Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Theoretical analysis of phraseological expressions
incorporating zoonimic component in contemporary
linguistic studies
Sanobar ABDULLAEVA
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2023
Received in revised form
10 August 2023
Accepted 25 September 2023
Available online
15 October 2023
This article focuses on the theoretical examination of
phraseological units incorporating a zoonymic component
within their structure. The significance of this research stems
from the advancements made in linguistic science in two pivotal
domains: the exploration of phraseological units and the
investigation of zoonyms.
С
onsidered the views of scientists on
the structural and grammatical organization of zoonymic
phraseological units and their functioning. Impact evaluated the
influence of the semantic aspect and extralinguistic factors on
stable expressions with zoonyms.
2181-3701
/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol1-iss5-pp1
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
Phraseology,
zoonim,
semantics,
extralinguistic.
Zamonaviy
tilshunoslikda
zoonimik
komponent
yordamida iboralarni nazariy tadqiq qilish
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
frazeologiya,
zoonim,
semantika,
ekstralingvistik.
Maqolada zoonimlarni
o‘
z ichiga olgan frazeologik birliklarni
nazariy tahlil qilishga ba
g‘
ishlangan. Asarda bunday iboralarga
misollar keltirilgan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi tilshunoslikning
ikkita asosiy y
o‘
nalishdagi yutuqlari bilan belgilanadi:
frazeologiyani
o‘
rganish va zoonimlarni tahlil qilish. Ishda
zoonimik frazeologik birliklarning strukturaviy va grammatik
jihatdan tashkil etilishi va ularning tildagi faoliyati haqidagi
ilmiy qarashlar
o‘
rganiladi. Zoonimlarni
o‘
z ichiga olgan iboralar
barqarorligiga semantik va ekstralingvistik omillarning ta
’
siri
ham baholanadi.
1
PhD on Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages.
E-mail: sanobar-abdullaeva@mail.ru
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
1
№
5 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3701
12
Теоретическое изучение выражений с использованием
компонента
-
зоонима в современном языкознании
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
фразеология
,
зооним
,
семантика
,
экстралингвистический.
Статья
посвящёна
теоретическому
анализу
фразеологических единиц, включающих в свою структуру
зоонимы. В работе представлены примеры таких выражений.
Актуальность исследования определяется успехами в
лингвистике в двух ключевых направлениях: изучении
фразеологии и анализе зоонимов. В работе рассмотрены
научные
взгляды
на
структурно
-
грамматическую
организацию
зоонимических
фразеологизмов
и
их
функционирование в языке. Также оценивается влияние
семантических и экстралингвистических факторов на
устойчивость выражений, содержащих зоонимы.
Humanity has been closely interconnected with animals since its inception. They
served humans as food, clothing, vehicles, and tools that performed heavy work, guard of
the hearth, assistance in hunting, and also participated in military events. As a result,
there appeared many phrases, proverbs, and sayings related to animals.
The world’s leading scientific schools and centers conduct large
-scale studies of
anthropocentric linguistic units within the framework of cognitive linguistics,
linguoculturology, linguistic worldview, and comparative linguistics. In this aspect,
special attention is paid to the semantics of phraseological units with a zoonymic
component used to describe various human qualities. Language is the highest national
value, reflecting the human essence. Phraseology is the richest treasury of the national
culture. Each language has its patterns used to describe anthropocentric characteristics.
These patterns are related to lifestyle, national mentality, national stereotypes, and the
culture of native speakers of a particular language.
Recently, linguocultural and pragmatic features of linguistic units, attracting the
attention of philologists around the world, have acquired special significance in
linguistics. Anthropocentric figurative expressions have attracted researchers since the
last century. Thus, Aldiabani Aref Ali Salah compared stable phrases that reflect the
intellectual traits of a person in the English and Russian languages and determined
similarities according to semantic criteria [Aldiabani Aref Ali Salah, 2003]. English-
speaking researchers E. Milburn and T. Warren, having tested phraseological units with
animal names, compare the understanding and interpretation of their literal and
figurative meanings [Milburn, Warren, 2019]. An interesting study by M.M. Ferzilaeva
[Ferzilaeva, 2010]. The researcher studied the structural, grammatical, and semantic
properties of phraseological units characterizing the qualities of a person in the English
and Lezgin languages. Questions about the ethnocultural specificity of Russian and
German zoonymic vocabulary characterizing a person were studied by O.V. Galimova.
Zoonyms and linguistic features of zoonymic components have been studied by
Uzbek scientists. G.E. Khakimova studied the structural and semantic features of English
phraseological units with zoonymic components.
Lexemes with the archive “animal” in
the Uzbek language are studied in the work of N.R. Nishonova. H.A. Saidova analyzed the
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
1
№
5 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3701
13
names of animals which used to describe humans in the Uzbek language. The use of
zoonyms in literary texts, based on the works of Alisher Navoi, is considered by
B. Zaripov.
Linguocultural and pragmatic aspects of the study of language systems, levels, and
units are noted in the scientific works of Uzbek linguists: D.U. Ashurova, T.A. Bushuy,
N.S. Nasrullaeva, Sh.S. Safarov, G.Kh. Rakhimov and others. Phraseological and
paremiological units of the Uzbek language were studied by the following famous
linguists, many of whom compiled dictionaries: M. Sadikova, M. Abdurahimov, T. Mirzaev,
A. Musokulov, B. Sarimsokov, Kh. Suvonkulova, K. Karamatova and Kh. Karamatov,
M. Yarmatova, B. Yuldoshev, K. Bozorboev and others.
In the 1960s of the twentieth century, the concept of “zoonym”
appeared, replacing
the word nickname with the name of proper names of animals.
In the Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words, the category
“zoonym” is
understood as” the proper name (nickname) of an animal as an object of linguistic study”
.
However, there is a different usage in the linguistic literature of the term zoonym.
Zoonyms are not only the proper names of animals but also their generic or specific
names, i.e. common names.
Fasmer’s etymological dictionary offers the following definition of the term
“zoonym”: “Zoo" in Latin indicates relations to the animal world.
Zoonyms become a kind of personification, symbols of moral and intellectual
qualities of a person, that is,
“
in addition to real values contain something specific or
additional vague, not quite known, hidden from us
”
.
Phraseological units (further PU) with a zoonym component make up a significant
layer in the phraseological fund of many languages. As E.S. Yakovleva notes, humans and
animals live next to each other, we are neighbors, and we are connected by the
surrounding world of reality and the illusion of human consciousness. It is obvious that
such relationships, being a complex and unique phenomenon, have their linguistic
reflection. The lexico-semantic group that includes the names of animals, the most
important fragment of the conceptual space, acts as linguoculturological representative, a
kind of prism, national perception of the world, and mentality [Yakovleva, 2018].
S.A. Androsova uses the term
“
characterological phraseological units
”
, that is, those
phraseological units that are used to characterize a person. The zoonym component, in
this case, helps to compare the qualities of a person with a set of stereotypical qualities
attributed to a particular animal. Characterological phraseological units should be
considered a multidimensional phenomenon since they affect the social and
psychological characteristics of a person.
PU with zoonymic components is the object of study by many researchers, where
each scientist analyzes them from a different angle.
In his dissertation, A.V. Gevorgyan examines the semantics, structure, and origin of
phraseological units with zoonyms in Armenian and English. Depending on the semantic
significance of the zoonymic component in the PU, the following types of components are
distinguished: a) components
–
zoonyms that function in direct meanings; b) components
–
zoonyms that have phraseologically determined significance, which can be explicit or
implicit; c) components
–
zoonyms that lack independent semantic significance.
Another researcher, T.A. Shepilova, examines the semantic, functional-stylistic, and
cognitive aspects of French PU with animalistic components. In the formation of PU,
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
1
№
5 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3701
14
French zoonyms show varying degrees of activity: from one to several dozen. This makes
it possible to combine into groups: zoonyms with a low degree of phraseological activity,
zoonyms with an average degree of phraseological activity, and zoonyms with a high
degree of phraseological activity.
Extralinguistic factors play a significant role in the process of phrase formation.
The study of the extralinguistic factor has a long history, which is shown in some detail
by Yu.A. Gvozdarev: 1. Many phraseological units are based not on the names of animals,
but on observations of their habits, 2. A large number of phraseological units include a
comparison of human behavior with animal behavior, 3. First, people attributed their
qualities to animals and then transferred them back to people already as properties
inherent in animals, 4. Many phraseological units go back to fable, 5. A large number of
PU has a biblical origin [Gvozdarev, 2010].
D.V. Yurchenko, studying German zoonymic PU by structural and semantic
features, identifies two large classes of phraseological units
–
phraseological units and
phraseological expressions. At the same time, he notes that all phraseological expressions
are predicatively formed, have the main features of a German sentence, and do not have
free syntactic positions [Yurchenko,2001].
N.A. Skitina approaches the study of zoonymic phraseologisms from a cognitive
point of view. It groups Russian, English, and German animal names into two phrase
semantic fields:
“
inner man
”
and
“
outer man
”
. The first field includes macro concepts
such as
“
character
”
,
“
mental abilities
”
,
“
emotional state
”
and
“
sensation
”
. In the second
field, such macro-concepts as
“
man as a living being
”, “man as a social being”
, and
“
man in
society
”
are highlighted.
E.L. Taukova studies animalistic phraseological units from different aspects:
pragmatic and linguoculturological. The object of the study was not only phraseological
units with a component
–
the name of the animal, but also those that describe the actions
performed by animals. The scientist compares the units of English and Russian, resorting
to a functional-parametric description. She notes the possibility of the phraseological unit
content plan to be divided into elementary meanings: categorical-grammatical,
denotative, evaluative, motivational, emotive, and stylistic.
The scientist K. Chuluunkhishig studied phraseological units with the component-
pet on the material of the Russian and Mongolian languages. K. Chuluunhishig points out
that the linguistic picture of the world is a multilevel phenomenon, the formation of
which is influenced by the following factors: the environment, the psyche, and the laws of
language development; which, accordingly, can be found in individual units of language,
in particular, in the language of the individual [Chuluunkhishig, 2000].
Another problem in the study of phraseological units characterizing a person is the
equivalence of phraseological units in two or more languages. M.A. Sulaimanova,
analyzing qualitative characteristics of a person in Uzbek and German phraseology, tries
to determine equivalents and analogs. She points out that phraseological equivalents are
phraseological units, identical in semantics, structural and grammatical organization, and
lexical composition. Depending on the differences in terms of expression, they can be
divided into two types. In her opinion, the full equivalence of phraseological unit is a
complete coincidence of the plan of expression, and the plan of the content of
phraselogism, when they have the same structural and grammatical organization, lexical
composition, and connotation. Complete phraseological equivalents in the studied
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
1
№
5 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3701
15
languages make up a relatively small number, which should be explained by the
belonging of the German and Uzbek languages to different morphological types and
belonging to different language families. Partial equivalence of phraseological units is
minor differences in terms of the expression with the identity of semantics.
Phraseological analogs are Phraseological units that express a similar meaning but have
differences in the structural and grammatical system, lexical composition, and stylistic
relatedness. Equivalent phraseological units do not have semantic similarities in the
phraseological system of another language, and they make up a small part of their total
number in both languages, whereas equivalents and analogs of PU that qualitatively
characterize a person make up a significant number [M.A. Sulaimanova, 2005].
Based on the trichotomy of English, French, and Russian, E.M. Maklakova compares
the structural and grammatical organization of PU with the zoonymic component.
Despite the different structures of the compared languages, the researcher reveals the
correspondence of structural types: verb, substantive, adjective, adverbial, interjective
and PU with the sentence structure. The group of verbal PU with zoonymic component is
the most numerous in the target languages, where six structural models of the same type.
Thus, PU with the zoonym component are highly informative combinations in
which zoonyms are the core element. This element gives the PU expressiveness,
liveliness, and colorfulness, hides the main idea, and has a high degree of
anthropocentricity. PU has been examined in terms of various criteria by a variety of
scientists. Extralinguistic factors play an important role, which are based on observations
of animal habits and their comparison with human behavior. No less popular is the
semantic classification of PU with zoonymic component. Depending on the semantic
significance, the zoonym component can function in both explicit and implicit meanings.
Several researchers have examined the structural and grammatical organization of
zoonymic PU, and most of them classify them as substantive, verbal, adverbial, and
adjective.
REFERENCES:
1.
Абдуллаева С.Б. Английские и узбекские фразеологические единицы с
компонентом –
зоонимом Хорижий филология: тил, адабиёт, таълим. Илмий
-
услубий журнал. –
Самарқанд: СамДЧТИ, 2019. –
№ 4. –
Б.68
-72
2.
Абдуллаева С.Б. Названия домашних животных в английских и узбекских
фразеологических единицах. Язык и культура, 2020
3.
Алдиабани Ареф Али Салах. Фразеологические единицы, выражающие
интеллектуальные способности человека в английском и русском языках: Дисс. ...
канд. филол. наук. –
Казань, 2003. –
199 с.
4.
Ашурова Д.У. Развитие когнитивной лингвистики в Узбекистане//
Хорижий филология. №3. –
Самарканд, СамГИИЯ, 2016. –
С.54
-60
5.
Галимова О.М. Этнокультурная специфика зоонимической лексики,
характеризующей человека (на материале русского и немецкого языков): Дисс. ...
канд. филол. наук. –
Уфа, 2004. –
309 с.
6.
Гвоздарев Ю.А. Основы русского фразообразования. Монография. 2
-
е изд.,
испр. и доп. / Отв. ред. проф. Л.Б. Савенкова. Ростов
-
на
-
Дону: НМЦ «Логос», 2010. –
246 с.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
1
№
5 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3701
16
7.
Зарипов Б. Зоонимларнинг бадиий санъат турларини ҳосил қилишдаги
иштироки (Алишер Навои асарлари асосида): Филол. фанлари номзоди.... дисс. –
Тошкент, 2002. –
128 б.
8.
Караматова К.М., Караматов Х.С. Proverbs. Maqollar.Пословицы. –
Т.: Mehnat,
2000.
–
400c.
9.
Насруллаева Н.З. Формирование гендерных концептов в английской и
узбекской фразеологических картинах мира: Дисс. … д
-
ра филол. наук. –
Ташкент,
2018.
–
250 с.
