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MODERN LOGISTICS SYSTEMS FOR AUTO PARTS SUPPLY
L Kadrkhuja Boboev,
Deputy dean, (PhD),
Tashkent State University of Economics
Abstract.
The thesis discusses new expansions in the development of logistics
and approaches to industrial growth during the evolution from a linear to a circular
economic model. It shows how processes in production systems, logistics and services
are organized and play a role in driving sustainable green growth.
Keywords:
current trends, logistics, spare parts, globalization.
Modern trends in automotive industry show that to ensure the
competitiveness of business it is necessary to have a developed logistic system.
Such system is a basis for interaction between production and service systems in
implementation of principles of circular economics and green technologies. If it
concerns the organization of effective delivery of spare parts, firstly such tasks, as
the choice of delivery mode, transportation mode, as well as the best route
selection should be considered and solved. Since transportation of automotive
spare parts is a very complex process, decisions are often made under condition
of incomplete information. In order to identify all significant factors, the complete,
relevant and adequate information, as well as the application of tools and
methods of its processing and analysis is needed. Multicriteria analysis methods,
online analytical processing technologies, simulation, as well as the elements of
situational management have to be used to make final managerial decision. In
addition, since any error in supply chain management can lead to financial, time
and other losses, methods of risk analysis and management have to be used.
Managerial decisions in complex systems must be comprehensive, consistent and
scientifically based. Therefore, it is proposed to create a Decision Support System
(DSS) consisting of modules, each of which will perform its function using all of
the above methods. In developing acceptable variants of logistic chains, Vehicle
Routing Problem takes an important place. It is especially important in transition
to green logistic, because in this case factors that influence on ecological situation
are also added to a wide range of factors that need to be considered when routing
and scheduling. In various studies, such factors as speed, weighted load, traffic
load on the route and their complex influence on different objective functions
(apart from such usual ones as logistics operating costs and transportation time):
either fuel consumption, total CO2 emissions, or their combi-nations were
considered. The paper provides decision support methodology that unites
network science, green logistics and transportation accessibility research. A
detailed presentation and description of studies that consider the problem of
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“green”
vehicles routing can be found in the research. In planning spare parts
delivery reasonable transportation mode selection is a priority task. The authors
of the article have considered such alternatives as rail, truck and air mode of
transport, but this study does not consider the possible options for intermodal
transportation. At the same time, globalization lengthens supply chains so that
companies tend to expand their production patterns offshore or source from
more distant locations, the use of intermodal transport can provide cost effective
solutions for long distance transport needs of supply chains, as well as for reverse
logistics. Moreover, the use of terminal transportation will reduce overruns and
minimize concentration of harmful emissions along the main roads due to
breaking up the delivery lots into smaller units. Intermodal transportation can
ensure the benefits of each mode of transport used in supply chain. However, in
this case companies face such problems as lack of coordination at various
intermodal transfer points, causing delays. That is why intermodal technologies
not only include physical movement and terminal handling technologies but also
cover information and communication technologies required for coordination.
Moreover, the use of different modes of transport for one shipment requires
technical solutions for fast transfers from one vehicle to another. There are
several different technologies for solving this problem. They are containerization,
swap bodies, the so-called KAMATEYNER (project of the plant KAMAZ), etc. The
widespread of the Internet of Things and additive technologies can make
significant changes both to production logistics and to supply chain management.
According to Gartner Inc. (NYSE: IT), a leader in the sphere of information
technologies researches, the impact of Industry 4.0 on supply chain management
will subsequently show itself in four key aspects:
−
creation of intelligent factories (production) based on flexible automated
processes. Such enterprises will be integrated with each of
stakeholders’
groups
and will cover each of the stages of product life cycle;
−
virtual production on the basis of Internet of Services, requiring the
creation of new business models, changing the existing design of supply chains;
−
predictive analysis based on Big Data, which will allow flexibly managing
all the processes, not just the production lines themselves;
−
usage of intelligent production, in which the complexity of machines and
technologies will require focusing on
employee’s
knowledge, skills and
engineering excellence at every stage of supply chain.
Identification of inventory items, which makes it traceable in the
production process and the entire supply chain, is the most important task of
Industry 4.0. This allows determining the responsibilities of each participant of
supply chain and production process, as well as ensuring return or recall defect
product. Another opportunity to satisfy the increasing demands of consumers for
environmental friendliness and
product’s
safety is reliable and objective
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information on the origin of components (raw materials) and its constituents,
which can be implemented using
“smart
chips”.
Thus, according to all forecasts
and estimates, the impact of neo industrialization on supply chain management
and logistics as a whole will be very significant.
