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DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF CALCULATION AND
SELECTION OF PARAMETERS OF SYSTEMS FOR SEISMOISOLATION
OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Goyipov Oybek
Doctoral student (PhD) Tashkent Universitete of
Architecture and Civil Engineering, (Uzbekistan)
Makhmudov Said Makhmudovich
Scientific adviser Tashkent Universitete of Architecture
and Civil Engineering,
(Uzbekista)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747455
Annotation.
This article discusses modern methods of earthquake
quenching and seismic protection.A simple approach to solving the issue of
seismic protection-the construction of a foundation with a sliding belt is
recommended in increasing the earthquake resistance and strength of buildings.
The use of this method allows you to reduce the cost of construction, while
maintaining high reliability.
Key words:
seismic isolation; seismically isolated buildings and structures;
seismic resistance damping layer, active seismic isolation.
Introduction
. Seismic isolation is one of the main ways to ensure the
seismic resistance of buildings and structures. There are about 4,500 seismically
isolated objects in the world. Among them, the most widespread are seismic
insulation systems (SSI) on elastic belts with dampers of viscous or dry friction,
as well as buildings and structures with a seismic insulating sliding belt.
However, the theory of calculating the CSI has not been sufficiently developed to
date. There is no consensus on setting up seismic damping. Many of the technical
solutions used are considered controversial in terms of their effectiveness and
safety. There are no uniform recommendations for the selection of seismic
insulation parameters. The solution to the issues raised in the design is the
correct modeling of the calculated seismic impact. For the last 20 years the basic
requirements for the assignment of seismic effects for the deterministic
calculation of seismically isolated systems are formulated. At the same time,
seismic impacts should be considered as random processes. The problems of
statistical modeling of vibrations of seismically isolated buildings and structures
have been practically not covered in the literature. In this paper, the problem of
statistical modeling of oscillations of the SI is considered, which makes it
possible to choose an effective seismic isolation setting in statistical statements.
The installation of seismic insulation systems is recognized worldwide as one of
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the main means of ensuring the seismic resistance of structures. Many works of
domestic and foreign specialists are devoted to the calculation, design and
application of seismic isolation systems. Among them are the studies of
Y.M.Eisenberg, I.U.Albert, T.A.Belash, T.J.Zhunuso va, D.Kelly, L.S.Kilimnik,
A.V.Kurzanov, M.Melkumyan, S.V.Polyakov, V.Robinson, Y.L. Rutman,
O.A.Savinov, R.Skinner, V.I.Smirnov, L.L.Soldatova, A.M.Uzdin, Z.G.Khuchbarova,
Y.D.Cherepinsky, V.G.Yaremenko and other specialists. Thanks to their research,
the general principles of the CSI device were developed and their high efficiency
was shown when used correctly.
Мaterials and methods.
The main result of the research carried out in the
period from 1975 to 1985 was the substantiation of calculation schemes for the
analysis of seismically insulated structures. Experts have analyzed various
calculation schemes for modeling the operation of the CSI from the simplest to
the most complex, involving finite element modeling of structures and
foundations. The performed studies have shown that there is no need for
detailed modeling of the seismically isolated part of the structure and the base
when calculating the CSI. The calculation schemes used in the work of specialists
are shown in Fig. 1. At the same time, a number of works note the insufficient
seismic resistance of seismically insulated structures, and give examples of their
collapse during destructive earthquakes. As the literature review has shown, the
basic concept of earthquake-resistant construction of earthquake-insulated
buildings and structures is as follows:
1. The seismic resistance of a seismically insulated structure is determined,
as a rule, not by seismic loads and structural forces, which do not limit the
operation of the structure, but by mutual displacements of seismically insulated
parts and the strength of insulating supports, which necessitates the kinematic
calculation of seismic insulation systems.
2. The assessment of the kinematic characteristics of seismic insulation
requires a correct assignment of the calculated impact.
3. In order to limit the mutual displacements of the seismically insulated
parts
of the structure between the foundation plates in parallel with the seismically
insulating support elements, it is necessary to install special damping devices.
Dampers are the most important elements of the design scheme, and the
justification of the required damping value is a special aspect of the theory of
seismic isolation.
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Fig. 1.
Calculation schemes of varying degrees of complexity used to
calculate a seismically isolated object
These principles are formulated on the basis of deterministic approaches
that do not take into account the random nature of the seismic impact. The
methods of statistical modeling of seismic impacts have not been sufficiently
studied, and there are no methods for modeling them that take into account the
effects that are important for calculating seismically isolated systems.
The above review shows that a large number of active seismic protection
systems for buildings have been proposed and developed in our country and
abroad. Some of these systems have been put into practice at individual
facilities, which made it possible to assess their manufacturability for
construction production. Vibration tests were carried out at many facilities,
which made it possible to obtain experimental data on the behavior of these
systems under dynamic influences. However, essentially all the developed
systems need additional research, mainly in field conditions, since many aspects
of the real behavior of seismic protection systems are difficult to study
theoretically or on models due to the very large number of factors affecting the
behavior of a structure during an intense earthquake.
Based on the existing experience of theoretical and experimental research,
a number of promising seismic protection systems can be identified for
earthquake-resistant construction:
- for 7- and 8-point districts for buildings with a rigid structural scheme,
seismic insulation systems with rubber-metal supports, with kinematic
foundations, systems with a flexible first floor with dry friction dampers can be
recommended. In buildings with a metal frame, it is rational to use elastoplastic
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absorbers, and for tall buildings with a metal frame, dynamic vibration dampers.
For multi-storey frame-panel buildings, friction diaphragms can be
recommended;
- in areas with a 9-point calculated seismicity, buildings with a rigid
structural scheme with a seismic-isolating sliding belt in the foundation should
be used mainly. For buildings with a frame structural scheme, switch-off and
switch-on devices should be used communications.
The joint use of various seismic protection systems, the so-called combined
systems, is promising, which allows combine their advantages and reduce the
impact of adverse properties inherent in each of the systems separately. So, for
example, for a building with one of the seismic isolation systems, supplemented
with switching connections and a dynamic vibration dampener, it is possible to
reduce the design load by one and a half to two points with any possible spectral
composition of the earthquake.
Conclusions
. In conclusion, we note that in cases where earthquakes with
significant vertical accelerations are possible, the design of active seismic
protection systems must be carried out taking into account both horizontal and
vertical vibrations. Earthquakes are strong ground vibrations that occur due to
the release of large amounts of energy over a short period of time during
dislocations inside the Earth's crust or in the upper layers of the mantle. This is
the point of view of seismology. For the national economy, an earthquake is a
natural disaster that causes significant material damage and causes human
casualties.The territories subject to seismic hazard with an intensity of 7-9
points account for about 15-20% of the total area of the CIS and are located
mainly in the southern and eastern regions. Or another way is possible when
using seismic isolation and other systems for dynamic regulation of seismic
loads. The choice of a particular system, as well as calculation and design should
be carried out with the participation of specialized design and scientific
organizations. At the design stage, it is necessary to perform spatial calculations
of buildings (ordinary buildings with a height of more than two floors,
responsible and unique) for at least two computing complexes using variations
of calculation models to eliminate the possibility of errors due to the
accumulation of mathematical errors during the calculation. Currently, the
following computing systems are used: SCAD, STARK, MicroFe, LIRA, Nastran,
etc.
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