DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
44
THE IDEA OF VALUE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN GENERAL
AXIOLOGY
Khudaykulova Zarifa Ummatkulovna
Teacher at Gulistan State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14540465
Abstract.
This article discusses the idea of value and its development in
general axiology. An analysis of the views of Eastern and Western scholars is
presented.
Key words and phrases
: value, axiological concepts, objective-idealistic
theory, subjective-idealistic theory, social concept, transcendentalism,
ontologism
Axiology is an independent branch of philosophy. This concept is
interpreted differently in the literature:
In the Philosophical Dictionary edited by ITFrolova (1986), axiology is
defined as the philosophical study of the nature of values. Axiology emerged in
Western philosophy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as an attempt to
resolve some of the complex issues of the general "problem of values."
In "Philosophy: Dictionary" (2004), edited by Qiyomiddin Nazarov,
"axiology" is defined as a system of knowledge about values, accumulated on the
basis of axiological consciousness, a sense of appreciation, axiological
knowledge, a value-based approach, etc.
In the Modern Philosophical Dictionary (1998), edited by V.Ye. Kemerov,
the concept of "axiology" is defined as the doctrine of the forms and methods of
value projection of a person's vital aspirations for the future, the ability to find a
purpose for the present life, the past, and the general significance of justifying or
condemning.
The concept of axiology appeared later than the doctrine of values and
values. This concept was introduced into science in the second half of the 19th
century by the German value theorist Eduard Hartmann and the French scientist
P. Lapis.
of value
is noted in a special philosophical dictionary as having emerged in
the 1960s. In the 5th volume of the Philosophical Dictionary, value is defined as
follows: “Value is a philosophical and sociological concept. It expresses, firstly ,
the positive and negative value of an object, and secondly , the normatively
determining evaluative aspect of social consciousness (subjective values or
values of consciousness).”
" Values and Social Development", it is emphasized that "When we say
values, we should understand the set of natural and social blessings and
DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
45
phenomena that serve the interests and goals of nations, peoples, and social
groups that are significant for humans and humanity, and therefore are valued
and appreciated by them."
The "Mustaquillik Explanatory Scientific and Popular Literature" defines
"values as a complex of people, relationships, situations, material things and
spiritual wealth that are valued, respected, respected, influential, and important
among people in society."
In "Philosophy: Dictionary" (2004), edited by Qiyomiddin Nazarov, it is
defined as "Value is a philosophical-sociological and axiological concept used to
indicate the universal, socio-moral, cultural-spiritual significance of certain
phenomena in reality."
The origin of the concept of value shows that it combines three main
features: a description of a person's practical and emotional attitude to the
assessment of things and phenomena; a description of moral categories that
determine the psychological characteristics of a person; a description of social
phenomena that characterize relationships between people. The development of
the concept of "value" makes it possible to conditionally distinguish different
manifestations of values (economic, psychological, moral, aesthetic, cognitive,
social), to understand human nature, the mechanisms of his desire for
knowledge, and to identify the driving forces of cognitive activity.
Currently, various axiological trends are increasing, which interpret the
nature of value in different ways. Conditionally, the following types of
axiological concepts
can be distinguished: objective-idealistic, subjective-
idealistic, naturalistic theory of value, transcendental, social, dialectical-
materialistic.
Objective-idealistic
theory
(neo-Kantianism,
neo-Thomism,
intuitivism) interprets value as an existence in the other world outside of time
and space.
Subjective-idealistic theory
(logical positivism, phenomenology,
emotivism, linguistic analysis in ethics, the neuro-volitional theory of value of W.
Erban, D. Proll, L. Lewis, and others) interprets value as a phenomenon of
consciousness, seeing in it a manifestation of a person's subjective attitude and
psychological mood to the object being evaluated.
The naturalistic theory of value
(the theory of interests, progressive
ethics, cosmic theological ethics) sees value as a reflection of human natural
needs or the laws of nature in the whole. For example, supporters of the theory
DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
46
of interests determine the value of things and events based on a person's
interest in them (R. Perry, D. Parker (USA), F. Tennant (England)).
axiological transcendentalism
, a value is an ideal with an independent
sphere of existence in which a person can (or cannot) participate.
The relativity of value in relation to social commonality is characteristic of
the social concept .
the dialectical-materialist
direction look at the value system from the
perspective of the historical, economic, and social development of society.
From the perspective of the source of value, it is right to distinguish the
following main types of value doctrine:
Axiological psychology
(W. Wundt, F. Brentano, A. Meinong) considers the
subjective world of man - his goals, feelings, will, needs and activities - as the
source of value. Everything that is significant for man reflects value;
Axiological normativism
(M. Weber, W. Dilthey, O. Shpenglar) sees the
socio-cultural activity of most people as the source of value. Here, norms, rules,
and assessments that ensure changes in the socio-cultural environment are
reflected as values;
axiological-transcendentalism
(G. Lotze, V. Windelband, G. Rickerg)
considers the source of value to be some interconnected ideal essence that
directs people to achieve a higher goal;
Axiological ontologism
(N. Hartmann, M. Scheler, M. Heidegger) understands
the higher rational intuition, with the help of which life is understood as a value,
as the source of value.
List of used literature:
1.
National independence idea : main concept and principles – T.:
Uzbekistan , 2001. – 80 p.
2.
Avesta . / A. Mahkam translation . T.: Sharq , 2001. – 385 p.
3.
Abdirazzakov AA National and Duhov and Sennosti and ixth place in self-
awareness natsii : Autoref . dis. ... sugar . philosophy nauk - T., 1995. 24 p
