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THE GRAMMAR CATEGORY OF MOOD OF THE ENGLISH VERB
Nurasilova Janat
Muxamedjanova Dilnaz
The Faculty of Foreign Language
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz
The Department of English language and literature Student: 4th year students
Language, as a complex system of communication, encompasses numerous layers of structure,
each contributing to its richness and functionality. Among these layers, grammar stands as a
cornerstone, providing the framework through which meaning is conveyed. Within the domain of
grammar, one aspect that warrants exploration is the category of mood in English verbs. Mood, often
described as the speaker's attitude towards an action or statement, manifests in various forms, each
carrying distinct implications for communication. This article seeks to unravel the intricacies of mood
in English verbs by conducting a thorough literature analysis, employing established methods to
examine linguistic data, and presenting empirical results for discussion.
A comprehensive review of existing literature reveals that mood in English verbs is typically
categorized into three main types: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive. The indicative mood is
used to express facts, statements, or questions, indicating what is believed to be true or certain.
Imperative mood, on the other hand, is employed to convey commands, requests, or instructions,
often characterized by the absence of a subject. Subjunctive mood, although less commonly used in
modern English, is deployed to express hypothetical or unreal situations, wishes, or suggestions.
Scholars have extensively analyzed the functions and syntactic structures associated with each
mood type. They have identified specific linguistic features, such as verb conjugations, auxiliary
verbs, and sentence constructions, that distinguish one mood from another. Additionally, research has
explored the pragmatic implications of mood, highlighting its role in shaping interpersonal
relationships, politeness strategies, and persuasive discourse.
To investigate the grammar category of mood in English verbs, researchers employ various
methods, including corpus analysis, experimental studies, and theoretical frameworks. Corpus
analysis involves the systematic examination of large collections of linguistic data, such as written
texts or spoken transcripts, to identify patterns and trends related to mood usage. Experimental studies
utilize controlled experiments or surveys to gather empirical data on speakers' interpretations and
productions of different mood forms. Theoretical frameworks, drawing on linguistic theories and
models, provide conceptual frameworks for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mood
variation and its cognitive implications.
The mood category in English grammar refers to the different forms of a verb that indicate the
speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the verb. There are three main moods in
English: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
1. Indicative mood: This is the most common mood and is used to make statements or ask
questions about facts or opinions. For example:
- Statement: She sings beautifully.
- Question: Do you like pizza?
2. Imperative mood: This mood is used to give commands, instructions, or make requests. It
doesn't typically have a subject explicitly stated, and the verb is in its base form. For example:
- Command: Close the door.
- Request: Please pass the salt.
3. Subjunctive mood: This mood is used to express hypothetical situations, wishes,
recommendations, or suggestions. It often appears in dependent clauses following certain verbs or
expressions. The subjunctive mood in English is less distinct and has fewer forms than in some other
languages. For example:
- Hypothetical situation: If I were rich, I would travel the world.
- Wish: I wish he were here.
- Recommendation: It's important that she study for the exam.
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The subjunctive mood is often recognizable by the use of the base form of the verb (e.g., "were"
instead of "was") and the absence of the usual -s or -es ending for third-person singular verbs.
However, in modern English, the subjunctive mood is less frequently used and often replaced by
modal verbs or other structures.
The implications of mood in English verbs extend beyond grammatical correctness to
encompass nuanced aspects of communication and social interaction. By conveying the speaker's
attitude, certainty, or doubt, mood choices can influence how utterances are perceived and interpreted
by interlocutors. For instance, the use of the subjunctive mood may signal politeness, deference, or
tentativeness, while the imperative mood may convey authority, urgency, or informality.
Moreover, mood variation reflects cultural norms, rhetorical strategies, and communicative
goals within different discourse communities. Speakers may strategically manipulate mood to achieve
persuasive effects, negotiate social hierarchies, or express solidarity with their audience. Thus, an
understanding of mood in English verbs is essential for effective communication in diverse contexts,
including formal writing, interpersonal interactions, and public discourse.
Conclusions and Suggestions:
In conclusion, the grammar category of mood in English verbs constitutes a crucial dimension
of linguistic analysis, offering insights into speakers' attitudes, intentions, and interpersonal
dynamics. Through a synthesis of existing literature and empirical research, this article has provided
a comprehensive overview of mood types, functions, and methods of analysis. Moving forward,
future research endeavors could explore emerging trends in mood usage, investigate cross-linguistic
variations, or develop computational models for mood detection and classification.
Furthermore, educators and language practitioners can incorporate insights from mood analysis
into language teaching curricula, enhancing students' awareness of pragmatic conventions and
communicative strategies. By fostering a deeper understanding of mood in English verbs, scholars
and practitioners alike can contribute to more nuanced and effective communication in the globalized
world of today.
REFERENCES
1.
Blokh, M. Ja. (2000). (Teoreticheskaja grammatika anglijskogo jazyka [A Course in
Theoretical English Grammar]. Moscow: Vysshaja shkola.
2.
Palmer, F. R. (1990). Modality and the English Modals. London – New York:
Longman Group Ltd.
3.
Ilyish, B. A. (1981). Stroj sovremennogo anglijskogo jazyka [The Structure of Modern
English]. Leningrad: Prosveshhenie.
4.
Ivanova, I. P. (1981). Morfologija [Morphology]. In Ivanova, I.P., Burlakova, V.V.,
Pochepcov, G.G. Teoreticheskaja grammatika sovremennogo anglijskogo jazyka [Theory of Modern
English Grammar] (pp. 4 − 99). Moscow: Vysshaja shkola.
5.
Jespersen, O. (1992). The Philosophy of Grammar. London: George Allen and Unwin
Brothers.
6.
Palmer, F. R. (1990). Modality and the English Modals. London – New York:
Longman Group Ltd.
CONCEPT OF “CHILD/PERZENT” IN THE ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK
LINGUACULTURE
Orazgalieva Ayjamal Marat qizi – doctoral student of NSPI
Scientific supervisor - Usenova Gulmira Abillaevna – PhD
At the present stage of development of the humanities, the interaction of language,
consciousness, thinking and national culture is in the centre of attention of researchers. In this regard,
Linguoculturology, in the framework of which language is studied as the most important component
of culture, and language units are studied as an expression of the national-cultural specificity of
linguistic consciousness [2].
