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International scientific-online conference
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF MILK
THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM)
Tursunova Dilnoza Alisherovna
Kokand University Andijan branch, teacher
Phd student of Karshi State University
Obidjonova Dilnoza
Kokand University, Andijan Branch, Student
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15515461
Abstract
This study explores the botanical characteristics, chemical composition,
and pharmacological uses of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), a plant known
for its hepatoprotective effects. The research highlights the biological
significance of silymarin and other bioactive compounds, while evaluating their
roles in clinical and traditional medicine. The article presents a synthesis of
literature alongside practical dosage recommendations and safety guidelines.
Keywords:
Silybum marianum, silymarin, hepatoprotection, medicinal
plant, chemical composition
Introduction
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) belongs to the Asteraceae family and is
valued for its medicinal properties, particularly in liver protection and
detoxification. It has been traditionally used in Europe and Central Asia,
including Uzbekistan. The pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive
compounds like silymarin, essential oils, and minerals. With rising global
interest in phytotherapy, especially in hepatology, it is important to study the
therapeutic potential and biochemical makeup of this species.
Materials and Methods
The study used a combination of qualitative literature review,
phytochemical data analysis, and comparative assessments from regional and
international sources. The botanical characteristics and chemical profile were
referenced from standard texts in plant systematics and pharmacognosy. Dosage
and clinical relevance were cross-checked against ethnomedicinal sources and
modern scientific articles.
Sources included:
Uzbekistani botany textbooks (Pratov et al., 2003; 2010; 2020)
World Health Organization (WHO) plant profiles
Peer-reviewed journals on phytotherapy and hepatoprotective agents
Results
Botanical Description
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Milk Thistle is a biennial or annual plant growing 30–60 cm tall with glossy
green leaves and pink-purple flowers. It prefers sunny, dry habitats and has
adapted to regions in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. In Uzbekistan, it grows in
Qashqadaryo and Surkhandaryo provinces.
Chemical Composition .
The primary characteristic of Milk Thistle lies in its
rich chemical composition. The main active substance is
silymarin
(2.7%),
which possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In
addition, the plant contains the following components:
№ Name
Amount
Function and influence
1
Enhances metabolism
2
Eases stress, uplifts mood, improves
sleep, relieves migraines
3
mg/g
Maintains metabolic activity
4
16.6 mg/g
Crucial for bone structure
5
24.4 mg/g
Role not yet fully understood
6
0.08 mg/g
Prevents anemia
7
m
4.2 mg/g
Supports nervous system excitability
and muscle contraction
8
0.09 mg/g
9
0.1 mg/g
Vital for Vitamin B1 absorption
10
22.9
mg/g
Important for cardiovascular health
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11
1.16 mg/g
Essential for blood cell formation
12
m
0.15 mg/g
Enhances
insulin
function
in
metabolism of sugar, proteins, and
fats
13
0.71 mg/g
Increases sperm cell activity, used in
infertility treatment
14
Used in treatment of avitaminosis
and hypovitaminosis
Therapeutic Applications
Milk Thistle preparations are widely used to:
Stimulate bile production and improve lipid digestion
Protect liver cells against alcohol, medication, and toxin-induced damage
Alleviate chronic liver conditions including cirrhosis and hepatitis
Aid in treatment of diabetes, varicose veins, hypertension, and obesity
Improve gastrointestinal motility and enhance vitamin absorption
Treat skin wounds, burns, and inflammation when applied topically
Dosage Examples
Powdered seeds: 1 teaspoon three times daily before meals for 1 month
Decoction: 30g seeds in 0.5L water boiled down by half; 1 tbsp hourly
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Tincture: 50g seeds in 500ml vodka; 20–25 drops diluted in water before
meals
Safety Guidelines for Using Raptoropsha
Before using Raptoropsha, ensure you are not
allergic to this plant. If symptoms such as rash,
itching, or difficulty breathing occur, stop use
immediately.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should only
use Raptoropsha under medical supervision, as it
may affect hormonal balance.
Patients taking medications for diabetes, liver
diseases, or blood pressure should consult a
doctor before using Raptoropsha, as it may
interact negatively with these drugs.
Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
Overuse may cause side effects such as headache,
vomiting, or stomach upset.
Prolonged and continuous use may overburden
the div. It is advisable to use it in cycles with
breaks.
Raptoropsha should not be used in children
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Discussion
The active compound silymarin stabilizes hepatocyte membranes,
promotes protein synthesis, and accelerates liver regeneration. Studies suggest
silymarin is effective against liver cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, and drug-induced
hepatotoxicity. The antioxidant action reduces oxidative stress, while mineral
components such as selenium and zinc further support immune and
cardiovascular health.
Traditional use aligns with clinical observations, especially for liver detox, bile
secretion, and gastrointestinal relief. However, controlled trials are needed to
standardize dosing and evaluate long-term safety. Possible interactions with
hypoglycemic agents and hormonal medications require caution.
Conclusion
Milk Thistle is a potent medicinal plant offering hepatoprotective, anti-
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inflammatory, and detoxifying benefits. Rich in silymarin and essential
micronutrients, it holds therapeutic promise across several domains of
traditional and clinical medicine. Proper dosage, safety consideration, and
professional supervision are key to maximizing its medicinal value.
References:
1.
Pratov O., Jumayev Q. (2003). Higher Plant Systematics. Tashkent.
2.
Pratov O., Shamsuvaliyeva L., Sulaymonov E., et al. (2010). Botany:
Morphology, Anatomy, Systematics, Geobotany. Ta’lim Publishing, Tashkent.
3.
Matkarimova A.A., Mahkamov T.X., Maxmudova M.M., et al. (2020). Botany.
Go To Print, Tashkent.
4.
Pratov O., Nabiyev M.M. (2007). Modern Systematics of Higher Plants of
Uzbekistan. O‘qituvchi Publishing.
5.
Mustafayev S.M. (2002). Botany. Uzbekistan Publishing.
6.
Xoliqov S., Pratov O., Fayziyev A. (1995). Plant Identifier. O‘qituvchi
Publishing.
7.
Flora of Central Asia (2021). Silybum marianum Profile. WHO Regional
Plant Guide.
8.
Kidd, P.M. (2002). Hepatoprotective effects of silymarin: Integration of
traditional and modern scientific knowledge. Alternative Medicine Review, 7(5),
435–447.
