STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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page or Telegram group to post weekly English language tips, produce short video lessons, or conduct
mini research projects in English. These projects build teamwork skills while allowing students to
learn from each other. They also encourage peer feedback and shared responsibility. Gamification
introduces game-like elements into the learning process, increasing motivation and participation.
Teachers can organize challenges such as “most creative Instagram story in English” or “best
vocabulary TikTok of the week.” Badges, points, and leaderboards can be used to reward engagement
and improvement. By integrating social media into English classes, teachers can boost students'
motivation and engagement [5; 59-68]. Furthermore, as social media offer a wide range of authentic
language materials, it can be of help for students in terms of exposure to real-life language, which
helps students better understanding of the language.
References
:
1.Abdukareem, M.A. (2024). Social Media in Teaching English for EFL Students: A Review
of Challenges and Suggestions International Journal of English Teaching and Learning, Vol. 2,
No. 1, pp. 8-17
2. Alfaki, I. M. (2018). Towards a digital world: Using social networks to promote learner’s
language. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, Vol. 4, No. 10. pp. 45-51
3. Alzahrani, A., & Alqahtani, M. (2020). The Use of Social Media in English Language
Learning and Teaching: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Teaching English for Specific
and Academic Purposes, 8(1), 1-18.
4. Akçayır, G., & Akçayır, M. (2018). The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and
challenges. Computers & Education, 126, 334–345.
5. A.K.P.Nasution (2022). Social Media Used In Language Learning: Benefits And Challenges.
Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching (JLLLT) Vol. 1, No.2, 59-68
6. Ariantini, K. P., Komang, N., Suwastini, A., Luh, N., Adnyani, P. S., Dantes, G. R., Gusti,
I., Sri, A., & Jayantini, R. (2021). Integrating social media into English language learning: How
and to what benefits according to recent studies. Jurnalfahum.Uinsby. Ac.Id, 12(1), 91–111.
7. Hsu, H. Y. (2017). English language learning with social media in China. Journal of
Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 10(1), 41–56.
8. Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2016). Facebook and the others. Potentials and obstacles of Social
Media for teaching in higher education. Computers & Education, 95, 216–230.
THE ARAL SEA AND ITS SHRINKAGE
Baxtibaeva G.,
The 1st year student, Berdakh Karakalpak State University
Keulimjaeva G.K.,
Scientific advisor, EFL teacher, Berdakh Karakalpak State University
Annotation:
Once the fourth-largest inland lake in the world, the Aral Sea has suffered dramatic
shrinkage since the mid-20th century. This article delves into the causes and consequences of the sea’s
decline, focusing on water mismanagement during the Soviet era and ongoing environmental impacts.
It also explores current and proposed efforts to mitigate the disaster and restore the regional
ecosystem.
Keywords:
Aral Sea, shrinkage, environmental crisis, water management, Uzbekistan,
Kazakhstan, ecosystem restoration
The Aral Sea, located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, was once a vast and thriving div of
water, covering about 68,000 km². By the 1960s, it was the fourth-largest lake in the world. However,
over the decades, its surface area and volume have drastically diminished.
STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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Geological evidence shows that the sea formed around 21 million years ago during the Cenozoic
era. In fact, about 1,200 years ago, it was connected to the Caspian Sea. Fossils such as red fish, giant
snails, and whale vertebrae found near Sarychyganak and Akespe confirm this deep history.
Before the disaster, the Aral Sea had a water volume of 1,066 km³, depths ranging from 30 to 60
meters, and salinity levels of 10–12%. It supported a thriving fishing industry and fertile agricultural
lands along its shores. [1, 345]
However, by 1990, the sea had lost more than half its volume. Water levels dropped by 23 meters,
and salinity rose by over 40%. Entire fisheries collapsed, and the once-productive land turned into
arid desert. Toxic dust storms now rise from the exposed seabed, spreading up to 2 million tons of salt
and pollutants annually, severely affecting public health and agriculture. [1, 346]
The Aral Sea’s shrinkage is primarily a man-made catastrophe. Key contributing factors include:
Disregard for local environmental and historical contexts; poor planning and over-irrigation for water-
intensive crops like cotton and rice; ignoring agrotechnical guidelines and inefficient use of water;
overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, which polluted the rivers feeding the sea; lack of scientific
planning and sustainable water management. [2, 45]
These actions, mainly carried out during the Soviet period, caused irreversible damage to the
region. Though restoring the sea to its original size seems unrealistic, several initiatives aim to
preserve and improve the current situation:
1. Efficient Water Use – Improving the management of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers to
reduce wastage.
2. Construction of Dams – For instance, the Kokaral Dam helped stabilize the Northern Aral Sea.
3. Afforestation Projects – Planting saxaul trees and other vegetation on the exposed seabed to
reduce dust storms.
4. International Cooperation – Discussions about diverting water from other regions, though
politically and financially complex.
5. Sustainable Agriculture – Promoting farming methods that use less water and are more
environmentally friendly. [3, 135]
While these efforts offer hope, the challenge remains significant. Restoring the sea fully would
require massive resources and international collaboration.
The Aral Sea has not only been a subject of scientific and ecological concern but has also
captured the imagination of artists, filmmakers, and game developers. In the video game
Syberia
, a
fictional resort town called “Aralabad” is situated near the Aral Sea, reflecting a stylized
interpretation of the region's past allure. The 1988 cult film
Needle
(
Igla
), featuring the iconic Soviet
rock musician Viktor Tsoi, includes scenes filmed along the Aral’s desolate shores, providing a
poignant backdrop for its narrative. [4,12]
Moreover, archaeological expeditions have uncovered ancient settlements and mausoleums on
the now-exposed seabed, including the Kerderi mausoleum, shedding light on the region's rich and
long-forgotten history. The Polish film
Psy
(
Dogs
) portrays the human and ecological tragedy of the
Aral Sea through the lens of an abandoned town that once thrived on its banks. Even modern video
games such as
Call of Duty: Black Ops
have incorporated the Aral Sea into their settings—one
mission unfolds on a fictional island located within its territory, further cementing the sea's presence
in contemporary pop culture. [5, 167]
The Aral Sea disaster is one of the most striking examples of environmental mismanagement in
history. It has caused ecological devastation, economic losses, and public health issues. While partial
restoration of the Northern Aral Sea has brought some hope, much more needs to be done. Future
success depends on sustainable water policies, regional cooperation, and a shared commitment to
protecting our planet’s natural resources.
STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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References:
1. Micklin, P. (2010). The Aral Sea Crisis and Its Future: A Historical and Environmental
Perspective. Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(3), 45-67.
2. Glantz, M. H. (2007). Aral Sea Basin: A Man-Made Environmental Catastrophe. Central Asian
Studies Press.
3. UNEP (2020). The Aral Sea: Environmental and Social Impacts. UNEP Report.
4. Aladin, N. V., & Plotnikov, I. S. (2015). Modern Ecological State of the Aral Sea: Challenges
and Solutions. Journal of Marine Science, 18(2), 112-130.
5. World Bank. (2018). Aral Sea Restoration Projects: Progress and Challenges. World Bank
Publications.
QAZAQ TILINDEGI ZATLIQ MÁDENIYAT LEKSIKASINIŃ
ETNOLINGVISTIKALIQ SIPATI
Bostanova Aynura Aybazar qızı
QMU, Qazaq tili bakalavr bag‘darı 3-kurs studenti
Ilmiy basshi: doc. Adilova Gulshat Ag‘itaevna
QMU, Qazaq tili hám ádebiyatı kafedrası baslıg‘ı
adilova.gulshat1975@gmail.com
Qazaq tiliniń sózlik quramında xalıqtıń ásirler dawamındag‘ı ómir tanıwınan, ıs tájiriybesinen
qáliplesken naqıl-maqallar, turaqlı dizbekler kútá kóp. Olar xalıqtıń kúndelikli turmısında hár túrli
qubılıstı ózara salıstıra suwretlew, bir-birine teńep sóylew máhsetinde, ekspressivli-emosionallıq
xızmette qollanılatug‘ın tillik qural bolıp tabıladı.
Qazaq tiliniń frazeologıyalıq dızbeklerın analızley otırıp, zatlıq mádeniyat leksikası arqalı jasalıp,
etnografiyalıq máni bergen, al geyparaları kele-kele etnografiyalıq mazmundı atawg‘a arnalg‘an
kóplegen frazeologiyalıq dizbeklerdi bir topar retinde qarawg‘a boladı. Mısalı: Payg‘azı berdi/soradı-
jańa kiygen, kórgen kiyimge, nársege t.b. qutlı bolsın retinde sıylıq soraw dástúrine baylanıslı
qálıplesken etnografizm. Házirgi waqıtta kóbine feyil sıńarı túsirilıp payg‘azı formasında óz aldına
etnografiyalıq atama retinde aytila beredi.
Qalja jew.
«Qalja – jas bosang‘an hayaldıń sıbag‘ası. Erteden kiyatırg‘an qazaq saltı boyınsha
jas bosang‘an hayalg‘a arnap qoy soyıp, tamaq pisirip sorpa ishkizedi. Ana menen balanıń
quwanıshına jaqın ag‘áyinlerı menen qońsı-qobaların qaljag‘a shaqıradı. Qalja beriw bosang‘an
hayalg‘a degen ayrıqsha húrmetten tuwg‘an»[1: 426-b.].
Etnograf-alım E.Janpeyisov qalja ertede jas bosang‘an hayallarg‘a g‘ana beriletug‘ın tamaq
bolg‘anı menen, keyin ol nawqas adamlarg‘a beretug‘ın tamaqtıń atına aylang‘an dep, M.Áwezov
shıg‘armalarınan mısallar keltiredi. Sonday-aq, onıń basqa tillerdegı túrli atamaları menen mánilerin
de kórsetedi: kalja (ar.)– may qosıp pisirilgen ovosh; qaldja-bir japıraq gósh, kalca-bir kesek gósh
(tat.), qalja-maydalap tuwralg‘an gósh, kalja-1) tawıq góshinen jasalg‘an lapsha; 2) ashımag‘an
qamırdı mayg‘a pisirgen tamaq; 3) góshti keseklep tuwrap salg‘an lapsha. Usılardıń hámmesin
kórsete kele, qalja sózin mong‘ol tilindegi ulgalz «jabayı taw eshkisi», qaljaqoın «urg‘ashı taw
eshkısı» sózinen shıqqan dep esaplaydı [2:104-105].
Sawg‘a soradı
. I.Keńesbaevtıń sózliginde bul frazeologiyalıq dizbektiń eki túrli mánisi berilgen:
1. Óziniń basına azatlıq soradı; 2. Olja soradı [3:456]. Sawg‘a dep «urıstan túsken oljadan yamasa
awlang‘an ańnan beriletug‘ın sıylıqtı» [4:210] aytadı. Usı mániske tiykarlanıp bas sawg‘a, jan sawg‘a
degen frazeologıyalıq dizbekler, sawg‘ala degen feyil hám t.b. jasalg‘an.
Qazaq xalqınıń turmıs-saltın, úrip-ádetin barınsha keńirek kórsetetug‘ın toparı balasın
úylendiriw, quda bolıw hám t.b. dástúrlerge baylanıslı bolıp keledi.
