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SEYSMIK HIMOYA QILINGAN BINO VA INSHOOTLARNI TAHLIL
QILISH VA O'TGAN ZILZILALAR AKSELEROGRAMMASI
Buriyev A.T.
F.-m.f.d., dots.
Abubakirova X.Y.
magistr.
(Toshkent arxitektura qurilish universiteti)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747349
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada hozirgi kungacha Respublikamizda
binolarni zilzilabardoshligi bo’yicha qo’llanilgan me’yoriy hujjatlar va ularning
ahamiyati bo’yicha ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Oldin bo’lib o’tgan zilzilalar tahlili
hamda akselerogrammalari keltirilgan. Hozirgi kunda loyihalanayotgan bino va
inshootlar uchun tavsiyalar berilgan.
Аннотация.
В данной статье представлены нормативные акты,
действовавшие на сегодняшний день в нашей республике по
сейсмостойкости зданий, и информация об их значении. Приведен анализ
предыдущих землетрясений, а также их акселерограммы. В настоящее
время даны рекомендации по проектируемым зданиям и сооружениям.
Annotation.
This article provides information on regulatory documents
and their significance, which have been used to this day in our Republic on the
earthquake activity of buildings. Analysis of previous earthquakes as well as
accelerograms are presented. Recommendations have been made for buildings
and structures currently being designed.
Kalit so’zlar.
Zilzila, akselerogramma, bino va inshootlar, dinamik, davrlar,
chastotalar, seysmik himoya qurilmalari.
Ключевые слова.
Землетрясения, акселерограммы, здания и
сооружения, динамические, схемы, частоты, устройства сейсмической
защиты.
Keywords.
Earthquake, accelerogram, buildings and structures, dynamics,
periods, frequencies, seismic protection devices.
Kirish qism:
Zilzilalar sodir bo‘lishining asosiy qonuniyatlarini o‘rganish
bilan seysmologiya deb nomlangan fan shug‘ullanadi. Ushbu fanning turli
masalalari orasida Yerning tuzilishini o‘rganish, zilzilalarning sabablari va
sharoitlarini aniqlash, shuningdek zilzilalarning bino va inshootlarga ta’sirining
tabiati va darajasini baholash, ularning zilzilaga chidamliligini ta’minlash
choralarini ishlab chiqish muhim ahamiyatga ega. Yuqori intensivlikdagi
zilzilalar ko'plab qurbonlar va vayronagarchiliklarga olib keladi. Dinamik
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
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nazariyaga asoslangan dastlabki me’yoriy hujjat (SN-8-57) 1957 yilda qabul
qilingandan keyin, chorak asr mobaynida fanning bu sohasida ulkan ilmiy
tadqiqotlar amalga oshirildi; qator zilzilalar sodir bo‘ldi. Zilzilalar bino loyihasi
va qurilishida yo‘l qo‘yilgan xato va kamchiliklarni ro‘y rost ko‘rsatib
berdi.Bularning hammasi qurilish me’yorlariga tegishli o‘zgartirishlar,
tuzatishlar kiritishga sabab bo‘ldi. 1962 yili qabul qilingan SNIP II-A 12-62 to
1970 yilga qadar qo‘llanishda bo‘ldi. 1970 yil 1iyuldan 1981 yilning 31
dekabrigacha SNIP II -A 12-69 amal qilib keldi.1982 yilning 1 yanvaridan
boshlab,yangi me’yoriy hujjat SNIP II-7 -81 qo‘llanila boshlandi.Ushbu me’yoriy
hujjat O‘zbekistonda 1996 yilga qadar qo‘llanishda bo‘ldi. 1996 yilning 1
martidan e’tiboran O‘zbekiston Respublikasi hududida yangi qurilish me’yorlari
va qoidalari (QMQ 2.01.03- 96) kuchga kirdi. Ushbu rasmiy hujjatning joriy
etilishi munosabati bilan SNIP II -7-81 ning 1,2,3 qismlari va 1,2 ilovalari o‘z
kuchini yo‘qotdi. SHNK 2.01.03-19 “Seysmik hududlarda qurilish” me’yoriy
hujjatning 5 betida zilzilalarning spektrial vaqt xususiyatlariga qarab seysmik
kuchning eng past qiymatlarini ta’minlaydigan konstruktiv sxemalarini qo‘llash
tavsiya etilgan.
Asosiy qism:
Zilzilaga moyil bo‘lgan ma’lum bir hududning mahalliy
sharoitlarini, shu jumladan tuproqlarning fizik dinamik xususiyatlarini, yer
qobig‘ining yuqori qatlamlarining kuchini, relefning xususiyatlarini va seysmik
to‘lqinlarning spektral tarkibi, seysmik xaritalarni tahlil qilishni hisobga olgan
holda ushbu ma’lumotlarni umumlashtirish asosida. rayonlashtirish bilan
tuzilgan va o‘rtacha zamin sharoitida geografik aholi punktlari uchun seysmik
ko‘lamli punktlarida zilzilalar intensivligini ko‘rsatiladi. Akselerogrammalarni
tanlashda adabiyotda mavjud bo'lgan o'tmishdagi zilzilalar yozuvlaridan
foydalanish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Misol tariqasida quyidagi zilzilalar tahlili 1-
jadvalda keltirilgan.
O'tgan zilzilalarning ishlatilgan akselerogrammalarining xususiyatlari
1-jadval
Zilzila
bo’lgan
hudud
Ballar soni
Raqamlashtirish
bosqichi
Davomiyligi
Davrlar
Indeksi
Helena
(Kaliforniya)
216
0.03
6.45
0.25
0.379
Toshkent
286
0.0091
2.59
0.12
0.364
Vernoon
(Kaliforniya)
400
0.02
7.98
0.23
0.261
Gazli
1990
0.005
13.07
0.15
0.272
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1-ram.
Gazlida bo’lgan zilzila akselerogrammasi.
2-ram.
Vernoonda bo’lgan zilzila akselerogrammasi.
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3-ram.
Helenada bo’lgan zilzila akselerogrammasi.
Hozirgi vaqtda zilzila akselerogrammalari bo'yicha bino va inshootlarni
hisoblashda seysmik ta'sirni tayinlash bo'yicha universal tavsiyalar mavjud
emas. Mavjud tadqiqotlar hisob-kitoblarni amalga oshirish uchun o'tmishdagi
zilzilalarning akselerogrammalaridan va turli xil sintetik akselerogrammalardan
foydalaniladi. Ko'rib chiqilgan zilzilalar eng kuchli hisoblanadi. Hozirgi kunda
ushbu zilzila tahlillaridan foydalanish orqali bino va inshootlarni hisoblash
mumkin.
Xulosa.
Bino va inshootlarni seysmik holatini o’rganish bo'yicha tadqiqotlar
tahlili shuni ko'rsatadiki, loyiha jarayonida hududda bo’lib o’tgan zilzilalar
tahlilidan foydalanib binolarni loyihalash binolarni zilzila vaqtida
mustahkamligini ta’minlaydi. Seysmiklik uchun 8 balldan ortiq hududlarda
seymik himoya qurilmalaridan foydalanish maqsadga muvifiqdir.
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