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AHOLINING FAROVONLIGINI OSHIRISHDA KICHIK BIZNES VA XUSUSIY
TADBIRKORLIKNING AHAMIYATI
Shadiyeva Gulnora Mardiyevna
Samarqand iqtisodiyot va servis instituti,
iqtisod fanlari doktori, prof.
Annotatsiya.
Maqolada respublikamizda amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlarning hozirgi bosqichida
iqtisodiyotni liberallashtirish, mamlakatni modernizatsiya qilish, makroiqtisodiy ba
rqarorlikni ta’minlash
evaziga uzluksiz iqtisodiy o‘sishga erishish bo‘yicha dolzarb vazifalar belgilab berilgan. Bu, o‘z navbatida,
iqtisodiyotda
–
bozor iqtisodiyotida erishilayotgan yutuqlarning asosi bo‘lib, mulkchilik shakllarining
takomillashuvi, iqt
isodiyotdagi keskin tarkibiy o‘zgarishlar, shaxsiy ishlar va xususiy tadbirkorlikning
rivojlanishi ham aholi farovonligini yuksaltirishga xizmat qilmoqda.
Kalit so'zlar:
makroiqtisodiy barqarorlik, ta'minlanmagan kredit, iqtisodiyotni liberallashtirish,
mamlakatni modernizatsiya qilish, shaxsiy biznes, xususiy tadbirkorlik, umumiy daromad, xizmat
ko'rsatish, texnik xizmat ko'rsatish, uy xo'jaligi, sanoat.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА И ЧАСТНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В ПОВЫШЕНИИ
БЛАГОСОСТОЯНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ
Шадиева Гульнора Мардиевна
Самаркандский институт экономики и сервиса,
д.э.н., проф.
Аннотация.
В статье ставится актуальная задача достижения непрерывного
экономического роста в обмен на либерализацию экономики, модернизацию страны, обеспечение
макроэкономической стабильности на текущем этапе реформ, реализуемых в нашей республике.
Это, в свою очередь, является основой достижений в экономике –
рыночная экономика,
совершенствование форм собственности, резкие структурные сдвиги в экономике, развитие
личного дела и частного предпринимательства также служат повышению благосостояния
населения.
Ключевые
слова:
макроэкономическая
стабильность,
беззалоговый
кредит,
либерализация экономики, модернизация страны, личный бизнес, частное предпринимательство,
общий доход, услуга, обслуживание, домашнее хозяйство, промышленность.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SMALL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN
IMPROVING POPULATION WELFARE
Shadiyeva Gulnora Mardiyevna
Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service,
Doctor of Economic Sciences., Prof.
Abstract.
The article sets the urgent task of achieving continuous economic growth in exchange for
the liberalization of the economy, modernization of the country, ensuring macroeconomic stability at the
current stage of reforms being implemented in our republic. This, in turn, is the basis for achievements in
the economy - a market economy, the improvement of forms of ownership, sharp structural changes in the
economy, the development of personal affairs and private entrepreneurship also serve to improve the
welfare of the population.
Key words:
macroeconomic stability, unsecured credit, economic liberalization, modernization of
the country, personal business, private entrepreneurship, total income, service, maintenance, household,
industry.
III SON - IYUL, 2023
33-37
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Introduction.
The designation of 2023 as the "Year of Attention to Humanity and Quality Education" by the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is also a proof that the noble principle of "This is the value of
man" remains the focus of our country's policy. President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev stated, "We must never lose
sight of the concept of human dignity." When we declared the year of human attention and quality
education, we thought a lot about what we might accomplish. Of course, what we accomplished
yesterday should provide continuity and sustainability for today" (Law, 2020).
The fundamental purpose of our country's socioeconomic strategy is to create jobs and alleviate
poverty. Poverty will fall from 17% to 14% in 2022 as a consequence of concentrated efforts in this area.
According to them, vocational training and entrepreneurial development helped 1 million individuals
escape poverty. In 2022, around 200,000 business entities were founded, 10,000 activities were
increased, and 11,000 companies' production capacity was restored.
Also, on January 25, 2023, the head of state will provide financial support to further encourage
personal business and family entrepreneurship in a video selector dedicated to measures to reduce
poverty and ensure population employment, as well as to create additional conditions for the
development of personal business and private entrepreneurship, under the chairmanship of Shavkat
Mirziyoyev. - said that assistance measures will be expanded:
•
In specifically, in 2023: the amount of loans granted for increasing entrepreneur activities will
be raised from 225 million soums to 300 million soums;
•
the amount of unsecured loans to farmers will be increased from 33 million soums to 50 million
soums.
•
Entrepreneurs who previously obtained loans under family business programs and
demonstrated strong achievements will be eligible for preferential loans under these programs (which
may now be taken only once);
•
some of the loans will be transferable to a bank card.
•
In addition, in 2023, 12 trillion soums will be provided to the family business initiative. In
addition, an additional $300 million would be granted to family businesses, according to a decree
recently approved by the President.
All practical work is focused at ensuring the population's overall well-being. It is hardly an
exaggeration to state that our esteemed President's personal initiatives, explicit instructions, and
assignments, particularly the decrees and judgments he issues, function as a program. As a consequence,
issues and excessive distractions in the operations of businesses are avoided, and various conveniences
for the full activity of businesspeople are established. In this regard, large-scale efforts are currently
underway to engage the populace in entrepreneurship, specifically to give all-around assistance for the
execution of young people's company ideas. In reality, the primary purpose of such changes is to
improve the population's well-being and to provide a good living for them.
Literature review.
Diverse scientists in our nation have diverse definitions of well-being. Well-being has been
described by many scientists, including Abdurakhmanov (2014) as "the provision of material, social,
cultural, and spiritual resources, i.e., elements, services, and conditions that satisfy human needs."
According to a group of experts led by Abdurakhmanov and Bekmurodov (2013), "Well-being is the level
of satisfaction with the socio-economic conditions and needs of the population". Another group of
experts, led by Olmasov and Vahobov (1998), concluded that "well-being is not defined by consumption
but also by ease of living".
Another group of our scientists, Pardayev (2018) elaborated on this concept and provided a
comprehensive definition, which is, "Well-being means the material and spiritual benefits necessary for
the population's living, i.e., products aimed at satisfying human needs, and the quantity and quality of
services, and adequate provision of appropriate conditions are understood as the rule of peace Some
economic theory literature does not provide a definition of the idea of well-being. We attempted to
create our own definition by conceptually studying existing definitions of well-being and identifying its
benefits and drawbacks. It should be noted that in certain publications, the idea of well-being is
addressed as a very broad term, with definitions of "social well-being," "family well-being," and "family
well-being" provided. The following definition of social well-being is provided by the authors, Pardayev
(2018): According to their scientific advice, "social well-being is understood as the existence of a
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complex of activities related to ensuring the safety, tranquility, health, and literacy of the population,
which ensures the ease of living." This definition clearly shows that the content of social welfare is quite
broad, encompassing full employment of ordinary welfare.
In general, we agree with and support the above-mentioned scientists' positions (Pardayev,
2018). As a result, this subject is addressed in depth, and each definition is theoretically founded. At the
same time, we convey our feelings about this definition. As a result, the idea of well-being is quite
complicated, including all of the components described in the definition, and if justice is not established
in the society in which people live, they may have some complaints. As a result, we thought it was fair to
incorporate this notion in this definition and refine it somewhat.
Based on the opinions of the aforementioned scientists, we define well-being as "the quantity and
quality of material and spiritual goods necessary for the population's existence, i.e., the quantity and
quality of products and services aimed at satisfying human needs, as well as the adequate provision of
appropriate conditions for their comfortable consumption in the country where the population lives."
This definition makes it apparent that prosperity is founded on the supply of numerous benefits. As
previously stated, the first category of perks comprises exchangeable benefits. If consuming is not one
of these required advantages, then the other can be utilized or eaten. The above-mentioned benefits are
produced on a nationwide basis. However, they are not spread evenly among the population. Each
person obtains money based on his or her labor and purchases and consumes commodities based on his
or her means. As a result, the amount of happiness differs from person to person. It is determined by
their purchasing power. The purchasing power of the population is determined by each individual's real
income.
Methodology.
In the research process, methods such as a logical approach to issues and comparative analysis of
the gathered data, a methodical approach, observation, and statistical grouping were utilized.
Results and analysis.
It is vital to generate a large number of products and services in order to ensure the well-being of
our country's people. However, if the population's income is insufficient to purchase these items, there
is no need to discuss welfare. If there is a lot of output and enough money, but the retail price of products
and services is too high, prosperity will be incomplete. In this event, the population's purchasing power
will plummet dramatically. Another aspect is that if our government collects a lot of taxes from its
citizens, a portion of the revenue will be spent on them, which will have a detrimental influence on the
population's well-being. If we increase our earnings, inflation will develop soon, the buying power of the
people will deteriorate, and the population's welfare would be insufficient. A lot of achievements have
been made in recent years to raise the level of living in Uzbekistan. In 2021-2022, as a result of
continuing and renewing previous reforms, our country's economy experienced rapid growth, laying
the groundwork for further increasing the population's income and improving our people's standard
and quality of life. Many socioeconomic difficulties have been overcome, which explains this.
The production and expansion of revenues for our people from entrepreneurial activities is one
of the main trends in enhancing the standard and quality of life created over the years of independence.
According to statistics, the percentage of these revenues in total population income was 47.1% in 2010,
and it is expected to rise to 58% by 2022. It should be emphasized that this metric is substantially
greater than that of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as recognized by world specialists. This
demonstration is significant not only economically, but also socially and politically. The growth in the
percentage of entrepreneurship in population income suggests that certain successes in increasing the
well-being of our country's population have been accomplished. According to the decree "On the
Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026," adopted at the initiative of our country's
President, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, increasing population employment and real income, increasing income per
capita by 2030 from $4000 US dollars, and the task of including our country among "countries with
higher than average income" are set. In our country, remarkable work has been done on the sustainable
growth of personal business and private entrepreneurship, service industries, and home industries, all
of which have had a favorable influence on the population's level of life. All of these will enable personal
business and private entrepreneurship to grow into a strong economic sector capable of competing in
business and global markets, broaden the way to family company and private entrepreneurship, and
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consistently manufacture and offer excellent products and services. As a consequence, the population's
income will rise, and the population's standard of living and well-being will improve. As a result, the
growth of personal business and private entrepreneurship alters the quantity and content of the
population's income. Income is closely tied to the overall status of the economy and the population's
level of living, the creation of social and tax policies, attracting business prospects, and analyzing the
feasibility of increasing investment activities. These income statistics should be used in conjunction with
other macroeconomic indicators that characterize the linked conditions of economic processes, such as
indicators indicating financial opportunities, efficiency indicators, and so on.
The population's quality of living, as a socioeconomic notion, is determined by their disposable
income and, in particular, the degree of formation of their real income. As a result, real wages provide
the material and financial foundation for assuring sustenance and living well-being. From global
experience, it is also recognized that the income level of the population is one of the most important
variables in their pleasant lives. As a result, the composition and formation of the population's income
are critical in the proper execution of the policy of sustainable formation.
Income from hired labor activities; income from self-employment; income from personal
consumption and self-produced services; income from property (interest, dividends, royalties, and
other property income); income from transfers (pension, allowances, scholarships, and other current
transfers).
Today, the overall income of our country's people in 2021 will grow by 24.2% over the previous
year to 515.7 trillion soum. Simultaneously, real income climbed by 12.1% throughout this period,
reaching 465.3 trillion soum. In terms of population income, primary income climbed by 21.3%
compared to the same time in 2020 and amounted to 379.8 trillion soms, while transfer income
increased by 33.1% to 135.9 trillion soms. The proportion of revenue derived from production fell from
75.4 percent in 2020 to 73.6 percent in 2021. The proportion of revenue from transfers grew from 24.6
percent to 26.4 percent.
Furthermore, the shares of revenue from production (368.5 trillion soums) and income from
property (11.3 trillion soums) in primary income were constant at 97 and 3%, respectively (Figure 1).
Figure1.
Total population of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2021 income dynamics
According to the data of the State Statistics Committee, the GDP per capita of the population of the
Republic of Uzbekistan in 2021 in dollar equivalent increased by 13.4 % and amounted to 1983 dollars
(21.0 million soms). Per capita, income increased by 15.4% and reached 1392 dollars (14.8 million
soums). The average annual salary increased by 14.0 % and equaled 3629 dollars (38.5 million soums).
In 2020, GDP per capita and personal income decreased by 1.9 and 2.1 percent in dollar terms,
respectively, while average annual wages increased by only 0.9 percent. In the table below, as of
January-March 2022, we can see the composition of the total income of the population in the Republic
of Uzbekistan and the growth rate compared to the corresponding period of the previous year (Table 1)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Primary income
transfer income
33.1
income from
property
including income
from production
total income of the
population total
income of the
population total
income of the
population
real incomes
2021year, trillion soums
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Table 1
Shows the composition of total population earnings in the Republic of Uzbekistan during
January through March 2022, as well as the increase rate over the previous year
Total income: total (I + II)
Relative to the total, in % Growth
rate
2021
2022
I. Primary incomes
73,1 %
73,4 %
116,4 %
1.1. Income from production
70,4 %
70,3 %
115,7 %
1.1.1. Income from work
62,0 %
62,5 %
116,8 %
1.1.1.1. Income of temporary workers
31,7 %
32,8 %
120,0 %
1.1.1.2. Income from self-employment
30,3 %
29,7%
113,5 %
1.1.2. Income from self-produced services for personal consumption
8,4 %
7,8 %
107,5 %
1.1. Income from property
2,7 %
3,1 %
134,9 %
II. Income from transfers
26,9 %
26,6 %
114,7%
In January-March 2022, 73.4% of the total income of the population was made up of primary
income, and 26.6% was contributed by the income received from transfers. The main share of primary
income is the income from production, and other current transfers are the income from transfers.
In January-March 2022, a large part of the total income of the population was formed from the
income of temporary workers and income from self-employment (62.5% of the total income of the total
population), and the nominal the growth rate was 116.8% compared to the corresponding period of
2021. The percentage of revenue from personal consumption and self-produced services was 7.8% of
total population income, the share of income from property was 3.1%, and the share of income from
transfers was 26.6%.
According to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan's Decree No. PF-5409 dated April 11,
2018 "On measures to further reduce and simplify licensing and permitting procedures in the field of
business activities, as well as to improve the conditions for doing business," with business activities in
2021, the share of income from personal business and private entrepreneurship in the total income of
the population was 51.6% due to the creation of a wide range of opportunities.
As of January
–
March 2021, the share of income from self-employment in the total income of the
population in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan was %.
Conclusions and recommendations:
According to the analysis of the data presented above, the share of income from personal
entrepreneurship in total population income will increase in the coming years due to the development
of a new system aimed at making full use of their opportunities in the development of individual
businesses and private entrepreneurship in our country, as well as the promotion of introducing
innovations to individual enterprises. Based on this, we can draw the following conclusions:
- study in depth the impact of economic sectors on raising the population's standard of living and
conduct more scientific research in this regard;
- increase the population's level of employment and earning opportunities;
- coordinate the volume of produced products and services with the population's consumption
demand; raise the population's living conditions and standards in our country.
References:
Abdurahmonov Kh. Kh., Arabov N. U., Kholmukhamedov M.M. (2014) Population income and quality
of life. Study guide. T.: "Boston of Thought". 242 p.
Abdurakhmanov K.Kh., Bekmurodov A.Sh. (2013) Human development. Textbook. - T.: "Science and
technology", - 207 p.
Law (2020) Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education". September 23.
https://lex.uz/docs/5013007
O‘lmasov A.
Vahobov
A. (1998) Family economy. Tashkent - "Mehnat".
Pardaev M.Q., Oltaev Sh., Pardaeva O.M., Tagirova N.B. (2018) Entrepreneurship is an opportunity
for self-employment in every family. Practical advice. Samarkand, SamISI,
–
240 pages
Shodieva G.M. (2006) Improving the well-being of the household: problems and their solutions
//Monograph,
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T.: Fan.
