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THE SYMBOLIC USAGE OF THE COLOUR TERM “QÍZÍL/RED” IN THE
BERDAKH’S POETRY
Ametova Arzigul Ganibaevna
PhD student -Nukus State Pedagogical
Institute named after Ajiniyaz
Chimbay, Karakalpakstan
Ever since the language of man began to develop, words or expressions have been used first to
indicate and then to describe colors. Some of these have persisted throughout the centuries and are
those, which refer to the simple colors or ranges such as red or yellow. As the language developed,
more and more color names were invented to describe the colors used by art and industry and in late
years in the rapidly expanding field of sales promotion [1; 111]
Hasan states that every culture has its own set of color terms. However, she argues that color
terms cannot be interpreted apart from the cognitive environment in which the color takes place [2].
In fact, it is possible to do a theoretical distinction of three backgrounds for meanings attached to
colour: an innate, a personal, and a cultural background:
1) The first one hypothesizes from anthropological and behavioural research, for several
subhuman species colours are very important signals in order to survive and adapt, and human colour
space (internal categorization of colours) is universal; so, it would be possible that information from
subcortical structures triggers associations between colours and moods as a trace of our evolution by
regulating arousal when we see colours. [3]
2) The second background comes from each of our personal experiences. [4; 307-319]
3) The third background implicates culture. We are born and bred in cultures that are full of
meaning. As we grow up, we learn those meanings through socialization processes. [5] Coded
meanings of colours are shared connotations of feelings, sensations, atmosphere, thoughts, and
moods. [4; 307-319] It could happen that meanings could vary through historical timeline, different
cultures, however, differences that are more significant are widely known, and they will be mentioned
forward. The vast majority of people are not aware about the effects that colours have on them; neither
how this symbolism is used in everyday life and in communication. [6;78-90]
The colour red attracts attention, evokes a sense of urgency and strong emotions from viewers
that increases people’s heart rate and blood pressure. Red represents physical energy, lust, passion,
and desire and symbolizes action, confidence, and courage. The colour red is connected to the most
primitive physical, emotional, and financial needs of survival and self-preservation.
The significance of this research is in actuality that the color patterns used by authors in poetry
display not only feelings and emotions, but also the conventional viewpoint of the people.
The main goal of this thesis is to distinguish the symbolism of “qızıl/red” color in Berdakh’s
poems, which will betray the basic peculiarities of classical color symbols.
Actually, the study of color patterns has been the object of scientific knowledge of many
interdisciplinary studies such as Art, Fashion Industry and Linguistics, etc., Hence, in Linguistics,
there are various terms such as color pattern, color vocabulary, color symbolism etc., and linguistic
diversity is focused on cultural, psycholinguistic, cognitive and historical and cultural aspects.
Moreover, using color terms in literature is a proper and intriguing field of investigation and it
is stated that there is a huge entirety of investigation, which deals with colors and their connotative
meanings in literature, particularly in poetry. Consequently, there is a need for investigating the use
of color term “qızıl/red” in Berdakh’s literary works. Because the usage of color terms in Berdakh’s
poetry is sometimes difficult to understand by readers and isnot be easily interpreted. Thus, readers
of poetry may look towards difficulties in understanding and interpreting the connotative meanings
of color term “qızıl/red” when they are used in poetry, especially, in Berdakh’s literary works.
Duhan explains that literature is the production of real life [7]. It is the real life, which inspires
writers and poets to create their works, and it is the real life, which supplies them with the basic
ingredients of their works. Because of previously mentioned arguments, the presence of colors in
literature is not surprising since colors can be found in each part of daily life [8].The widespread use
of the “qızıl/red” lexeme in the Karakalpak language is closely connected to the usage of the red color
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in the culture of these people, which refers several meanings such as life, youth, beauty, love and
bloodshed. Therefore, the great poet of Karakalpak nation, Berdakh often used the “qızıl/red” lexeme
symbolically in his poetry.
The following paragraphs deal with arguments and findings of this study and the symbolic
usage of color term “qızıl/red” inBerdakh's poetry. During the investigation it is discovered that
Berdakh used the phrase
“qızılgúl
”
(“red flower”
in English) connotatively to express
“a young life”
6 times in his poems
Qızıl gúliń ǵumshalansa solmasın, Qızıl gúl bolıp, solsań da, Qızıl gúli
soldımeken? Qızıl gúli solǵannan soń, Qızıl gúlim erte soldı
and
Qızıl gúlleri solǵanday.
For
instance, in his poem “Xalıq ushın” he described his feelings and wishes towards the Karakalpak
people:
Bul dúniyada, aqlıń hayran, bolmasın,
Qızıl gúliń ǵumshalansa solmasın,
Adamlardıń kewli, mudam jaynasın,
Sonda kewlim yoshar ullı xalıq ushın. (Xalıqushın)
Furthermore, in this poem the poet also used the colour term
“qızıl/red”
as verb
“qızarıw”
which means,
“to embarrass”
:
Oylan, Berdimurat, aytqılsózindi,
Kótermey, lap etip, qurıózińdi,
Qız artpaǵay, birew seniń júzińdi,
Qoldan kelse, xızmet etkil xalıq ushın. (Xalıqushın)
The uniqueness of the poet’s speech that he could use the same phrase “
qızılgúl
” in different
meanings, for example, he also used this phrase to describe
“the beauty”
in his epic “Aqmaq patsha”:
Jeń salısıp júrgendey qiz,
Ótip birisinen-biri,
Qızıl gúldey bolıp nurı,
Ol baǵ jetilisken eken.
Ósti qızıl gúller jaynap,
Ullı terekler shaqalap,
Kún-tún búlbiller sayrap,
Baǵ kámalǵa kelgeneken.
Furthermore, it has been analyzed that Berdakh frequently used the color term
“qızıl/red”
with
the nouns that describe div parts like
júz/face
,
til/tongue
, as an example,
“qızıljúz”
(“red face” in
English) means
beautifulness of one’s face
in the following lines:
Atasınıń shıǵıp kózi,
Sup-sur bolıp qızıl júzi,
Bir atawda jalǵız ózi,
Sol atawda baqqan eken.
Ayta almadı Zariw sózin,
Qubarttı da qızıl júzin,
Bilip patshanıń minezin,
Qırıq qatınǵa kelgen eken.
(Aqmaq patsha)
The significant aspect of Berdakh’s language was his poetical and spiritual creativity that every
reader of his poetry can recognize while reading his poems. The phrase
“qızıltil”
used by
Berdakhmeans “eloquence and impudence”in his poems
“Jazkelerme?”
and “
Qızım”
:
Qızıl tilim boldi ayǵaq,
Ayaq bassam bir jer tayǵaq,
Júre almadıq kúlip oynap,
Qıslar ketip, jaz keler me?
Qızım kóp kórme kúndi,
Qayirip búklermen tilińdi,
Kesermen qızıl tilińdi
,
Óz halıńdı bilgil qızım.
As Berdakh wrote “Qarańǵı qaplaǵan qayǵı zamanda” it was the years of injustice, violence
and bloodshed by the upper class people and the government of that time towards the lower class
people. As a result, the poet used the phrase “
qızılqan”
in negative meaning 8 times in his epic
“Aqmaqpatsha” to express the “
bloodshed”
for instance,
Qızılqanǵa men bılǵanıp, Bılǵanıp bul qızıl
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qanǵa, Toymadıń qızıl qanıma, Qızıl qanın suwday shashti, Qızıl qanın tıya almadı. Qızıl qanǵa batıp
jılǵa, Qızıl qan iship pırıldap, Qızıl qan aqtı murnımnan,
:
Qızıl qanın suwday shashti,
Patsha turıp taxttan qashtı,
Qushaǵın ólimge ashtı,
Qattı qorqıp qalǵan eken.
Berdakh used the colour term “qızıl/red” in his poetry to symbolize different concepts:1)
positive meanings:
“qızılgúl
”
-
young life -6 times,
“qızıljúz”
-beautifulness of one’s facetwice;2)
negative meanings:
“qızarıw”
-to embarrass only once,
“qızıltil”
-eloquence and impudence twice,
“
qızılqan”-
bloodshed 8 times;
Due to the fact that, Berdakh lived in those times when upper class people ruled the poor cruelly
and mercilessly, the use of colour term “qızıl/red” in his poetry is temporarily negative.
REFERENCES
1. Kenneth L. Kelly and Deane B. Judd COLOR Universal Language and Dictionary of Names
2. Hasan, Amna A., Nabiha. S.Mehdi ,Al -Sammerai&FakhrulAdabi ,Bin Abdul Kadir. How
Colours are Semantically Construed in the Arabic and English Culture: A Comparative study, 2011
3. Davidoff, J. Cognition Through Color, MIT Press, 1991
4. Wright, B., and Rainwater, L. “Los significados del color”, in Hooget. al., Psicología y
artesvisuales, Editorial Gustavo Gili, 1969, pp. 307-319
5. Berger, P., and Luckmann, T. La construcción social de la realidad, Amorrortueditores, 1995
6. Valldeperas J, Manau R, Lis M, Navarro J. “Specificity in the Color Sensations Evaluation
by Spanish Observers”, in International Conference on Colour Emotion Research and Application
Proceedings. Bangkok, Chulalongkorn University Press, 2002, pp. 78-90.
7. Duhan, Roshni. The Relationship between Literature and Society, 2015
8. Kanetkar, Vinod R. Colours: History and Advancement, 2010
9. А. Каримов, А, Муртазаев, Б, Қәлимбетов. Бердақтаңламалышығармалары–Нѳкис,
Қарақалпақстан, 1987
SYNTACTIC SYNONYMY AS A VARIANT TOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE
DERIVATION AND NOMINALIZATION
Shiyrinay Aymanova
Assistant teacher
Nukus state pedagogical institute, Nukus
Introduction
. The exploration of syntactic synonymy as a variant tool of foreign language
derivation and nominalization holds substantial importance within linguistic research and language
education. Here's why: Enhancing Language Learning: Understanding syntactic synonymy aids
language learners in grasping the nuances of a foreign language. By recognizing how different
syntactic structures convey similar meanings, learners can expand their vocabulary, improve their
grammatical accuracy, and develop a deeper appreciation for the flexibility and richness of language.
Facilitating Translation: Syntactic synonymy plays a crucial role in translation and interpretation
tasks, particularly when conveying the same message from one language to another. Exploring how
syntactic structures vary across languages allows translators to choose the most appropriate
equivalents, ensuring accuracy and fluency in communication. Enriching Lexical Resources:
Research on syntactic synonymy contributes to the development of lexical resources, such as
dictionaries and language corpora, by documenting alternative syntactic patterns that express similar
meanings. This enriches linguistic databases and tools used by language professionals, researchers,
and educators in their work. Deepening Understanding of Derivation and Nominalization:
Investigating syntactic synonymy sheds light on the processes of derivation and nominalization in
language. By analyzing how different syntactic constructions create derived forms and nominal
expressions, researchers gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of word formation and lexical
expansion.
