European International Journal of Philological Sciences
72
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
95-98
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
28 March 2025
ACCEPTED
24 April 2025
PUBLISHED
30 May 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 05 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
General Understanding of
Journalistic Works
Nurullaev Mukhiddin
Senior teacher “Department of Oriental Languages” “Oriental” University
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract
:
Journalistic
works
are
forms
of
communication aimed at providing accurate, timely,
and relevant information to the public. They encompass
various formats such as news articles, investigative
reports, feature stories, editorials, and multimedia
content. The primary objective of journalism is to
inform, educate, and sometimes entertain audiences
while maintaining ethical standards of accuracy,
objectivity, and fairness. Journalists act as watchdogs of
society, holding power to account, shedding light on
issues of public interest, and giving voice to
marginalized groups. Journalistic works rely on rigorous
research, critical analysis, and storytelling skills. They
are informed by interviews, firsthand accounts, public
records, and expert insights. The evolving media
landscape has expanded the reach and diversity of
journalistic content through digital platforms, enabling
real-time reporting and interactive engagement. The
essence of journalism lies in its commitment to truth, its
ability to foster informed public discourse, and its role
in upholding democratic principles by empowering
individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions.
Keywords:
Propaganda,
Journalism,
Publicism,
Influence, Socio-political, Historical.
Introduction:
The method used in carrying out
propaganda work, namely the press method, is
considered the popular method. Simplicity, clarity,
expressiveness and adherence to the norms of literary
language are the main characteristics of this style. The
form of popular style used on radio and television is
called the oral popular style, while the form used in
newspapers and magazines is called the written popular
style. This style uses many socio-political words. To
make the speech effective, it also uses effective words
and phrases, as well as proverbs and wise sayings. In this
style, the parts of the sentence are arranged in the usual
order, the sentences are expressed by verbs in the
imperative and indicative moods, indicative, emotional
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and rhetorical interrogative sentences are effectively
used, exclamation marks are often used, as well as
repetitive words and phrases.
Journalism (Latin: “publicus” —
public) is a type of
literary work devoted to socio-political and other
topical issues of the time. The task of journalism is to
evoke and shape public opinion, direct it toward a
specific goal, and create a picture of reality based on
documented facts and information. The subject of
journalism is contemporary public life, and the facts of
the past and future associated with it. As the
importance of public activity and ideas in life grew, so
did the principle of journalism, that is, the active
intervention of a creative person in reality, the direct,
open, and frank expression of ideas. Journalism is
increasingly becoming a part of works of science, art,
and literature.
Popular science novels, plays and films appear.
Journalism includes not only articles and other major
works in which the facts of reality are presented in a
logical and figurative form, but also all genres of the
press. According to the subject, journalism is divided
into philosophical and political, economic, spiritual and
moral, literary and critical; According to the style, it has
debatable, propaganda, critical and analytical and
humorous forms. According to the genre, journalism is
divided into factual and informational (news, report,
account), analytical (article) and artistic and
journalistic (essay, feuilleton,
pamphlet, author’s
article). Journalism explores reality through deep
analysis and research of the facts of life, that is,
through socio-journalistic research. In this respect, it is
close to social science. Journalism can have scientific
and theoretical characteristics, interpreting and
promoting the problems of a particular science in the
form of a journalistic article. The form and internal
structure of journalism are a combination of logical
thinking and imagery. In the genre of journalism,
images are used in a special way. The personality of a
journalist, like the personality of a poet, is manifested
in his rich inner world and point of view.
The folk style is one of the functional styles and belongs
to the group of written styles. Works written in this
style are usually called publicism. Publicism is a section
of literature that covers public life and everyday
politics. The topic of publicism is always relevant. Since
publicism is a product of ideology, it certainly has a
propagandistic character. Its main goal is to convince
and attract people. The purpose of the publicistic style
is to inform and influence. Because everything that
serves ideology should not be ineffective. It is also
characterized by polemics and emotionality. What is
written in it must be logical and proven. Since the
publicistic style usually has a written form, its linguistic
means must be well chosen, correctly selected,
expressive and figurative. A publicistic work is published
and distributed in written form, usually in newspapers
and magazines (periodicals), and sometimes as a
separate publication. This style combines features
characteristic of both scientific prose and fiction. The
simultaneous
use
of
expression
techniques
characteristic of the language of science and the
language of fiction, the constant combination of
scientific argumentation and figurative imagery is a
distinctive feature of the language of journalism.
The journalistic style has its own specific lexical and
phraseological characteristics, which include: socio-
political and terminological vocabulary (this is the
vocabulary used in the press). Words that are constantly
used in the modern press belong to the socio-political
vocabulary. In popular works, based on the needs
associated with their specific subject matter,
terminological vocabulary is widely used, including
general economic and general military, scientific and
technical, agricultural and industrial terms. In
journalism, the vocabulary of socio-political terminology
is used correctly, that is, in its subject meaning. Another
key aspect of this style is that the words are mostly
unambiguous.
Among the styles of written books, an important place
is occupied by vocabulary borrowed from the ancient
Ottoman Turkish language, as well as newspaper cliches
borrowed from modern European languages. The task
of journalism is to evoke and shape public opinion,
direct it to a certain goal, and create a picture of reality
based on documented facts.
Journalism is an artistic genre that illuminates various
realities and current problems of the political life of
society, and it is in this regard that it has practical
significance in science. After all, since scientific
inventions and discoveries must be made public, the
press is no exception. Because in journalism, attention
is usually paid to current issues that are ripe for
resolution from the point of view of their time.
Examples of creative works of journalistic content are
often published in periodicals (newspapers and
magazines), as well as in individual works.
The press and journalism in general by their nature
reflect social struggle and ideas. If we follow this law, we
can say that journalism will always remain a product of
certain ideological views. Works in the style of the press
often have a propaganda and agitatio
n effect. “The
main manifestations of the press include persuasion,
propaganda and appeals. The journalistic style performs
the function of influence. It is characterized by
controversy and emotionality. In order for a work
written in the journalistic direction to have a sufficient
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impact on the spiritual world of the reader, they must
be based on strong logical arguments and reliable
evidence. At the same time, in journalistic eras, such
qualities as expressiveness, imagery and fluency of
speech are more often used, in this sense, the
journalistic language acquires a variety of stylistic
significance, reflecting the positive aspects of scientific
prose and fiction. The characteristic features of
journalistic language are that it widely uses techniques
of expression inherent in both scientific and artistic
language, and is consistently combined with scientific
argumentation, artistic imagery and images”.
Modern public life and the facts of the past and future
connected with it are the subject of journalism.
Journalism is divided into genres: factual information
(news, report, message), analytical (article) and artistic
journalism (essay, feuilleton, pamphlet, author’s
article).
It is very ancient in the history of the peoples of Central
Asia. It clearly shows the features of a journalist
(Kabusname) (11th century). In the works of Navoi
“Majolis ul
-
nafois”, “Munshaot”, “Makhbub ul
-
qulub”
there are all the features of journalism.
Literary portraits of Abdurakhmon Jami, Pakhlavon
Makhmud, Sayyid Hasan Ardasher and others created
by Navoi can be called journalistic essays.
A deep study of Navoi’s prose works allows us to call
him the founder of Uzbek journalism.
The first journalistic articles about the public life of
Uzbekistan were published on the pages of the
“Turkistan Regional Newspaper”.
However, the national press, which emerged as a result
of the strengthening of the national awakening
movement (the Jadidist movement), was able to
openly expose the shortcomings and vices of the
society of that time and even promptly comment on
problems related to international life. Such articles
were especially widely distributed, starting with the
newspaper “Taraki”. I. Obidiy, M. Bekhbudiy, Fitrat,
Cholpon, U. Khodjaev, A. Avloniy, H. Muin and others.
Publicistic articles by young intellectuals of the Free
World
on
socio-political,
scientific-educational,
cultural-artistic and other issues of national and
international
importance
were
published
in
newspapers and magazines such as “Shukhrat”,
“Khurshid”, “Osiyo”, “Sadoi Turkestan”, “Sadoi
Fergana”, “Nadzhot”, “Turon”, “Khuriyat”.
In particular, the articles published in the newspaper
“Samarkand”, published and edited by Behbudi
himself, and the magazine “Oina” were met with great
interest by the society of that time.
“Turkestan autonomy and economic autonomy”. The
author of the article is Islam Shoakhmedov. The article
was published in the issue of the newspaper “Ulug
Turkestan” from November 18, 1917. The article is
written in the old Uzbek language.
The article is as follows:
“The revolution in Russia gave all nations the right to
self-determination. Accordingly, the first steps of
nations within Russia will be directed towards their
national autonomy. However, it should not be forgotten
that independence can be ensured only when the sun of
autonomy has a material and economic base. If the
people are economically dependent on others and do
not have their own independence for their economic
development, then national independence will have
little meaning for the people. Because economic
backwardness is much more difficult and more difficult
to overcome than political activity. Accordingly, the
Turkestanis strive and strive to achieve self-government
with a policy of great benefit in all matters”.
In addition to written and oral forms of journalism,
there are also pictorial and graphic (posters, caricatures,
photo-cinematic (documentary) and theatrical and
dramatic (propaganda brigades) forms.
CONCLUSION
Journalism plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion,
fostering informed discourse, and reflecting the socio-
political dynamics of its time. Its versatility is evident in
its ability to combine scientific reasoning, artistic
expression, and emotional appeal. From historical
contexts like the press movements of Central Asia to
contemporary forms including radio, television, and
digital media, journalism has evolved while retaining its
core function of communicating truth and fostering
societal progress. It bridges the gap between ideology
and the public by effectively employing logical,
figurative, and stylistic elements. The enduring
relevance of journalism underscores its ability to adapt,
influence, and inspire in an ever-changing world.
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