Том 4 № 28 (2025)

The concept of the Motherland plays a vital role in the development of students' national consciousness and civic identity. In modern educational practice, especially in the context of multilingual and multicultural societies, fostering a sense of patriotism and cultural belonging is becoming increasingly relevant. Russian language classes offer unique opportunities to instill the idea of the Motherland through the exploration of literary texts, linguistic norms, and culturally significant discourse. This article explores the pedagogical principles and methods that enable educators to develop students' understanding and appreciation of their homeland within the framework of Russian language instruction. It emphasizes the integration of cultural and moral content into language education and highlights the teacher's role as both a linguist and a cultural mentor. The study draws on theoretical frameworks in pedagogy, psychology, and linguistics, and proposes practical recommendations for the effective formation of patriotic consciousness through language lessons.

This article covers the didactic possibilities of using multimedia in music education. The article also covers the methods of improving the effectiveness of music education lesson processes today with the help of modern information and communication technologies, as well as the role and importance of multimedia tools in the development of an aesthetic worldview in students.

В статье рассматриваются социальные представления подростков о семейных отношениях. При проведении данного исследования были проанализированы различные социокультурные и психологические факторы, влияющие на формирование этих представлений. Установлено, что традиционные и современные подходы к семейным структурам лишь частично решают проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются подростки, что приводит к недопониманию и конфликтам в межпоколенческих отношениях.

Рождение ребенка с ограниченными возможностями здоровья (ОВЗ) меняет всю жизнь семьи, изменяет представление родителей о своей роли и месте в жизни. Обычно родители, узнавшие об инвалидности ребёнка, находятся в состоянии стресса. Этот стресс носит сначала острый характер, а затем переходит в хронический.  Многие специалисты в области педагогики и психологии изучали особенности семьи, в которой воспитывается ребенок с особыми потребностями.

Quyidagi ilmiy maqola ingliz tilidagi leksik o‘zlashtirishlarga qaratilgan bo‘lib, ko‘pincha anglisizmlar deb nomlanadi va o‘zlashtirilmagan leksik o‘zlashmalarni izohlash uchun bir qator standartlarni taklif etadi, ya’ni faqat yaqinda import qilingan so‘zlarni qabul qiluvchi tilga hali assimilyatsiya qilinmagan.

In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, computer architecture education plays a pivotal role in shaping the next generation of engineers and computer scientists. As ARM-based systems gain prominence across various domains, it becomes imperative to equip students with practical know ledge of ARMv8 architecture. In this study, we explore the integration of hands-on ARMv8 learning experiences using the Orange Pi 5 Plus single-board computer and virtual Linux environments. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing students’ understanding of low-level programming and system design.

This article explores student motivation and engagement from a pedagogical perspective, emphasizing how teaching strategies, classroom environment, and teacher-student relationships influence learners' active participation and interest in academic tasks. Motivation and engagement are critical for effective learning, yet they often fluctuate due to various internal and external factors. The article reviews current literature, outlines a qualitative study conducted with secondary school teachers, and presents findings on what teachers perceive as effective methods for motivating students. Key strategies identified include differentiated instruction, goal-setting, the use of technology, and fostering a sense of belonging in the classroom. The study highlights the importance of adopting student-centered approaches and creating emotionally safe learning environments. It concludes with practical suggestions for educators and policymakers aiming to improve educational outcomes by addressing motivational barriers. Overall, this work contributes to the growing body of research seeking to make education more inclusive, responsive, and aligned with learners’ psychological needs.

This article is dedicated to econometric models for the development of catering services in tourism and hotels. The development of the tourism sector directly affects catering services in hotels. Econometric models are used to improve the efficiency of these services and predict future trends.The following key variables are considered when creating econometric models: tourist flow,  hotel occupancy, catering service revenue, price level, service quality index, consumer expenditures, and regional gross domestic product.

This study examines the evolution of mining terminology driven by the rapid integration of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Through a corpus based and terminological analysis, it investigates lexical borrowings and neologisms, tracing their etymological origins, semantic shifts, and pragmatic functions within industrial discourse. The research highlights the interplay of globalization, technological innovation, and multilingual communication in reshaping mining lexicons, emphasizing the need for standardized terminological resources to enhance effective communication and education in global mining contexts. The findings underscore the sociolinguistic implications of these changes, particularly in multilingual settings influenced by Uzbek and Russian linguistic traditions.

This article examines the influence of a speaker’s mother tongue on their English pronunciation. It explores how phonological structures of the first language (L1) impact the acquisition of English sounds in second language (L2) learning. Drawing from current linguistic theories and studies, this research identifies common pronunciation issues among learners from different L1 backgrounds and highlights the importance of accent awareness and corrective phonetics in education. The article also evaluates pedagogical strategies that reduce L1 interference and foster intelligible English speech, contributing to more effective global communication.

Bu maqolada buyuk ingliz yozuvchisi dramaturg Uilyam Shekspir asarlarining asl muallifi haqidagi taxminlar ochiqlanadi.

This article explores the critical role of interactive and play-based learning activities in enhancing vocabulary acquisition and overall cognitive development in early childhood education. Drawing on insights from neuroeducation and cognitive psychology, the study highlights how vocabulary enrichment through games, storytelling, rhyming, and word-building exercises improves not only linguistic competence but also memory, problem-solving skills, and social interaction. Activities such as Pictionary, charades, and rhyming games provide meaningful engagement, increase motivation, and stimulate different areas of the brain associated with language processing. The findings underscore that incorporating play into language instruction fosters a dynamic, low-anxiety learning environment that supports long-term retention, creativity, and collaborative skills among young learners.

This article explores the phenomenon of graduonomy within the grammatical and semantic categories of verbs in the English and Uzbek languages. Graduonomy, as a subtype of semantic gradation, reflects the hierarchy and intensity of meanings expressed through verbal forms. The research aims to identify how different levels of meaning, modality, and intensity are encoded in verb categories such as tense, aspect, voice, and mood. The comparative analysis draws attention to cross-linguistic similarities and discrepancies that emerge in representing verbal gradation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of typological distinctions and help refine language teaching and translation strategies

Цереброваскуляр касалликларни ривожланишида  гипертония касаллиги ва магистрал қон томирларда атеросклероз жараёнининг турли босқичлари ривожланиши натижасида юзага келади. Бу жараён сурункали бўлиб, буйрак усти  бези пўстлоқ қавати коптокчали сохасининг хажман кичрайиши, коптокчалар таркибидаги секретларни камайиши хисобига юза берса, тутамли қавати  хужайраларида липидли киртмаларни кескин кўпайиши, оралиқда қон томирларнинг массив тўлақонлиги ва оралиқ шишларнинг ривожланиши натижасида дистрофик ва некробиотик ўзгариш-лар ривожланиши аниқланди. Айнан, тутамли соха қон томирларининг тўлақонлиги, оралиқ шишиларнинг ривожланиши натижасида  спангиоцит-лардаги секретларни димланиши ва  ёғли дистрофия манзарасини эслатувчи морфологик ўзгаришларнинг натижасида спонгиоцитлар некрози юзага келганлиги аниқланади. Тўрсимон қаватда эса,  оралиқ шишлар ва тўлақонлик оқибатида диапедез қон қуйилишлар юзага келганли  аниқланди.

Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston Respublikasining BMT tomonidan 1989-yilda qabul qilingan Bola huquqlari to‘g‘risidagi Konvensiyaga qo‘shilishi, uning ahamiyati va mazkur xalqaro hujjatning milliy darajada amalga oshirilishi masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Konvensiyaning asosiy tamoyillari – bola manfaatlarini ustuvor qo‘yish, tenglikni ta’minlash va bolalarning asosiy huquqlarini kafolatlash – O‘zbekistonning xalqaro majburiyatlari va milliy qonunchiligida qanday ifodalanganligi yoritiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada 2024–2027-yillarga mo‘ljallangan Milliy harakatlar rejasi, uning tavsiyalari hamda BMTning Bola huquqlari bo‘yicha qo‘mitasi bilan hamkorlik natijalari haqida batafsil ma’lumot keltiriladi.

Strategic planning in the pharmaceutical market is key to effective medication supply. This requires the analysis of a large volume of market information, where forecasting plays an important role. It helps companies to develop assortment and pricing policies as well as promotion strategies. This is especially important for providing patients with depression— a socially significant disease that requires stable access to modern and safe antipsychotic medications. The relevance of the topic is connected with growing competition and market instability. Reliable forecasting models can enhance the efficiency of business processes and ensure uninterrupted drug supply. This approach will help companies optimize production and marketing.

The article notes that increasing students' motivation for learning is a relevant and important part of the educational process, which serves not only the personal development of students, but also their formation as mature specialists, as well as new and effective methods in education to increase students' epistemological motivation based on innovative educational technologies.

В статье рассматривается развитие литературного типа «лишнего человека» в русской литературе XIX века на примере сравнительного анализа образов Евгения Онегина из романа А.С. Пушкина «Евгений Онегин» и Григория Печорина из романа М.Ю. Лермонтова «Герой нашего времени». Оба героя отражают кризис личности, утрату жизненных ориентиров, отчуждённость и духовную изоляцию, однако различаются по характеру, поведению и степени трагизма. Онегин символизирует пассивное отчуждение, Печорин — активное разрушение. Анализ проводится в контексте историко-социальной обусловленности и литературной традиции. Статья акцентирует внимание на художественных особенностях, психологизме и философском наполнении образов, подчёркивая их значение в развитии русской литературной мысли.

Mazkur ishda korxona moliyaviy mablaglarini boshqarishni takomillashtirishda moliyaviy tahlil vositalarining roli va ahamiyati chuqur tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni koʻrsatadiki, moliyaviy koʻrsatkichlarning muntazam tahlili va ular asosida qabul qilinadigan strategik qarorlar korxonaning barqaror rivojlanishi va moliyaviy barqarorligiga olib keladi. Tadqiqotda zamonaviy iqtisodiy tahlil usullari qoʻllanilib, xorijiy va mahalliy tajribalar oʻrganildi. Shu bilan birga, moliyaviy tahlil vositalarining raqamlashtirish jarayonlaridagi oʻrni va ularning samaradorligiga alohida eʼtibor qaratilgan. Ish natijasida korxonalarning moliyaviy barqarorligini taʼminlash boʻyicha aniq tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi.

This article provides information on the nutrition of cancer patients and the role of diet in cancer prevention. Cancer and its treatment are a very special situation, and a cancer patient needs special nutrition. On the one hand, the disease itself, on the other hand, the methods used to treat it cause anorexia. In addition, both cancer and drugs disrupt the absorption of a number of nutrients, so adherence to the principles of proper nutrition is an important measure for both the prevention and treatment of cancer and other tumor diseases.

This study explores the stages of scientific and educational development during the era of Mirzo Ulugbek through a comprehensive historical-philosophical analysis. In the early 15th century, a scientific renaissance emerged in the Eastern world, in which Mirzo Ulugbek’s personality and his approach to science played a decisive role. The article examines the educational system, scientific traditions, interrelations between disciplines, and their philosophical and social impact during this period by focusing on the activities of the Ulugbek Madrasah and Observatory in Samarkand. Drawing upon scholarly sources, historical chronicles, and contemporary philosophical methods of analysis, the research reveals the universal and contemporary significance of Mirzo Ulugbek’s intellectual legacy.

This article explores the multifaceted nature of discourse between teachers and students in educational settings. It examines how communication in the classroom not only transfers information but also constructs knowledge, shapes relationships, and influences learning outcomes. By analyzing discourse through linguistic, psychological, and pedagogical lenses, the article highlights effective communicative strategies such as questioning, feedback, and emotional tone. The study uses qualitative methods, including classroom observation and discourse analysis, to provide insights into improving teaching practices and fostering student engagement.

Ushbu maqola kichik biznes korxonalarida raqamli transformatsiya loyihalarining investitsiya daromadliligi (ROI)ni oshirishda loyiha boshqaruvi metodologiyalarining rolini tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqot adabiyotlar tahlili asosida amalga oshirilgan bo'lib, ROI o'lchash usullari, loyiha boshqaruvi yondashuvlari va amaliy strategiyalarni o'rganadi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, maqsadli loyiha boshqaruvi metodologiyalari va to'g'ri ROI baholash usullari orqali kichik korxonalar raqamli transformatsiya loyihalaridan maksimal moliyaviy foyda olishlari mumkin.

This study explores the botanical characteristics, chemical composition, and pharmacological uses of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), a plant known for its hepatoprotective effects. The research highlights the biological significance of silymarin and other bioactive compounds, while evaluating their roles in clinical and traditional medicine. The article presents a synthesis of literature alongside practical dosage recommendations and safety guidelines.

Mazkur ilmiy tezisda “Uz CLAAS Agro” MChJ faoliyatida aylanma mablag‘larni boshqarish jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi hamda ularni samarali boshqarish yo‘llari bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqiladi. Aylanma mablag‘lar korxonaning kundalik operatsiyalarini moliyalashtirish, ishlab chiqarish jarayonining uzluksizligini ta’minlash va umumiy moliyaviy barqarorlikni qo‘llab-quvvatlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Tadqiqot davomida korxona hisoboti asosida likvidlik, aylanish koeffitsiyentlari va pul oqimlari dinamikasi o‘rganilib, mavjud muammolar aniqlangan. Xususan, zaxiralarni boshqarishdagi samarasizlik, debitor qarzdorlikning yuqoriligi va pul mablag‘larining yetarli darajada bo‘lmasligi kabi holatlar korxona moliyaviy barqarorligiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgani ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Tezisda ushbu muammolarni bartaraf etish uchun zamonaviy boshqaruv uslublari, jumladan, aylanish kapitalini optimallashtirish, pul oqimlarini rejalashtirish va samarali moliyaviy nazorat tizimini joriy etish kabi chora-tadbirlar taklif etiladi. Natijada, korxonada resurslardan foydalanish samaradorligini oshirish, ishlab chiqarish uzluksizligini ta’minlash va raqobatbardoshlikni kuchaytirishga erishish mumkin bo‘ladi.

Жорий активлар ҳисобини халқаро стандартлар асосида ташкил этиш, меъёрий – ҳуқуқий базасини шакллантириш, журнал ўтказмаларида жорий активлар билан боғлиқ операцияларни акс эттириш, кредиторлик қарзлар ҳисоби, олинган бўнаклар ҳисоби, жорий тўланадиган солиқлар ҳисоби, нафақа фондларига қарзлар ҳисоби, қисқа муддатли қарзлар ва кредитлар ҳисоби, меҳнат ҳақи бўйича ходим билан ҳисоблашишлар, узоқ муддатли қарзларнинг жорий қисми ҳисобга олиниши ва молиявий ҳисоботнинг тегишли сатрларида қайд этиш тартиби очиб берилган.

Bu maqolada ikkilamchi nominatsiya hodisasining lingvokulturologik hodisa ekangigi haqida ilmiy fikr-mulohazalar yuritilgan.

Maqolada nutq ustida ishlashning eng muhim bosqichlari – qadimiy ritorik kanonlar tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu kanonlar notiqlik san’atining asosi bo‘lib, fikrni shakllantirishdan boshlab uni ommaga yetkazishgacha bo‘lgan jarayonni qamrab oladi. Ayniqsa, bugungi mass media muhiti – ya'ni turli ommaviy axborot vositalari orqali auditoriyaga murojaat qilish zarurati kuchaygan bir davrda, bu kanonlarning ahamiyati yanada ortmoqda. Maqolada ichki fikrni tashqi nutqqa aylantirish, nutq tuzilmasini yaratish, uni texnologik va g‘oyaviy jihatdan to‘g‘ri yo‘lga qo‘yish mexanizmlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi.

Mazkur maqolada Paralimpiya sport turlarining nogironligi bo‘lgan shaxslarni jamiyatga ijtimoiy integratsiyalashuvi va ularning ruhiy salomatligiga ko‘rsatgan ijobiy ta’siri chuqur tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda sport orqali nogironlar orasida o‘ziga ishonch, ijtimoiy faollik va ijobiy emotsional holatning ortishi ilmiy asoslar bilan yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada saralash algoritmlarining asosiy turlari – Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort va Quick Sort – algoritmik tahlil asosida solishtiriladi. Har bir algoritmning ishlash prinsipi, eng yomon (worst-case), o‘rtacha (average-case) va eng yaxshi (best-case) ishlash vaqt murakkabliklari, amaliy dastur kodi hamda jadval shaklida samaradorlik solishtiruvlari keltirilgan. C++ dasturlash tili yordamida algoritmlar real ma’lumotlarda testdan o‘tkazilib, ularning afzallik va kamchiliklari tahlil qilinadi.

В данной статье рассматривается влияние современных образовательных технологий на процесс подготовки волейболистов. Особое внимание уделено использованию цифровых платформ, видеоанализа, тренажеров и интерактивных методик в процессе развития технических и тактических навыков спортсменов. Представлены результаты исследований и практических наблюдений, подтверждающих эффективность интеграции технологий в тренировочный процесс.

This article explores the role and significance of paremiological units-proverbs, sayings, and idiomatic expressions-in the educational process. The study emphasizes how the integration of these linguistic elements in teaching enhances students' cultural awareness, moral development, and language skills. It also highlights the pedagogical benefits of using paremiological units to foster critical thinking, creativity, and communicative competence among learners. The research draws upon examples from Uzbek folklore and comparative linguistics to demonstrate the universal educational value of proverbs. Recommendations are provided for effectively incorporating paremiological materials into language curricula to enrich teaching methodologies and student engagement.

The aim of the research is to determine the inhibitory properties of the product of the interaction of chlorine-containing waste with diethanolamine. The object of the research is the water of oil production and processing enterprises, in particular, the North Urtabulak field under the jurisdiction of Mubarekneftegaz.

This paper explores the role and importance of literary artistic means in the works of Alisher Navoi, a prominent figure in Central Asian literature and a key contributor to the development of the Uzbek literary language.  Navov's use of various literary artistic means, simile, hyperbole, exaggeration, imagery, symbols and metaphors is shown to serve to deliver the meaning of each word and phrase more broadly and deeply. This study also addresses the issues of the re-creation in English translation of the means of artistic representation used in the narrative of the epic "Farhad and Shirin", which is part of the "Hamsa" of Navoi.

Mazkur maqolada oilaviy tarbiya va uning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, oiladagi ma’naviy muhit hamda farzand tarbiyasida milliy va ma’naviy qadriyatlarning ustuvorligiga oid mulohazalar bayon etilgan.

Ushbu maqolada stress tushunchasining psixologik adabiyotlarda o‘rganilganlik holati aks ettirilgan. Emotsional stress, fiziologik stress, informtsion stress tushunchalar haqida ma’lumotlar.

As a result of the colonial policy pursued by the Russian Empire, the Turkestan region endured severe economic hardships. The region’s economy was subordinated to the interests of the Russian state, leading to the deterioration of the population’s material well-being. During the First World War, the conscription of Turkestan's population for labor duties (mardikorlik) and the redirection of the local economy toward the needs of the front significantly intensified social problems. Between 1917 and 1940, the policies implemented by both Tsarist and Soviet authorities often prioritized the needs of Russian settlers over the indigenous Muslim population.

In this article, the reaction rate and isomer composition of carbamate and bis-carbamate derivatives were studied by determining the reactivity of N-H alkylated compounds with alkyl halides. The effect of factors such as the radical nature, branching and length of the molecule, the solvent and the "hardness" or "softness" of the methylating agent was investigated.

This article explores the key findings of Mukminova’s research, highlighting the significance of crafts in shaping the socio-economic landscape of 16th-century Samarkand and Bukhara and their role in the broader context of Central Asian history.

в статье изложена информация о жанровом многообразии романа «Айвенго», а также представлен системный и многоуровневый анализ романа на предмет романтического воплощения в нем исторической конкретности. Некоторые специфические черты одних жанров сопоставляются с другими, а также упоминаются факты из биографии автора книги.