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PEDAGOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TEACHER SPEECH
Usmanova Saodat Erkinovna
Termiz State Pedagogical Institute,
Teacher of the preschool education department
Rozia Rakhmonjonova
A student of the 2nd stage of preschool education
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15553491
Annotation:
In the article, speech culture should serve to form and develop
the skills of creativity, independent thinking, correct and fluentexpression of the
product of creative thought in oral and written forms in accordance with the
conditions of speech, and education of language intuition. Based on this, the
culture of speech: the means of expressing one's opinion in different conditions
in accordance with the conditions of speech,
the ways of giving meaning in
different forms, studying artistic, scientific, social works, thinking about them,
personal represents the culture of being able to correctly express the attitude in
oral and written forms.
Key words
: Teacher's image, speech culture, physiological breath,chest
breath in phonation breath, diaphragmatic breath, diaphragmaticabdomen,
range, timbre, energetic system, resonator system, anaphora,rhythmic,
gradation, inversion, intonation.
Language plays a special role in the spiritual and cultural development of
every person. Language is a means of human communication and exchange of
ideas and information. Because language is what separates man from other
creatures. Therefore, the highest products of human mental activity - the fruits
of thinking - are realized through language and speech.
Language is a powerful tool for applying the products of thought to life. In
the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language, it is defined as "language - a
system of sounds, words, and grammatical tools that serve as a tool for
expressing thoughts and communication", and speech is defined as "the ability,
skill to express thoughts through language" or "language in the process of
conversation". One of the great works of ancient Eastern pedagogy, "Nightmare",
special attention was paid to language and speech, which are still
we see that it has not lost its importance. Kaikovus considers the art of
words - eloquence to be the best among all crafts: "Know that the art of words is
better than all crafts."
That is why he emphasizes that a person should be eloquent and eloquent.
The author describes the way to acquire eloquence as tireless work and study.
The noble possibilities of the language are revealed through speech. As long as
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there is no speech, the unlimited possibilities of the language will not be
revealed. A. Navoi explains the relationship between language and speech in this
way: "Language is a tool of speech with all its dignity. If the speech turns out to
be inappropriate, it is a disaster for the language."
So, no matter how powerful the language is, it serves as a tool for speech. Its
power is manifested in the process of speech. If language is an arrow, speech is a
bow. The power of the arrow also depends on the ability of the bow.
Language is a unique treasure of the nation and has always been expressed
in oral and written form. A rich, bright, interesting speech, no matter who it is, is
considered the light of a person. Speech culture is a very large and wide field,
which includes all speech processes, from a child's daily simple greetings, to
whom, when, where and how to say what.
Speech culture is not only ways of acquiring speech, but also its use
also educates culture. Speech culture should serve to form and develop the
skills of creativity, independent thinking, the ability to correctly and fluently
express the product of creative thought in oral and written forms in accordance
with the speech conditions, and to educate language intuition. Based on this, the
culture of speech: the means of expressing one's opinion in different conditions
in accordance with the conditions of speech, the ability to give meaning in
different forms ways, artistic, scientific, social works, and expresses the culture
of being able to correctly express one's opinion and personal attitude in oral and
written forms. It is impossible to create a speech that is absolutely correct for
any pedagogical situation. Only the speech organized based on the requirements
of the situation is considered correct. Consequently, it will be practically
impossible for a person to foresee and plan his every step.
The work of a teacher is an intense search and painful experience, a
moment of inspiration and a unique change, a lot of everyday work, frustration
and being with children, that is, it fulfills the vital function of the human div. It
also provides energy to the speech process. So, a person breathes in two ways:
physiological and phonational breath.
In physiological breathing, air is taken in through the nose, inhalation and
exhalation are equal and uniform. It occurs in the following sequence: a short
inhalation, a short exhalation and a pause. If the phonational breath is not
formed, spitting during speech,
heart rate increases, the face turns red. Breathing is divided into four types
depending on the muscles involved in the breathing process. Upper breath is a
type of light breathing that is performed with the participation of the shoulders,
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chest and upper part of the lungs. Chest breathing takes place with the
participation of the rib muscles, and the circumference of the chest changes. In
this case, the aperture almost does not change. Diaphragmatic breathing is
performed as a result of longitudinal changes in the volume of the chest.
Diaphragmatic-abdominal breathing is formed on the basis of transverse and
longitudinal changes of chest muscles, changes of abdominal muscles. This
breath is the most convenient for phonation breath. Speech sounds are formed
during long exhalation. Therefore, it is necessary to use exercises that develop
diaphragmatic-abdominal breathing to improve the process of phonation
breathing and sound production.
A lot of exercises to regulate the teacher's breathing
defined. One of them is to take long deep breaths through the nose while
lying on the back or standing up to help the respiratory system to function
properly. Among teachers, there are very few people who have a naturally
positive, sonorous, pleasant voice. A good voice can change over the years if it is
not trained with special exercises. Also, every person's voice can be strong,
variable and sonorous if trained with special exercises.
Let's get acquainted with the structure of the sound apparatus. The sound
apparatus consists of 3 parts: a generator, a resonator, an energy system.
Divides sounds into tonal and noise sounds.
The resonator system includes the larynx, mouth and nasal cavity. It
provides speech dynamics.
The upper respiratory tract enters the energy system and ensures the
speed and volume of the air flow involved in the formation of sound. Important
features of the teacher's voice
The sound is produced as a result of the blockage of the air flow from the
lungs by the vocal cords. The important aspects of the sound depend on the
degree to which the sound apparatus is formed. Important aspects of the
teacher's voice include:
1) Sound transmission and control over a certain distance.
2) Flexibility of sound - change according to the content of the speech.
3) The pitch of the sound is the level of tonality of the sound. The movement
of sound depends on its pitch. The human voice can easily vary in height by 2
octaves, but in our daily speech, 3-5 notes can be used.
4) Range - sound range, width. A set of sounds of different pitches with the
highest and lowest limits of human capabilities.
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5) Timbre - the unique quality of each sound, sound decoration, its softness
or thickness, brightness. Each person's voice timbre can change based on the
resonator system.
There are 2 types of resonator system: upper (head) and lower (chest). The
upper or head resonator system includes the brain, mouth and nasal cavity. The
lower or chest resonator system includes the trachea and bronchi. With the help
of the resonator system, it is possible to create different types of tone (sound)
and overtone (additional sound).
6) Rhythmic - general speed, duration, rhythm or weight of sound and
words. The pronunciation of some words, syllables, their speed is the pace of
speech.
7) Temporitm - pauses between words.
8) The speed of speech depends on the personal qualities of the teacher, the
content of the speech, the situation of communication, the quality of each
teacher depends on the content of the speech and the situation of
communication. gives
Diction. Diction is a clear and understandable pronunciation of sounds and
words, that is, lips, tongue, jaw, soft and hard palate, tongue, larynx, and vocal
cords participate in the formation of sound. If the activity of one of them is
disturbed, the diction is disturbed. Diction-pronunciation style, the degree of
clarity of pronunciation. Correct pronunciation is considered the most necessary
weapon for the teacher, because in order for the students to understand the
speech, the pronunciation should be fluent, each syllable, word and sound
should be pronounced clearly. The pause, pace and pleasantness of the speech
make up the tone of the speech. Monotonous speech is boring and reduces
interest and attention. So, after having an understanding of the speech
technique, it is necessary to move on to constant practice. To regulate breathing,
to practice the level of clarity of pronunciation, to strengthen the vocal organs
Need. The process of proper understanding of the educational material by
the students depends on the perfection of the teacher's speech. Usually, students
pay attention to the level of the teacher's speaking skills and abilities. If some
words and sounds are pronounced incorrectly by the teacher, it will lead to
laughter and teasing among the students. Also, monotonous speech makes
students bored, rather open
During the conversation with the heart, the tone of the speech in a cheerful
spirit, that is, such a conversation, which is conducted with great excitement,
seems fake to the students and causes distrust towards the teacher.
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ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ
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