Chemistry

Subject of research: monocrystal samples of silicon of mark КДБ - 2, 5, 10, 100 which have been doped impurity atoms of manganese.
Purpose of work: working out of technology of reception of silicon with nanoclusters impurity atoms of manganese with steer able charging condition status and the magnetic moment, and also research of their properties and definition functional possibility for usage of such materials in modem electronics.
Method of research: electric, photo-electric methods, device of an electron spin resonance (ESR), atomic force and infra-red microscopes were used.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time effects arc found out: it is anomalous high-tcmpcraturc negative magnetoresistance, giant impurity photoconductivity in the field of A.=1,54-8 microns, it is anomalous infra-red quenching of photoconduction. Laws of change obtained effects from size electric arc established and magnetic field, temperatures intensity of lighting.
Practical value: the technology of reception of silicon with nanoclusters atom of manganese steer able charging condition status and concentration is developed. Possibility of creation on the basis of silicon with magnetic nanoclustcrs new type sensitive magnetic sensors, on the basis of NMR and IR photodetectors working is shown at presence enough high levels of background light.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results received in work can be introduced on Open Society "PHOTON" and on chair «Electronics and microelectronics» TSTU in educational process.
Field of application: the microelectronic industry, in area use renewed energy sources.

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity and moderate lethal dose of tannins obtained from the roots and aerial parts of the R. confertus Willd plant. Determination of acute toxicity and the average lethal dose of the samples was carried out according to the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. As a result of the studies, the death of animals in the studied doses did not occur. The tested drugs belong to the IV class of low toxic compounds. LD50 ≥5000 mg / kg.

Objects of research: Catalysts of vinylation of acetic acid in vapor phase. The subject of investigations is identifying the patterns of vinylation of acetic acid in the presence of mixed di- and polyfunctional catalysts.
Aim of the inquiry: Development of active and stable catalysts for vinyl acetate vinylation of acetic acid in vapor phase.
Methods of inquiry: Physico-chemical, chemical, X-ray phase, differentialthermal and chromatographic analysis, and statistical analysis.
The results achieved and their novelty: developed and investigated the properties of new highly stable catalysts for vinylation of acetic acid in vapor phase, based on local raw materials, oxides of zinc, cadmium, and у-АЬО3.
Practical value: developed highly stable catalysts for vinyl acetate vinylation of acetic acid in vapor phase. Designed stable catalysts, more selective, and cheaper.
Degree of embed and economical effictivity: Designed cadmium-zinc-aluminum catalyst for vinylation of acetic acid. The technology of its production. Prepared, coordinated and approved by the regulatory and technical documentation for its production.
Scope of application: Chemical industry.

Every year, more and more food industry enterprises widely use the processing of finished and semi-finished products by shock freezing. Blast freezing and refrigeration with rapid temperature reduction is the best technology for preserving the taste and nutritional qualities of food products, in particular bakery and confectionery products. It minimizes the development of microorganisms during storage and significantly extends the storage period. The transition of bakeries to blast freezing technology will help expand the range of bakery products, diversify the bread basket and increase profitability. [1]

In the objectives of the Development Strategy of new Uzbekistan for 2022-2026, it is noted that the volume of construction and chemical materials production should be doubled, the raw material base should be expanded by involving non-traditional non-metallic raw materials and secondary resources, non-waste technology within the "green economy" should be developed and introduced. Proceeding from the task set in the work methods of regeneration of composite sorption materials (CSM) after use in wastewater treatment, synthesized based on rotor slag of Djizakh battery plant are investigated. The recovery of CWM by thermal regeneration, which is the treatment of the sorbent by steam or gas at 110°-400℃, is shown. High temperature thermal regeneration is considered to be the most intensive method of sorbate desorption.

Subjects of research: 5,6-disubstituted-2,3-polymethylene-3,4-
dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones, condensation products with aldehydes, products of acylation, bromination and oxidation.
Purpose of work: studying of 5,6-dimcthyl-, tri-, tetra-, pcntamcthylcne-2,3-polymethylene-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3 -d]pyrimidinc-4-ones interaction with
benzaldehydes and furfurol, benzoyl chloride, bromine and nitrating acid; revealing of the factors influencing to passing of reactions; search of biologically active substances.
Methods of research: fine organic synthesis, methods of IR-, *H NMR-, l3C NMR- spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry, X-ray, TLC.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time systematic reactions of 5,6-disubstitutcd-2,3-polymethylene-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinc-4-ones with benzaldehydes and furfurol were investigated; the factors influencing to formation of a-arylidcnc- and a-(aryl-, hydroxy)mcthyldcrivatives arc determined. It is found, that interaction with benzoyl chloride yields only a-bcnzoyloxybcnzylidcn derivatives, and bromine - pcrbromidcs, which easy are transform in hydrobromides. It is found out, that CH3 group in position 5 at action of nitrating acid selectively oxidizes up to COOH groups.
Practical value: the advanced method of synthesis of 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-polymethylenethiophenes, tri- and tetracyclic thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinc- 4-ones is developed. The methods of synthesis a-arylidene- and a-(aryl-, hydroxy)mcthyl-, a-bcnzoyloxybcnzylidcn-5,6-disubstitutcd-2,3-polymethylcn-3,4-dihydrothicno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones and 5-carboxy-6-methyl-2,3-tri-, tctramcthylcnc-3,4-dihydrothicno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-oncs by condensation with aldehydes, benzoylation and interaction with nitrating acid of corresponding substrates arc created. Among of the synthesized substances the compounds possess high cytotoxic activity arc found.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: received results with aldehydes, benzoyl chloride, bromine and nitrating acid can be used for others N, S-hctcrocyclic compounds. Among of the synthesized substances the compounds with high cytotoxic activity arc revealed. Economic effectivity - social.
Field of application: organic chemistry, medicine.

Chinni mahsulotlariga bo’lgan talab hozirda tobora ortib bormoqda. Birgina 2022-yilning o‘zida 4 ming tonna atrofida chinni mahsulotlari ishlab chiqarilgan. Chinni idishlar ishlab chiqarish hajmi 2021 yilning mos davriga nisbatan solishtirilganda 22,2 % ga oshgan.
Bugungi kunda jahonda chinnining yuqori ekspluatatsion ko'rsatgichlarga cga turlarini olish uchun massa tarkiblarini va olish tcxnologiyasini ishlab chiqish, sanoat chiqindilarini ishlab chiqarishga qayta qo'llash, badiiy-arxitcktura xossalari va fizik-mcxanik ko'rsatgichlarini yanada yaxshilash, keramik matcriallar olishning zamonaviy tcxnologiya jihozlarini yaratish yo'nalishidagi tadqiqotlar ustida ilmiy ishlar jadallik bilan olib borilmoqda.

The paper studies the physicochemical properties of import-substituted and export-oriented nitrogen, amine and phosphorus new composite inhibitors for corrosion protection of steels as well as scaling obtained from local raw materials and industrial wastes. Inhibiting properties of corrosion and mineral salt deposit accumulation in acid and hydrogen sulfide environments have been determined. It was found that the efficiency of the inhibition process with the use of composite inhibitors in acidic and hydrogen sulfide environments obeys the Langmuir law. The values of activation energy of the adsorption process in these media and thermodynamic values (∆H, ∆S, ∆G).

Topicality and relevance of the subject of the dissertation. Around the world the special attention is paid to the development of the competitive technologies directed to the Development of sensory and technological performance of alcoholic beverages. Advancement of the existing technologies by application of enzymes will give a chance to reduce the content of fusel (higher) alcohols in the content alcoholic beverages and produce export-oriented high-quality product in the Republic.
The identification of enzymes specificity influencing technological process of producing alcoholic beverages, detection of chemical and physical specifications of interaction of immobilized enzymes with their substrates in aqueous-organic environment allows not only to improve biotechnological processes, but also significantly expand our ideas of stabilization of enzymes, a biocatalysis in non-convcntional conditions, and opens applied opportunities which arc not available within traditional studies in water environment. On the practical level for the improvement of sensory performance of alcoholic beverages there is a possibility of reducing of isoamyl alcohol amount, acceleration of maturing of distillates and decrease in losses of ethanol which inevitably takes place at a long ageing.
Meanwhile especially in high demand arc the researches on the use of enzymes in directed changing of the targeted parameters of food products as well as improving the quality, taste, bouquet and technological parameters of alcoholic beverages by enzymatic reduction of the amount of isoamyl alcohol by its binding to alkyl-fructozides and esters, stabilization of enzymes by their immobilization on solid support to ensure their activity and stability in alcoholic environment, rational utilization of reserves and potentiality of yeast cells, controlled cultivation of yeast in the fermentation within multystagc conditions for the formation of enzymes and esters, development of technology of alcoholic beverages production based on the definition of the technological value of enzymes in organic environment as well as their application in directed changing of the targeted parameters and acceleration of maturation of distillates.
Thus, the current research is carried out, in a sense to accomplish the tasks mentioned in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 1633 dated October 31, 2011 «On measures for the further improvement of the management and development of the food industry in the Republic» (2012-2015 years) and № 1937 dated March 13, 2013 «On measures for further improvement of Viticulture in the Republic» (2012-2015 years) and also in other legal documents related to this sphere.
The purpose of the research is the development of technology for the production of stable in alcoholic environment immobilized yeast enzymes and the improvement of the technology of alcoholic beverages production with the their application.
The academic novelty of the research lies in the following:
developed technologies and optimal conditions for obtaining immobilized enzymes, stable in water-organic medium;
defined substrate specificity of isolated enzymes (esterases and yeast invertase) in relation to higher alcohols in an aqueous-organic medium;
developed the optimal technological conditions for application of the obtained immobilized enzyme (invertase and esterases) in conversion of higher alcohols in an alcoholic environment;
indicated reducing of higher alcohols in the content of alcoholic beverages by their transformation into alkylfructozides and esters with the application of immobilized enzymes;
proposed the new technology for changing the profile of the volatile components of alcoholic beverages by using immobilized invertase and esterase;
developed the technology of production of brandy and liquer-vodka products by usage of immobilized yeast enzymes (invertase and esterase).
CONCLUSION
1. The isolated yeast enzymes (invertase and esterase) in a water and alcoholic environment show low transferase and estcr-forming activities, and a conversion of higher alcohols is not performed sufficiently.
2. The substrate specificity of yeast invertase and esterase has been identified. In particular, it was found that the degree of conversion of higher alcohols gets increased with the amount of carbon in the chain Сз<С4<С5. Meanwhile, the spacing OH- groups from the first carbon atom and a carbon chain branching as well as the distance from the secondary carbon atom of the hydroxyl group of alcohol is the criterion "recognition" of the substrate and most likely plays the important role in the enzyme-alcoholic substrates interactions. Invertase and esterase activities arc more isoforms to alcohols, such as isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols. Regarding acid substrates esterase is active with the carboxylic acids C4-C5, and the esterification gets decreased with an increasing amount of carbon in the chain C4 <€5 <C(, <Cg <C|q.
3. A developed technology of the obtaining immobilized yeast invertase, which is based on a covalent immobilization of invertase on a previously chemically modified activated carbon BAU transferase activity with 46 units/mg, was proposed.
4. The research on physical and chemical and kinetic properties of the immobilized yeast invertase in the model system "cthanol-watcr-isoamyl alcohol -sucrose" with an ethanol content of about 40% has shown, that the enzyme immobilization leads to the increased stability of the enzyme in an alcoholic medium. It was revealed that the maximum conversion of isoamyl alcohol (40%) occurs in the model system with ethanol content of about 60%.
5. A developed technology of obtaining immobilized yeast esterase, based on the receipt of esterase covalently immobilized on chemically modified oak granules with ester-forming activity of 16 units/mg, was proposed.
6. The research on physical, chemical and kinetic properties of the immobilized yeast esterase in the model system «ethanol-watcr-cnzymc substrates» with an ethanol content of about 40% has shown, that the immobilization of enzyme leads to the increased stability of the enzyme in an alcoholic medium. It was revealed that the maximum conversion of isoamyl alcohol (48%) occurs in a model system at an initial concentration of isoamyl alcohol together with caproic acid - 30 mM. The immobilized esterase is recommended for the enrichment of alcohol beverages with oenant ethers by means of etherification in the composition of higher alcohols and caproic acids.
7. A method for the processing of an aqueous-alcoholic sorting by the immobilized invertase, providing a reduction in the number of higher alcohols by converting it to alkylfructozids, and way of treatment of distillates by immobilized esterase, allowing it to reduce in the number of fusel alcohols and enrich it with ocnanthic esters, has been elaborated. Thus, there were proposed the optimal parameters of biorcactor with the immobilized enzymes, and a new technology to prepare vodka and brandy was developed.
8. The advanced technology of the alcoholic beverages production using the proposed stable invertase, immobilized on birch activated carbon and the following application conditions, arc developed and offered: water-alcoholic mixture is recommended to be processed by the immobilized invertase at 10 g/L for 12 hours at a temperature of 25 °C.
9. The advanced technology of production of brandy with the proposed stable esterase immobilized on oak granules and the following conditions of use arc developed and proposed: distillate proof of 40% vol. is recommended to be processed by the esterase immobilized at 10 g/L for 48 hours at 30 °C.
10. The application of the received scientific results in the process of brandy production will give an opportunity to accelerate the maturing of distillates, reduce the aging period of distillates by 2 years and annual irreversible losses of distillates at a cost of evaporation, which can occur at a longer aging.

The research objective is obtaining calcium and magnesium chlorate preparation from Navbakhor dolomite and based on it development of novel defoliant technology with complex action by urea and ethylene producer introduction.
The scientific novelty of the thesis research is included in the following:
there have been revealed the possibility of obtaining novel calciummagnesium chlorates preparation based on product of hydrochloric acid decomposition of local raw as “Navbakhor” instead of imported bischofite and principle flowsheet has been developed;
there have been received the data on heterogeneous phase equilibrium in complex aqua systems in presence calcium, magnesium chlorates and chlorides, urea, ethanol, 2-chlorine-cthyl-phosphonate and monocthanolaminc acetate;
their solubility polythcrmic diagram was built by chemical and physicochemical methods;
it was proved that the generation of three novel compounds;
there has been developed the flowsheet for production of complex action defoliant from calcium and magnesium chlorates, urea, ethanol, ethyl acetate monocthanolaminc acetate;
it was established that composition defoliant “Fandef-alo” using chemical and physicochemical methods according 34, 0-36,0%Ca(C103)2+Mg(C103)2, 8,0-10,0%CO(NH2)2, 4,0-8,0% C2H5OH ва 0,2-0,4% C4H8O2 (or CH3COOH NH2C2H4OH).

Subject of the research: hybrid polycaproamidsilica nanocomposite materials based on tetraethoxysilane, polycaproamide and L-lysine hydrochloride.
Purpose of work: one-pot preparation of hybrid polycaproamidsilica nanocomposite materials based on tetraethoxysilane, polycaproamide and L-lysine hydrochloride using “nonaqueous” sol-gel process.
Method of research: optic and electron microscopic, infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance, nitrogen porosimetry, X-ray, thermal analysis and chromatographic methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: new hybrid polycaproamidsilica nanocomposite materials base on tetraethoxysilane, polycaproamide and L-lysine hydrochloride were prepared by one-pot “nonaqueous” sol-gel process. The principal regularities and features in forming of the nanocomposites structure were revealed. The possibility to control the porous structure and functionality was shown by adding alcohols in sol-gel process. The mechanism for structure formation was proposed.
Practical value: consists in possibility to control “nonaqueous” sol-gel process by variation both ratio of basic reagent and added alcohols during synthesis of hybrid polycaproamidsilica nanocomposite materials and the possibility to use obtained hybrid polycaproamidsilica nanocomposite materials in high performance thin-layer chromatography
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: synthesized hybrid polycaproamidsilica nanocomposite materials was approbated at separation of test and complex mixtures of organic compounds in conditions of high performance thin-layer chromatography at the Analytical centre of chemical faculty MSU (Moscow), Scientific-technical centers "Lenchrom" (Sankt-Peterburg), NTTS “Kompozit” (Tashkent) was recommended as sorbent for separation of organic mixtures in practice, that allows to recommend the obtained sorbent for practical application in laboratories of chromatographic methods of the analysis.
Field of application: analytical laboratories of research institutes, medical institutions, medical unit, pharmacological, food-processing industry and etc.

Bugungi kunda to‘yinmagan poliefir smolalar asosida olingan kompozitsion materiallar xalq xo‘jaligining deyarli barcha sohalarida ishlatib kelinmoqda. Bularga misol qilib mashinasozlik, qurilish, kimyoviy texnologiya, lak-bo‘yoq sanoati va boshqa ko‘plab yo‘nalishlarni aytish mumkin. Ular asosida yana uy-ro‘zg‘or buyumlari, santexnika jihozlari, bezak mahsulotlari va boshqa o‘nlab mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarilmoqda.

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Subjects of research: Glass and pirokerams, synthesized on base natural cheese.
Purpose of work: Development pirokeram technical purpose on base natural cheese Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: is Used complex physical, chemical and physicochemical methods, including x-ray graph, thermo-graphic, microscopic, electronic-microscopic, electron-but- probation, others.
The results obtained and their novelty: is Theoretically motivated and experimental is proved efficiency of the use natural sy-paradise Uzbekistan for reception pirokeram with raised function-mi characteristic.
It Is Installed that in to system quartz - a kaolin - dolomite, possible reception alkali less glass capable to controlled amount to crystallizations.
Will Revealled main regularities of the syntheses pirokerams given microstructures and composition on base natural cheese, providing increased chemical stability and wear capability.
Practical value: On base not deficit cheese - a kaolin Angren field, dolomite Guzar field, vein of the quartz Zargara field are received pirokeram finegranular structures mainly piroksen of the composition with toughness on bendability 170-240MPa, alkali fastness 99,20-99,85%, acid-resistance 98,35-99,20%, torment 0,003-0,005 g/sm2.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the developed of glasses and glass ceramics are approved in conditions of “Gazalkent oyna” and industrial enterprise “Sadikov A.S”. Economic benefit from using of 31689960 soums to year.
Field of application: Technology.

This article describes the results of a study of the physico-chemical properties of limestone sand formed as a waste of the technological process at the soda plant, and its effect on the strength of concrete.

Currently, the Republic of Uzbekistan deservedly pays attention to the introduction of inhibitors to protect equipment from corrosion and scaling in production. The use of inhibitors allows several times to increase the service life of expensive equipment. In this regard, the most effective inhibitors of neutral and slightly alkaline media are nitrogen, amine and oxygen-containing organic compounds [1-3] as well as zinc organophosphonic acids, which effectively prevent corrosion and deposits of mineral salts on the surface of equipment.

Subjects of the inquiry: silicate brick and cellular concrete on lime-silica mixture with additive THAL.
Aim of the inquiry: Development scientifically-motivated principle physicchemical and resource saving- technologies of the reception silicate material autoclaving of the repeating over and over again with perfected technician-working characteristic by way of the goal-directed change the mechanism of the processes hydratasionnog interactions component, kineticses of the structurization and morphologies hydrating new formations at hydrotermalno to processing lime-silica systems by introduction thermo- and thermo chemical of the actuated additives of the local origin.
Methods of inquiry: chemical, physico-mechanical (the determination plastic and mechanical toughness), physico-chemical (x-rays phase, DTA, electronic-microscopic, IK-spectroscopic) methods studies, hydrotermalno processing, method of the thermal processing.
The results achieved and their novelty: is Designed scientifically-methodical principles physico-chemical base and resource saving technology of the reception silicate autoclave material by determinations correlation dependencies "structure-characteristic" and regularities hydratasionnog interactions mineral in silicate composition "barhan sand-lime-melted" at hydratasionnog to processing. Because of quick collecting certain portion by Sa(ON)2 alyminat by join process dissolutions of silica speeds up hydraalyminat calcium in saturated lime ambience with formation hydrasilikat lowered and is warned their transition about high main hydra silicates, forming hydra silicates type SSN(ln) are stable in hardening system. Armirovannyy, nitevidnim and voloknnistnimi crystal hydra mineral silicate brick shows the high factors physico-mechanical characteristic, atmosphere- and frost stability.
Due to exception plastic characteristic clinics forming lessee under his(its) thermochemical of the activations with fosfogypsum the process gas of the formation, increases the utilization ratio gas of the formation, grows shorter duration of the process вспучивания, speeds up the structurization, grows shorter time an izotermal aboutgreva gas of the concrete, increases his(its) toughness and frost stability, decreases waterabsorption.
Practical value: enlarges the source of raw materials for production of the silicate building materials autoklavnoy repeating over and over again to account of scale involvement broadly wide-spread in Uzbekistan лессов and lessoseen loam, enormous spare of the departure fosfogypsum, is reached economy of lime, and reduction to duration of their fabrication to account of the using THAL, providing high technician-working characteristic product and design. The Results of the studies served the normative base for development NTD on pilot production of the silicate brick and cellular concrete with use thermo- and THAL, on base which is organized test on issue experienced their party.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The Results of the studies are checked in condition Urgenchskogo ZSM by issue to initial lot of the silicate brick in volume 3460 sht on base lime- silica searched for, with additive 15-20 % TAL. To account spare 4-5 % lime prime cost, on 100 kgs mixture reduction cost silicate mixture forms 2320 sum. that has allowed to get 110720 bags of the economic effect. At translation Urgenchskogo ZSM on issue of the silicate brick with additive TAL expected economic effect will form 41472000 bags/year.
Experienced-industrial test, called on on Dzhizakskom K.SM on issue of the initial lot of the cellular silicate concrete with use THAL has shown that prime cost of the cellular concrete of the recommended composition lower, prime cost of the traditional cellular silicate concrete. Expected economic effect under annual volume of production 64300 m’ silicate cellular concrete with use THAL will form 46937000 bags/year
Sphere of usage: industry of the building materials and formation industry RUz.

The results of determining the strength of granules, hygroscopic point, sorption kinetics of water vapor and sorption moisture capacity of NS-fertilizers obtained by mixing melt ammonium nitrate with powdered natural gypsum (PG) and (NH4)2SO4.

Actuality and claiming of of dissertation theme. In present time in different ranges of economics of countries with intensive development industry prevention of corrosion of metals and elaboration of inhibitors and anticorrosion covers is one of actual and important task. In countries of the world with development chemical and oil-chcmical industry losses from corrosion of metals is equaled 30% from their year production; corrcspondcntly construction and using of inhibitors of corrosion and anticorrosion covers in practices has a very important value.
During of years of independence of Uzbekistan have been introduced programs by introduction of modern technologies in industry. For protection of equipment corrosion inhibitors and anticorrosion covers arc used, with this aim in our country a systematical scientifically investigation by elaboration of new types of inhibitors and anticorrosion covers have been carried out.
In industrial scales influence of inhibitors and anticorrosion covers of polymeric type on corrosion of steel have been investigated with aim of their introduction in practices. Inhibitorial protection of technological equipment and pipelines working in aggressive mediums, increasing of their stability and durability is one of the effective problems.
Inhibitors of corrosion arc used for obtain stable covers and chemical compositions connecting oxygen or some ions; as additions in compositions; curvers in circulating water systems; in oil-chemical and oil-refining industries, any energetically mountings; for protection of microelectronics and modem army technics; they arc added in fuel, building materials. In last time water-soluble high molecular compounds also are used as inhibitors; often they are used for fight with salt- and slamo-dcposits but also they can be used as potential inhibitors of corrosion owing to their low toxicity.
Modem classification of inhibitors has included oxidizers, inhibitors of adsorbsional type complex formating and polymeric types. Such devision has witnessed about variety mechanisms of their action and possibilities of using of achievements of different fields of chemistry for protection of metals from corrosion. The special significance is dewoted to corrosion inhibitors using in water mediums.
In number cases the high role is devoted to anticorrosion covers. Knowledge of theoretical states of corrosion and mechanisms of protection from it has allowed to elaborate of anticorrosion covers with properties of modeled rust. At this great role is devoted to displaccmcat of deficit components by local raw materials -many-tonal waste of oil-fating and chemical industries such as gossipolic resin, cotton soapstock, hydrolyzed lignin.
This dissertation work is oriented on the realization of resolutions of President of Republic Uzbekistan PP-916 from 15 June 2008 year “About additional measures by stimulation of introduction innovational projects and technologies in production” and PP-1071 from 11 March 2009 year “About program of measures by acceleration of constructions and mastering of production of new types of chemical production”.
Aim of investigation. Elaboration of new class of multicomponent inhibitors and anticorrosion covers for effective protection of metals from corrosion and investigation of their physico-chemical properties.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following: determination of protection mechanism elaborated multicomponent inhibitors and anticorrosion covers of new generation and also possibility of formation of self-organizating surface layers;
it was determined that particulitiers of multicomponent inhibitors having a high adsorption on mctalic surface have carried out to marked decreasing of navozajing of steels;
degree of fulfilment of electrod surface, rate of solution of metal, the constant of adsorption equilibrium and coefficient of interaction of components of mixed inhibitors have been determined;
it was determine that phenoment of sinergism has been noted in the presence of high molecular compounds especially strong it has been noted in comparison with low-molccular aliphatical amines what can be explain by differences in mechanisms of action of inhibitors of different chemical nature;
it was proved that treatment of rust surface by covers on the base of gossipolic resin has promoted to modification of corrosion products in hard-soluble stable compounds decreasing of process of metals destruction.
CONCLUSION
1. On the base of systematical fundamental investigation of kinetics of clcctro-chcmical processes and mechanism of inhibition for the first time a number of particulities of inhibitors of different chemical nature have been determined what has allowed to elaborate of scientifically-based approach to elaboration of effective, ecologically safe, economically advisable, import-substituted inhibitors of corrosion of polymeric type on the base of local row-materials; waste and byproducts of chemical, electrochemical and mining-metallurgical industries.
2. It was shown that mechanism of anticorrosion protection by two-componcnts inhibitors of polymeric type containing polyphosphates principally has differed from action of low-molccular inhibitors. Inhibitors on the base of high-molecular compounds have formed complexes with low-molccular components containing in composition of corrosion deposits caused to their condensation and making their low perspicacious for corrosion-active reagents; than adsorption processes have carried out couse to decreasing of growing of phosphate layer owing to which it became less prone, more thin and it’s protection properties have been increased. Amine-containing two-component inhibitors have displaced donor-acceptoral interactions owing to presence of individed electron pair of nitrogen atom of amino-group with atoms of metals but difference in protection action of amines (RNFb) in the presence of polyphosphates can be caused by different degree of fulfillment of steel surface what from positions of local interactions is connected with peculiarities of microrclief of adsorbent surface and value the constant of distribution of adsorbate between of contacting phases.
3. For the first time it was determined that synergism especially strong is noted in the presence of high-molecular compounds (NaPOaVunifloc, Na-jPiO?-unifloc, КадРгОт-Ка-СМС, Na-^Ch-gclatin, Са^РгОу- gelatin in neutral and weak alkaline mediums (pH=7+9) in temperature interval 20+40 °C; also it is necessary to note that synergism at using of different alyphatical amines is less expressed what can be explain by differences in mechanisms of action of inhibitors of different chemical nature. It was shown that inhibitors of polymeric type are effective in neutral, weak acid and weak alkaline mediums while low-molecular inhibitors have caused high inhibition properties only in neutral and weak-acid mediums.
4. By comparison physico-chemical investigations of mechanism of inhibition of corrosion process by inhibitors containing high-molecular components in comparison with low-molccular inhibitors regularity has been determined that in spite of essential differences in mechanisms of their action the coefficient of mutual influence of components, degree of fulfillment of electrode surface and the constant of adsorption equilibrium have the highest values at equimolar ratios of components of inhibitors exceeding in 4 times others ratios in case of inhibitors of polymeric type and in 2 times in case of low molecular inhibitors.
5. It was shown that inhibitors containing polyelectrolytes (which arc surface -active component) have fulfilled role of regulator of rate of electro-precipitating of phosphate-ions on the surface of steel that is to prevent excessive growth of layer of phosphates and to provide it’s uniformity. Than adsorption process has carried out by Lcngmuir with formation of monomolecular nanolayer. In case of low molecular inhibitors different mechanism is realized which is bonded with
constant of distribution of amino compounds between solid and liquied phases on the border of their division.
6. Thermo-dynamical calculations of the effective energy of activation of metals corrosion AGeff, for polymeric and low-molccular inhibitors have shown that high negative values of this parameter have indicated on affcctivity of mixed inhibitors containing in their composition high molecular compounds. Investigations of concentration dependence of AGeff have allowed to determine optimal concentration range of inhibitors.
7. By electrochemical and elcctro-microscopical investigations it was determined that adsorption of aliphatical amines on the surface of steel from liquid phase has carried out considerably slower and is characterized by more reversibility in comparison with adsorption on the ferrum phosphate.
8. Technologies drawing of obtained of anticorrosion covers on the base of GR on procorrosiating surface have been elaborated. It was shown that covers on the base of GR can be used as modificators of rust and priming material for friable rust surfaces: they were tested on industrial objects and also they were introduced in practice of laboratories of AS “Almalik GMC”. For increasing of protection properties of modified layer of rust or for decoration works it is possible to draw lacquer painted surfaces on the any base on the treated surfaces of metals.
9. Physico-chemical parameters of process of electro-chemical corrosion of steel in presence of elaborated inhibitors in dependence on their composition, concentration, pH of medium, temperature were determined. Also optimal conditions providing a maximal protection have been determined. Comparison of inhibitoral ability of elaborated inhibitors has shown that at pH=5-r9 and temperature interval 204-80 °C two-component inhibitors (NaPOj)n-unifloc and Na4P2C>7-gelatin have the best protection properties. Application of elaborated inhibitors of corrosion has decreased chemical and electro-chemical constituting’s of metals corrosion in technological mediums. Effectivity of inhibition has been equaled to 97,63 % at temperature 50 °C owing to formation of continuous passiving films on the surface of metals. At this rate of corrosion of equipment has decreased to normative values. It was shown that protective effect of elaborated inhibitors on the base of waste production and local materials has exceeded to 5% in comparison with importing expensive inhibitors. Elaborated inhibitors were tested and introduced in practics of AO “Navoiazot”.

Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. One of the actual problems of modern physical chemistry and macromolecular chemistry is the study on the development of the fundamentals of synthesis of functional polymers with ion-exchange and complexing properties.
Anion exchange and complexing compounds based fibrous materials have a high specific surface area, which provides a high possibility of sorption and desorption processes. They arc especially effective in removing toxic substances, even at very low content of the latter from the air and water pollution. Of particular interest is the acrylic fiber "Nitron", which is produced by JSC "Navoiazot" (Uzbekistan).
In the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry conducted research on the development of fibrous ion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" but they have not been brought to its logical end. In addition, when these studies neglected the study of the physicochemical aspects of the preparation of these materials.
In developing the fundamentals of ion exchange materials obtaining a lot of attention paid to the study of physical and chemical aspects of the synthesis and properties of these high-molecular compounds. These studies due to the fact that they allow you to adjust the processes of synthesis and, therefore, necessary to obtain polymers with required composition and with complex specific properties.
As noted above, to date, no attention was paid to the study of the physicochemical foundations of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons, due to applied research conducted to date in this field of research. In this regard, the study of physical and chemical principles of bases of creation, and the properties of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" arc actual both from a theoretical and practical point of view.
Demand perform of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that modern worldwide technology for extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals can not be realized without the use of ion-exchange materials. These techniques use mostly granular sorbents, while fibrous sorbents comprise just 2-3 % of the ion exchange materials used . Using technology employing ion exchange material from algae and natural brine deposits of oil and gas recovered to 90% of iodine and bromine, lodinc-containing sorbents arc used for disinfection of drinking water from microorganisms and extraction of mercury from wastewater and gas emissions. They can be used for concentrating the processing solutions and biologically active substances in the preparation of catalyst systems nanoparticles metals. It should also be noted that Uzbekistan hitherto not been established as industrial manufacture granular and fibrous sorbents, although such polymers arc widely used in industry.
The purpose of this study is to identify the physico- chemical characteristics of the formation and properties of anion exchangers polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber " Nitron ".
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
in the first time studied the kinetics of the interaction of acrylic fiber "Nitron" with nitrogen-containing bases in aqueous and organic media;
shown that due to the high surface area fibers arc modifiable , the reaction rate depends on the concentration of the nitrile groups of the polymer being in the solid surface;
proved previously identified mechanism of the catalytic action of small amounts of hydroxylaminc on the process of modifying of fiber " Nitron " with nitrogen-containing bases;
in the first lime developed a method for producing anion exchangers branched structure by sequential treatment of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with cthylcncdiaminc and dichlorocthanc;
found that the interaction of PAN - fibers with hcxamcthylcnc- and ethylene diamines formed anion exchange fibrous materials having in its composition as a weakly basic and strongly basic functional groups ;
in the first time obtained new polycomplcxons with ampholytic properties by reacting maleic anhydride with amine -modified polyacrylonitrile fiber " Nitron " or by hydrolysis of residual of the nitrile groups modified with diamines of acrylic fiber "Nitron";
established values of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of adsorption of ions Cr (VI), Си (II), halogens, Arsenazo (III) by synthesized anion exchangers and polycomplcxons and alteration in thermodynamic functions of the process testify to high sorption capacity of these ion-exchange materials with respect to the sorption ions;
Conclusion
1. Values degree reaction of the nitrile group and a nitrogenous base, the activation energy of the process shows that the process of modifying fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases subject to the usual regularities observed in homogeneous reactions. This effect is due to a high fiber surface area to be modified, allowing the reactants to facilitate access to the nitrile groups of the polymer. (Physical chemistry, High molecular compounds).
2. Kinetic studies of the reaction of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with diamine (hexamethylene and ethylenediamine) showed that the change of physical and chemical parameters of the modification process can be controlled sorption properties, chemical resistance and the strength of the anion exchangers due to network structure of the polymer. It has been established that this modification "Nitron" produces strongly basic anion character especially in organic media. Strongly basic anion exchangers possibility of obtaining a high sorption capacity with graft polycthylcnpolyaminc chain reactions revealed in fiber modification "Nitron " ethylenediamine in the presence of dichloroethane. (High molecular compounds, Physical chemistry ).
3. IR - spectroscopic and analytical determination of the formation of intermediate amidoxime groups in the polymer chains and free hydroxylaminc after substitution reaction proved previously proposed mechanism of the catalytic action of hydroxylaminc on the process of chemical modification of acrylic fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases . ( Physical Chemistry).
4. Developed conditions of synthesis polycomplcxons reacting maleic anhydride with modified by hcxamcthylcncdiaminc acrylic fiber "Nitron" and with of hydrolysis of residual nitrile groups modified by hcxamcthylcnc- and cthylcncdiamin of acrylic fibers . (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).
5. Alkalinity obtained anion exchange resins depends on the nature of their functional groups. Strongly basic anion exchangers have in their composition cyclic amidine groups and they arc formed by the reaction of polyacrylonitrile fiber with a diamine. The specific surface area obtained fibrous sorbents exceeds by two orders of known surface area granular ion exchange resins, and their crosslinking rate is up to 100 nodes per macromolecule polymer. ( Physical Chemistry )
6. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the sorption of various inorganic and organic ions obtained polycomplcxons sorbents showed that ions of Cr (VI), Arsenazo (111) can be sorbed strongly basic anion exchangers only, and the process of sorption of copper (II) with polycomplcxons occurs not only due to the ion exchange, but also due to chelation. ( Physical Chemistry ).
7. Developed the conditions obtaining bromide complexes of polymers and kinetics, thermodynamics of the sorption halogen anion in synthesized materials was studied. It is shown that the lower the stability of the ion [Bn]’ for ion [J3]'than the ability to form such molecular chlorine ions leads to the fact that almost no molecular chlorine is adsorption, and molecular bromine is absorbed to a lesser extent than the molecular iodine. (Physical Chemistry ).
8. Combined developed iodinated anion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber " Nitron " and chitosan. Insertion of the iodinc-containing chitosan materials, leads to an increase of absorbent capacity. Combined antibacterial dressings have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect, arc effective for the treatment of necrotic soft tissue diseases. (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).

Subjects of the inquiry: ammonium, sodium of rodanides, chlorates of sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphates of mono-, di- and thrcctanolammonium.
Aim of the inquiry: a physical-chemical substantiation and development of the basic technological circuit of reception with an establishment of optimum parameters of manufacture effective and softly working new defoliants on a basis chlorates of sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphates of mono-, di- and thrcctanolammonium, CMD.
Method of inquiry: visual - polithcrmic, chemical, radiographic, IR-spcctroscopic, dcrivatographic analysis.
The results achieved and their novelty: the author for the first time carries out regular researches using the method of solubility. Scientific data on solubility and character of firm phases in 11 systems consisting of water, chlorates of sodium, calcium, chloride -chlorate magnesium, rodanides of sodium and ammonium, phosphates of mono-, di- and thrcctanolammonium arc received.
It is revealed, that between components of systems there arc exchange reactions to formation of chlorates of ammonium, mono-, di-and thrcathanolamines, rodanides of sodium, magnesium and little soluble salts of phosphates of calcium and magnesium.
The optimum technological parameters of manufacture liquid highly effective defoliants arc established.
Practical value: technologies of reception new highly effective soft action defoliants of cotton arc created. The basic technological circuits of reception effective liquid defoliants arc offered.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the offered technologies arc tested on the integrated laboratory installation and operating time of their experimental batches of defoliants. The experiments on the fields have shown their high efficiency and "softness" of action on plants. The processing of 1 ha by offered defoliants is 2508 sum cheaper in comparison with liquid chlorate magnesium defoliant.
Sphere of usage: the enterprise of the State joint-stock company "Uzkimyosanoat", agriculture.

Subject of research: natural gas, air, gas career - nitrogen, inert gas - helium, keramzite, catalyst, calcium monocarbide, methane, ethylene, acetylene, hydrogen, carbon mono-oxide.
Purpose of work: to base the oxidative coupling of methane thermody-namicly to study kinetic law in the differential reactor condition and to model and to optimize the process on the basis of the obtained results.
Methods of research: thermodynamic calculations, kinetic calculations, gas-chromatography, statistical methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: kinetic regularities of the oxidative coupling (condesation) of methane in the differential reactor conditions have been studied and on the basis of recommended equations reaction mechanism was established. The optimal conditions of the process were elaborated.
Practical value: the obtained results give chance to increase the conversion degree of methane to C2-hydrocarbons, catalysts selectivity and elaborate the system of automatic control of the process.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the elaborated method and kinetic models will give chance to synthesis of valuable product ethylene by one-stage process.
Field of application: physical chemistry, kinetics and catalysis, petroleumgas chemistry.

Диссертация мавзусининг долзарблиги ва зарурияти. Бугунги кунда жахонда тез ривожланаётган фотоника соҳасида истиқболли йўналишлардан бири органик бўёқларнинг эритмалардаги физик ва кимёвий хусусиятлари бўйича тадкикот ишлари хисобланади. Бу сохада органик бўёклар молекулаларининг эритмаларда, плёнкаларда ва полимер матрицадаги ўзаро таъсирини ўрганиш, бўёкларнинг фотофизик ва фотокимёвий хусусиятларини хамда уларнинг эритувчи ва биологик объектлар билан ўзаро таъсири табиатини ўрганишда спектроскопия ва люминесцент усулларни ривожлантириш истиқболли йўналишлардан бири ҳисобланади.

The article presents the chemical composition, structure of petroleum coke and its application. The scope and purpose are reflected in detail.

Objects of research: the process to extractions cotton cake in wighted condition.
The purpose of work: perfection of process of extraction of oil from cottonseed conditions of wighted layer state.
Method of research: multistage system analysis, mathematical modeling, optimization, methods of the undertaking experiment and measurements physical parameter process.
The received results and their novelty: it is motivated advanced process to extractions in weighted layer cotton oil cake on base of mathematical modeling and optimization; on base called on experience spread of time extractions cotton oil cake is found depending on diameter of the particles and in intercoupling with number of the steps, working in counterflow mode; the factor to diffusions cotton oil cake in process of the extractions in weighted condition is determined with use the mathematical model and experiment (D=4,510',n м/с); the founded decision of the practical problem in much step to optimization of the process to extractions cotton oil cake in weighted condition; they are determined optimum factors acting factor of the process to extractions in weighted layer (the number of the steps of the installation N=5, diameter each step installation £>= 0,655 m, diameter of the particles cotton oil cake d =1,5mm.... 3,5mm).
Practical value: it is recommended to use the resource- and energy saving high efficient of the installation, for fats and oil of industry instead of bulky, road, resource- and power-hungry, not meeting the demands to modern device.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: laboratory installation practiced in laboratory JV «Tashkent fats and oil» and Tashkent chemical-technological institute. Expected economic effect from introduction offered industrial installation will form 157,6 mln. sum per year.
Field of application: fats and oil industry.

Tovuq patlari parrandachilik sanoatining katta hajmli va muammoli chiqindi mahsuloti bo'lib, asosan keratindan iborat va patlar tegishli ravishda gidrolizlangan bo'lsa, oqsil manbai sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin hisoblanadi. Keratinning asosiy qobiliyati inson hujayrasining korteksini jarohatlardan himoya qilishdir. Bunday omillar, masalan, issiqlik, kundalik parvarishlash va kimyoviy moddalar bilan bog'liq. Gidrolizlangan keratinni topikal qo'llash terining moslashuvchanligi va namlanishida sezilarli o'sishni beradi. Uning namlovchi xususiyati tufayli keratin shampunlar va konditsionerlarga qo'shiladi, soch to'kilishini yashiradi va bunday mahsulotlar sochni qalinlashtiruvchi vosita hisoblanadi [1]. Protein gidrolizatlari sochlarni mukammal tiklaydi va parvarish qiladi. Bu dinamik peptidlar tuzatuvchi va konditsioner moddalardir. Soch iplarini mustahkamlash, tolaning parchalanishini kuchaytirish va kamaytirish kabi afzalliklarga ega. Bundan tashqari, terida sochni tiklash vositalarining bir qismi va sochlarga ranglarni bir xilda saqlashga yordam beruvchi sifatida ishlatiladi. Tovuq patlari keratin va aminokislotalarni o'z ichiga olganligi sababli, ularning gidrolizatlar sochni davolashda va terini davolashda ishlatilishi mumkin. Keratinlar eng ko'p tarqalgan strukturaviy oqsildir.