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MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE TYMUS OF PREMATURE
STILLBORN INFANTS
Yuldashev Z.N.
Andijan State Medical Institute,
freelance seeker ziyayoidding@gmail.com Andijan city.
Mahkamov N.J.
Andijan State Medical Institute,
Ph.D., associate professor
nosirzonmahkamov5@gmail.com Andijan city
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14264185
Abstract:
Premature stillborn babies continue to have a violation of the
integrated functional connection with the thymus and adrenal glands, which are
not yet fully formed, according to the mortality rate, at 22-27, 28-32, 33-38
weeks. Those who died from intrauterine infection in the antenatal period make
up 78.2% of all babies and form the basis of our research. As the main
morphological substrate of these changes, it was found that the
reticuloepithelial cells of the thymus cortex are small in size, the desmasomas
are short and thick, there are many sparse fibrous structures connecting the
spaces between desmasomas, and the hematohistiogenic barrier has become
functionally impaired.
Key words:
thymus, morphology, involution, immunodeficiency, necrosis,
The relevance of the problem:
It is understood that premature birth of the
fetus due to intrauterine infection is 1-4% of every 1000 births in the world of
newborns or perinatal pathologies. Among the developed countries, in the USA
and Europe, this indicator is on average 4-5 per 1000 births. In the world's top
five, Turkmenistan has 45, Tajikistan 33, Azerbaijan 21, Kyrgyzstan 17 and
Uzbekistan 16 cases per 1000 births. This indicates that full screening of
extragenital diseases during fetal development or examinations that should be
done during pregnancy have not been fully implemented. In perinatal
pathologies, antenatal death mainly develops together with infectious and non-
infectious etiological processes and manifests itself in the form of fetal
immaturity, asphyxia, birth trauma, pneumopathies, perinatal blood circulation
disorders in the brain, and hemorrhagic disease of newborns.
The purpose of the research
is to study the pathomorphological
characteristics of the thymus tissue during antenatal death of infants.
Material and methods: morphological methods
of thymus tissue of
stillborn babies in the antenatal period were used.
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Result and discussion:
Compared with this period in the norm, taking into
account that the wall of the thymus lobes has a flat trajectory, in the studied
group, there is a sharp thickening of the sparse fibrous connective tissue in the
wall of the lobes, the formation of septa with a rough appearance, macrophages
in large numbers in the perivascular areas, 7-12 in the cytoplasm with a size of
200x undergoing apoptosis meeting of lymphocytes, triangular and star-like
appearance of reticulo-epithelial cells, becoming long-fibrous, empty bare areas
in between, means a sharp decrease in lymphocytes. It was found that in most of
the fragments there was a collapse, a large number of lymphocytes around
macrophages, a large number of phagocytosis foci, and a sharp decrease in
thymic hormone-producing cells. These changes indicate that the thymus
undergoes accidental transformation over time, at different stages in the
process. In the postcapillary venules of the cortex, there is a sharp fullness,
sedimentation of erythrocytes, swellings in the perivascular areas,
reticuloepithelial cells have a short thickened appearance, and dystrophic
changes. Focal accumulation of nanny cells, bare areas around them, small
lymphoblasts were found. Morphological changes in the cells characteristic of all
the intramural tissues of the sebaceous glands mean that the number of
lymphocytes that make up the thymus parenchyma at the expense of the fibrous
structures is reduced, macrophages are split between the plasmatic fibrous
structures, the process of induced apoptosis is increased, and the
morphofunctional areas are sharply reduced. A small number of dendritic cells
means that hematogenous T lymphocytes do not fully recognize histological
antigens and the rate of apoptosis is increased.
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