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THE DISCOVERIES THAT HELD ON ANIMALS IN TESTING MEDICAL
TREATMENTS AND NEW DRUGS
Mirsobitova M.M., 120 group, 1
st
Pediatric faculty
Scientific advisor: Davletyarova N.I.
TashPMI, Foreign languages department
Introduction.
According to the research that was conducted by the World Health
Organization, millions of animals are used for scientific and commercial testing. Research on living
animals has been started in ancient times. Descriptions of the dissection of live animals have been
found in ancient Greek writings from as early as circa 500 BC. Physician-scientists such as Aristotle,
Herophilus, and Erasistratus performed the experiments to discover the functions of living
organisms. Furthermore, some of the experimentation conducted on animals today is required by
law.
Purpose of work.
Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of
medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial,
and health care uses. Besides testing on animals also serves to protect consumers, workers and the
environment from the harmful effects of chemicals. All chemicals for commercial or personal use
must be tested so that their effect on the people and animals exposed to them is understood. The
purpose of this article is to raise some points for an understanding of the ethics of using animals in
scientific medical experiments. Various positions from scientific and moral perspectives establishing
different ways of viewing animals will be presented in this work
Material and methods.
By analyzing animal models, scientists can learn what causes disease
as well as how it develops and what aspects of genetics, the environment or diet contribute to the
development of the disease. For this research, many different types of animals are used like mice,
rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, monkeys, primates and dogs. While there are differences, we know that the
main biological div systems work in the same way in all mammals. The reproductive, endocrine
and cardiovascular and the central nervous systems all have a very similar structure and function. It
worth’s to mention that mice are a common animal model in animal testing procedures. The main
reason for this is mice share over 90% of their genes with humans. During the animal
experimentation, the animals are often put into restraining tubes or other types of restraints so they
have no way of escaping the pain. They generally perform Vivisection (cutting up of a living animal)
animals are dissected, infected with diseases. For practically every known human disease, researchers
attempt to induce similar aspects of the disease in animals to create an animal "model" of that disease.
Supposedly predictive, animals are used to discover and quantify the impact of a treatment, whether
this is to cure a disease or to assess the toxicity of a chemical compound." This is how animals are
"used in the context of drug testing and studying human disease. Areas of disease research involving
animals include neurological, infectious, digestive, genetic, connective tissue, and chronic diseases.
In these areas, animals are used as models of traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, congenital
blindness, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, AIDS, diabetes, cancer, obesity, and so on.
Results.
The results that based on facts have shown that animal experimentation is typically
defended by arguments that it is reliable, that animal, especially mice provide sufficiently good
models of human biology and diseases to yield relevant information, and that, consequently, its use
provides major human health benefits. According to research results that were conducted by
Michigan University Professors, the success rate of using mice in medical treatments and anti-cancer
vaccines accumulated for 92 and 90 percentages, respectively. Only in almost 10 percent cases, the
test results faced to failure.
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Findings.
As a result of the discoveries conducted by scientists and doctors on different kinds
of mammals, humanity was able to increase the safety of new remedies and medical treatments. It
worth mentioning that, despite the failure rate made up almost 10 percentage, we were able to save
and even cure 90 percent of people.
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