CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2767-3758)
https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps
14
VOLUME:
Vol.06 Issue05 2025
10.37547/philological-crjps-06-05-04
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The Problem of Maful In Arabic And Their Division into
Types
Isamutdinov Azizbek
Senior Lecturer, Department of Oriental Languages, Oriental University, Uzbekistan
Received:
20 March 2025
Accepted:
16 April 2025
Published:
18 May 2025
INTRODUCTION
In Arabic grammar, one of the important rules for clearly
understanding the meaning of a sentence is the secondary
parts of the sentence that are in formal inflectional
agreement. Meanwhile, in Uzbek grammar, words in
inflectional agreement always answer the question of
Who? What? Where?, in Arabic grammar, nouns in
inflectional agreement are not always the answer to such
questions. In Arabic, there are types of nouns that are in
formal inflectional agreement. Mahmud az-Zamakhshari
divides them into the following types in his book “al-
Unmuzaj fi-n-new”:
ةسمخ وه و لوعفملا وه لصلااف .هب قحلم و لصا :نيبرض يلع تابوصنملا
برضا ةعبس هب قحلملاو برضا
“Nouns in the Tushum agreement are of two types: original
and similar names”.
a) The nouns in the original accusative case are “mafʼul”.
They are of five types:
1) قلتملا لوعفملا – ʼal-mafʼuulu-l-mutlaqu – “Absolute
accusative”;
2) هب لوعفملا – ʼal-mafʼuulu bihi – “Indirect complement”;
3) هيف لوعفملا – ʼal-mafʼuulu fiyhi – “Place-place case”;
4) هعم لوعفملا – ʼal-mafʼuulu maʼhu – “Joint complement”;
5) هل لوعفملا – ʼal-mafʼuulu lahu – “Cause, purpose case”.
b) The nouns in the original accusative case are of seven
types:
1) لاحلأ – al-hal – “State case”;
ABSTRACT
This article comprehensively discusses the concept of maful, one of the important syntactic units of the Arabic language, and the
issue of its division into types. In Arabic grammar, maful is an element that receives the direct or indirect effect of the v erb and
is one of the main components of a sentence. The correct definition and use of maful is of great importance in the correct
understanding and translation of Arabic texts.
The article first presents the lexical and terminological meanings of the concept of maful. Then, their main types – mafʼul bih
(direct object), mafʼul fīhiy (time and place), mafʼul li-ajlih (cause), mafʼul maʼu (accompanying) and mafʼul mutlaq
(independent) – are explained separately. Simple examples are given for each type, and their relationship with the verb and their
syntactic position in the sentence is analyzed.
Keywords:
mafʼul, syntax, ʼal-mafʼuulu-l-mutlaqu, ʼal-mafʼuulu bihi, ʼal-mafʼuulu fiyhi, ʼal-mafʼuulu maʼu, ʼal-mafʼuulu lahu.
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2767-3758)
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2) ديهاشتلأ – at-tamyiz – “Restriction”;
3) ينثتسملا – al-mustasna – “Exception”;
4) “
ناك
”
باب يفربخلأ
– the participle in the chapter “ناك”
(kana);
5) “
نا
”
باب يف مسلاأ
– the noun in the chapter “ نا” (inna);
6)
سنجلا يفنل
“
لا
”
مسا
– the noun “la” linafyi-l-jins “لا” is the
possessive that comes after the absolute negative charge;
7) “
سيل
”
ينعمب
“
لا
”
و
“
ام
”
ربخ
– the participle of the sentence
that includes the negative charges “ام” and “لا” that come
in the meaning of “سيل” in the sense of “سيل” .
However, in Arabic grammar books, mafuls are called in
different forms and with different terms. For example,
there is a contradiction in the opinions of representatives of
the Basra and Kufa schools of linguistics.
Basra grammarians divide mafuls into five types, namely
maful bihi, maful mutlaq, maful maahu, maful fiyhi, and
maful lahu .
Among the grammarians, Sayrafi considers the maf’ul to
be six, introduces the term “maf'ul minhu” as the sixth, and
gives as an example the sentence موقلا نم يأ ،موقلا اديز ترتخا
– “I chose Zayd from the people”.
al-Jawhari also mentions a seventh of the maf'ul, calling it
“maf'ul duwnahu”, and gives as an example the word
“Zayd” in the sentence اديز لاإ موقلا ماق – “The people stood,
except Zayd”. This is called “mustasno” by grammarians.
Many grammarians place the maf'ul bihi before the other
maf’uls. The reason for this is mainly the confusion
between the foil (the possessor of a sentence that begins
with a verb) and the maf’ul bihi .
The grammarians of Kufa, on the other hand, argue that
there is only one maf'ul (complement) of the verb, which
is “maf’ul bihi”, and that the rest are not maf'ul, but
“mushabbah bil maf’ul”, that is, similar to maf’ul.
Among the grammarians, Ibn Siraj places the maf'ul
mutlaq as the first of the maf’uls.
Ibn Ya’ish also places the maf'ul mutlaq as a true maf'ul,
because the foil (the doer) brings the masdar (the name of
the action) from non-existence to existence, that is, into
existence. Therefore, the real verb is this, regardless of
whether the verb is transitive or intransitive. For example:
اًب ْرَض اًديز ُتبرض – “I hit Zayd (definitely)”, اًمايِق ٌديز ماق –
“Zayd (definitely) stood”. The other verbs do not have this
feature, he says.
In grammarians’ classification of verbs into types, in
determining which of them are real verbs, and in the
differences of opinion on this matter, two aspects play an
important role:
1) which of the verbs is performed by the subject in real
reality;
2) how closely the verbs are related to the verb.
Clarifying this issue requires considering each of the verbs
separately, one by one.
In conclusion, it can be said that the concept of verb
occupies a special place in the syntax of the Arabic
language. This article has covered the lexical and
terminological meaning of the verb, its function in a
sentence, and the grammatical and semantic characteristics
of its types. As can be seen from the analysis, each type of
verb – verb bih, verb fihiy, verb li-ajlih, verb maahu, and
verb mutlaq – is defined by specific questions and tasks
and is in a strong syntactic relationship with the verb.
Correctly identifying verbs serves not only to construct
grammatically correct sentences but also to fully
understand the meaning of the text. Identifying verbs is
especially important in the correct analysis of classical
literary texts. Therefore, perfect knowledge of verb types
in the study of the Arabic language is one of the necessary
knowledge for linguists, translators, and students of
religious sources.
In conclusion, verbs in the Arabic language are not only a
grammatical unit but also a tool that reveals the rich
semantic possibilities of the language. In the future, there
are prospects for a deeper study of this topic and an
analysis of the concepts based on modern linguistic
approaches.
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