Vol. 4 No. 11 (2023): Volume 04 Issue 11

This article explores the influence of Persian language and culture on the text, focusing on the use of calque and its impact on the overall meaning and interpretation of the work. Through a thorough analysis of the text, the article identifies and discusses various instances of Persian calque in "Kutadgu Bilig". Examples of calque are provided, highlighting their significance in shaping the linguistic and cultural landscape of the work. The article also explores the reasons behind the incorporation of Persian calque, such as the historical and cultural context of the time when the work was written.

The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the linguistic and cultural influences on "Kutadgu Bilig" and shed light on the broader literary and historical context in which the work was created. By examining the presence of Persian calques in "Kutadgu Bilig," this article aims to unravel the intricate relationship between the Turkic and Persian languages during the time of its composition. It seeks to analyze the linguistic, cultural, and historical factors that led to the inclusion of these calques and their impact on the overall narrative and themes of the work.

This article examines the functionality of antonyms in the Uzbek language based on works of fiction. Antonyms as words with opposite meanings have become the subject of linguistic analysis relatively recently, and interest in the study of Uzbek antonymy is growing noticeably, as evidenced by the emergence of several special linguistic studies on antonymy, however, it should be noted that in the Uzbek language the problem of antonyms and antonymy is less developed than in the Russian language.

The article is focused on the analysis of exclamatory words as means creating pragmatic barrier in Uzbek-Turkish communicative cultures. It was stated that such cases referring to the facts that exclamations have peculiarities as national-cultural language units, a translator should have individual strategy and does not know the target and original languages perfectly, may cause pragmatic barriers.

The article is devoted to introducing students in the process of learning Arabic to the speech etiquette of Arabs as an element of developing students' knowledge and skills in using linguistic and regional information about the countries of the language being studied.

In this article, E. Shukur’s poems pay special attention to the repetition of syntactic units based on examples from the poet’s poems. By often resorting to syntactic repetition, the poet imposed the meaning of emphasis on them, as a result, they achieved impressiveness. This served to express artistry in his poems.

In the literature of the peoples of the world, the problem of society and man is always a leading theme. In the works created based on this aspect, a person’s alienation from society, isolation from people, and living alone are reflected in a tragic manner. In fact, there are two aspects of loneliness: first, one loses one’s identity, and second, one realizes one’s identity. In world literature, the theme of loneliness is interpreted as a positive and negative phenomenon.

This research delves into the multifaceted phenomenon of code-crossing within Indonesian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, exploring the patterns, motivations, and implications of language mixing and switching. Utilizing a qualitative approach involving extensive classroom observations, participant interviews, and content analysis, the study unveils the dynamic linguistic crossroads where multiple languages converge. The findings offer nuanced insights into the frequency and contextual nuances of code-crossing, providing a comprehensive understanding of its role in shaping communication strategies and language learning experiences. By navigating this linguistic crossroads, the research contributes to the broader discourse on sociolinguistics, language education, and communication strategies within EFL instructional settings.