European International Journal of Philological Sciences
72
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijps
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
80-82
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
28 March 2025
ACCEPTED
24 April 2025
PUBLISHED
30 May 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 05 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
On The History of
Researching the Work of
Khaqani Shirvani
Jumaeva Kamola
TSUOS researcher, Uzbekistan
Abstract
:
For centuries, Khaqani’s work was known to a
narrow audience and studied by few. The poet wrote in
a unique, complex language, which is why his work is not
known to many.This article provides a brief overview of
scholars who have conducted research on the
poet’s
work in Europe, America, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
Keywords:
Khaqani Shirvani, ode, works, researches,
orientalists.
Introduction:
One of the prominent figures of classical
Persian literature is Khaqani Shirvani. He was known as
a poet who wrote in Persian and Arabic. The poet left
behind a great literary legacy.
Since ancient times, the poetry of Khaqani Shirvani has
been in the spotlight. The poet’s work was difficult to
understand. That is why his literary legacy was criticized
by poets who lived after him. For example, Urfi Shirazi
said, “About 500 of Khaqani’s verses are meaningless”
(1. 21-26). Jami noted the complexity of the language of
Khaqani’s qasida (2. 258). That is why the poet’s work
has been commented on by commentators. In
particular, Sheikh Ozari, who lived in the 15th century,
commented on the poet’s famous qasida in “Javahir ul
-
Asror” (1. 21). By the 17th century, several of Khaqani
Shirvani’s odes were commented on by the Indian
commentator Alavi Shadiabadi (1. 6). Interest in and
study of Khaqani Shirvani’s work continued in
subsequent centuries. The poet’s collection was first
published in Lucknow, India, in 1878 (1.18-19). It was
published for the second time in Bombay and for the
third time in 1901 (1. 21).
In the 20th and 21st centuries, the work of Khaqani
Shirvani was recognized by European orientalists Braun
E.(3), Arberi A.(4), Jan R.(5), Ouseley G.(6), Rieu Ch.(7),
from Russian orientalists Zand I.M.(8), Zaleman K.G.(9);
Bertels E.(10), Reysner M.(11), from Indian orientalists
European International Journal of Philological Sciences
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
Noumani Sh.(12), Hodi H.(13), from tajik scientists
Abdulloev A.(14), Khodizoda R. (15), “Mirzoev A,
Sayfulloev A, Sulaymonova L, Samad B, Khuseynzoda
Sh, Abdullo F, Davronov A, Soliev M.” (1), from uzbek
scientists Komilov N. (2), Shomukhammedov Sh.(16),
Imomnazarov M.(17), Jumaeva K.(34) learned in
several sides.
Several studies have been conducted on the work of
Khaqani Shirvani, one of which was a candidate’s
dissertation by Tajik scholar Keldiyorov T. in 2000 on
the topic “Alavı Shadiabadi’s commentary on Khaqani’s
qasidas and enlightening artistic issues in Khaqani’s
poetry” (1). Alavi Shadiabadi was an Indian
commentator who lived in the mid-16th and 17th
centuries and who commented on several of Khaqani
Shirvani’s qasidas.
In 2004, Russian orientalist Akimushkina E.O defended
her PhD thesis in Moscow on the topic “Habsiya lyrics
in Persian literature of the 11th-14th centuries (genesis
and evolution)” (18). Two sections of the fourth
chapter of this dissertation are devoted to the qasidas
of captivity by Khaqani Shirvani, which provide
scientific evidence on the formation and structure of
the motifs of Shirvan captivity in Khaqani’s qasidas. In
2013, American orientalist Gould R. defended his
doctoral thesis at Columbia on the topic “Politica
l
Aesthetics in Medieval Persian Prisons, 1100-
1200”
(19). Two chapters of this study are devoted to the
themes of prison aesthetics and divine lyrics in Khaqani
Shirvani’s habsiya poems. Although two orientalist
scholars, Akimushkina E.O and Gould R, studied the
theme of imprisonment in the work of Khaqani
Shirvani, the poetry of prison in the poet’s work
remained unexplored.
In 2007, another doctoral thesis entitled “The
Development
of
the
Ghazal
and
Khaqani’s
Contribution” was completed at Harvard Unive
rsity by
A.K.Isfahani (20). This study analyzes the themes of
early medieval ghazals and the ghazals of Khaqani
Shirvani.
In 2018, Sharifova M. completed her PhD thesis in
Dushanbe on the topic “The influence of arabic
literature on the work of Khaqani Shi
rvani” (21). The
study discusses the role of the Arabic language in the
cultural life of the Seljuks, the influence of Arabic
literature, Quranic verses and hadiths on the work of
Khaqani Shirvani, and other issues.
In 2021, Zeynalova E. defended her PhD thesis in
Azerbaijan on the topic “The legacy of Khaqani Shirvani
in the arabic language” (22). This study scientifically
substantiates the Arabic heritage of Khaqani Shirvani,
the elements of Arab-Islamic culture in his qasidah,
qita, and other poems, and their volume, weight,
rhyme, and means of artistic expression.
Between 1930 and 2000, several Iranian scholars
contributed to the study of Khaqani Shirvani's work. One
of them is from Sajjodi Z, who wrote works,
commentaries and notes such as “Khaqani Sharvani’s
Divan”, “Khaqani Sharvani’s Collection of Letters”, “A
Selection of Poems by Khaqani”, “Dr. Muhammad
Moin’s Notes on Khaqani’s Poems” (23). Also, Kazzozi M,
Mahyor A, and Emami N. have expressed their
theoretical views on Khaqani’s work over the ye
ars (24).
In 2020, a book titled “The Beginning of Khaqani’s Best
Conversations” was published by Turki M.R.(25). It
presents factual, scientifically based evidence about
Khaqani’s life, personality and poetry. Research has also
been conducted on the work of Khaqani Shirvani in Iran.
Rasul Ch.M.(26), Ahmad H. (27), Yakhub Q.(28), Ansori
Kh.(29) defended his doctoral dissertation during 2000-
2015 years.
Iranian scholars Siraj S.A. and Nikubakht N. who
statistically studied Khaqani studies in Iran from 1922 to
the present, currently “criticize the problems with
websites and the incompleteness of the information
they provide, the lack of sources and dissertations, and
acknowledge that many knots in this field remain
unsolved” (30). They concluded that “the evol
ution of
Khaqani studies in Iran has a high temporal trend, with
more attention paid to research on Khaqani’s biography
and the introduction to the poet’s work between 1922
and 1982, and the peak of Khaqani studies in particular
was in 2002” (30).
In Azerbaijan, the study of the legacy of Khaqani Shirvani
was carried out by Arasli H, M.Guluzode, Sultanov M.
and Kendli Q. (31). Sultanov M. did a lot of work in the
field of publishing and translating the heritage of
Khaqani Shirvani, and wrote the first monograph (31).
Kendli Q. was seriously engaged in researching the
legacy of Khaqani Shirvani (31). Rahim M, Vahid A,
Muboriz M. succeeded in translating the poet’s poetic
work (32). A novel dedicated to the life and work of
Khaqani was written in Azerbaijan, its author is
Khusaynov A. and the novel is called “Khaqani, who
went on a pilgrimage” (33).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Khaqani Shirvani is one of the famous
poets in Persian classical literature. He created in his
own unique style. The poet’s work was criticized an
d
commented on by commentators because he used
complex language. This article provides a brief overview
of the research conducted by orientalists from America,
Europe, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan on the work of Khaqani Shirvani.
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