Средства языковой выразительности, создающие законченные значения на английском и узбекском языках

Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika

–

Зарубежная

лингвистика

и

лингводидактика

–

Foreign

Linguistics and Linguodidactics

Journal home page:

https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics

Linguistic means of expressing completeness in English
and Uzbek languages

Manuchekhr SALOKHIDDINOV

1

Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Article history:

Received December 2023

Received in revised form

10 December 2023
Accepted 25 January 2024

Available online

25 February 2024

This article analyzes the various linguistic units involved in

structures expressing completeness. These units are considered

as the main morphological feature denoting the meaning of

completeness, and act as key elements in the composition of the

syntactic structure. In addition, the vocabulary defines the term

“completed stage” using indicators meaning completion. In the

process of analysis, the types of linguistic means of expression

that form the meaning of completeness in the English and

Uzbek languages are identified.

2181-3663

/©

2024 in Science LLC.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss1-pp41-45

This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International

(CC BY 4.0) license (

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru

)

Keywords:

semantic-syntactic meaning,

microsystem,

structural component,
denotative meaning,

nominative unit.

Ingliz va O

‘zbek tillarida tugallangan ma’nolarni hosil

qiluvchi lisoniy ifoda vositalari

ANNOTATSIYA

Kalit so‘zlar

:

semantik-

sintaktik ma’no,

mikrosistema,

strukturaviy komponent,

denotativ ma’no,

nominativ birlik.

Ushbu maqolada tugallanganlik ifoda topgan tuzilmalarda

ishtirok etadigan turli lisoniy birliklar ushbu ma’noni
ko‘rsatuvchi asosiy morfologik belgi hisoblanishi va sintaktik

tuzilmani tashkil qiluvchi asosiy elementligi muhokama

qilinadi. Bundan tashqari, leksik vositalar ham tugallanganlikni

anglatuvchi ko‘rsatkichlar sanalishi tugallangan faza atamasiga

ta’rif berilgan. Tahlil jarayonida ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida
tugallangan ma’nolarni hosil qiluvchi lisoniy ifoda vositalarining

turlarni aniqlandi.

1

Lecturer, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages

Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika

–

Зарубежная лингвистика

и лингводидактика

–

Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics

Issue

–

2

№

1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701

42

Средства языковой выразительности, создающие

законченные значения на английском и узбекском

языках

АННОТАЦИЯ

Ключевые слова:

семантико

-

синтаксическое значение,

микросистема,

структурный компонент,

денотативное значение,

номинативная единица

.

В данной статье анализируются различные языковые

единицы, участвующие в структурах, выражающих

завершенность. Эти единицы рассматриваются как

основной морфологический признак, обозначающий

значение завершенности, и выступают как ключевые

элементы в составлении синтаксической структуры. Кроме

того, в лексике определяется термин «завершенный этап»

с помощью показателей, означающих завершение.

В процессе анализа выделены виды языковых средств

выразительности,

которые

формируют

значения

завершенности в английском и узбекском языках.

KIRISH

Har qanday voqea-

hodisa, holat, jarayon temporal hodisa sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi.

Chunki, ular o‘tmishga, hozirgi vaqtga yoki kelajakka xos bo‘lgan hodisalar sanaladi. Tildagi

ushbu semantik-sintaktik

ma’nolarining o‘zgarishi fe’llarning qo‘llanilishiga va grammatik

shakllarga bog‘liq hisoblanadi. Ma’lumki, fe’l semantikasining boshqa leksik grammatik

sinflarga qaraganda, gapda, nutqda sintagmatik bog‘lanishi boyroq bo‘lishi bilan bir qatorda,

gapdagi grammatik belgilar ma’nosining boshqarilishiga, ma’nolar mazmunining o‘zgarishiga

olib keladi. Fe’llar zamon doirasidagi semantikasi maydonining xilma

-xil sintaktik shakl

yasalishi, gap semantikasining turli-

tumanliligi bilan boshqa so‘z turkumlaridan ajralib turadi.

Demak, fe’l tuzilishining leksik

-grammatik mikrosistemada, kontekst munosabatida tahlil

qilinishi nafaqat gapning funksional xususiyatlari, balki ob’yektiv reallik ma’nolari, nutqning

ma’no va mazmunini o‘zgarishidagi farqlarini yoritib beradi. Fe’llar leksik semantikasining

tahlili ko‘p ma’nolikka oid masalalarini ochib berishda, semantik

-sintaktik maydondagi

strukturaviy komponentlar va morfologik belgilar o‘rtasidagi aloqalarni aniqlashda ham

muhim o‘rin tutadi.

ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI VA METODOLOGIYASI

Ingliz tilidagi chegaralangan xususiyatli holat fe’llarining Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary of Current English izohli lug‘atida keltirilgan ma’nolariga e’tibor qaratamiz:

to die

–

1.

to stop living

–

yashashdan to‘xtamoq yoki

kimningdir yoki nimaningdir hayoti

oxiriga yetmoq. Masalan:

Her husband died suddenly last week.

To die

fe’lining ushbu

izohida, harakat chegaralangan. Shunga asosan keltirilgan misolni “uning turmush

o‘rtog‘i to‘satdan o‘tgan hafta olamdan o‘tdi” mazmunida anglaymiz. Bu misolda kishining

hayotdan ko‘z yumishi bilan uning harakati nihoyasiga yetganligi ma’lum qilinadi.

Lug‘atdagi keyingi ma’no:

2. to stop existing; to disappear

–

mavjud bo‘lishdan to‘xtamoq,

g‘oyib bo‘lmoq. Masalan:

His secret died with him. Old customs are dying.

To die

fe’li

ushbu izohda ham chegaralangan harakatni ifodalamoqda. Keyingi ma’no: 3.

to stop

working (of a machine)

–

ishdan chiqmoq, ishlashdan to‘xtamoq. Masalan:

The engine

spluttered and died.

To die

fe’li ish

-

harakatning to‘xtashini, yakuniga yetishini bildirib,

chegaralangan xususiyatni kasb etmoqda.

Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika

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Зарубежная лингвистика

и лингводидактика

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Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics

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2

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1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701

43

To die fe’lining izohli lug‘atda keltirilgan denotativ ma’nolarining uchalasida ham

chegaralangan ish-harakat kuzatildi.

To blush

–

1. to become red in the face because you are embarrassed or ashamed:

She blushed furiously at the memory of the conversation

. 2. to be ashamed or embarrassed

or ashamed about sth:

I blush to admit it, but I quite like her music.

To blush fe’li sub’yektning bir holatdan boshqa holatga o‘tish ma’nosini bildirib,

chegaralangan xususiyatga ega.

Endi esa ingliz tilida chegaralangan xususiyatli harakat fe’llarini ko‘rib chiqamiz.

Quyidagi: to break, to come, to reach, to enter, to leave, to build, to open, to win, to start,
to start

va boshqa fe’llarni chegaralangan harakat fe’llari guruhiga kiritishimiz mumkin.

Ingliz tilidagi ushbu chegaralangan xususiyatli harakat fe’llarining izohli lug‘atda

keltirilgan ma’nolariga e’tibor qaratamiz:

to enter

–

1. to come or go into sth.

Someone entered the room behind me.

2. to become a member of an institution; to start working in an organization or a
profession.

To enter a college/university.

3. to begin or become involved in an activity, a

situation.

Several new farms have now entered the market

. 4. to put your name on the list

for an exam, a race, a competition.

Only four British players have entered for the

championship.

to enter fe’li ob’yektning ichki qismiga yo‘nalgan harakatni ifodalamoqda.

Bu fe’lning semantikasi ichki chegara (harakatning tugal nuqtaga intilishi)ga ega, harakat
ichki chegaraga yetib to‘xtaydi.

To break

–

1. to be damaged and separated into two or more parts.

She dropped the

plate and it broke into pieces.

2. to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage

sth and stop it from working.

My watch has broken

. 3. to cut the surface of the skin and

make it bleed.

The dog bit me but didn’t break the skin

. 4. to do sth that is against the law;

to not keep a promise.

To break the law/rules; to breek an agreement/ a contract/a word

.

5. sustain an injury involving the fracture of a bone or bones in a part of the div:

She had

broken her leg in two places.

To break fe’lining lug‘atda keltirilgan barcha ma’nosida chegaralangan ish

-harakat

ifodalangan. Quyidagi misolda to break fe’lining argument yoki jarayon ko‘rsatkichi bo‘lgan
for predlogi yordamida chegaralanmagan ma’noga ega bo‘lishini kuzatishimiz mumkin:

Kelly broke the glass in 10 seconds/for 10 seconds.

Xuddi shuningdek, to reach fe’liga lug‘atda berilgan izohlarga e’tibor

qaratamiz:

To reach

–

1.to arrive at the place that you have been travelling to.

They didn’t reach

the border until after dark

. 2. to come to sb’s attention.

The rumours eventually reached

the President

. 3. to increase to a particular level, speed, etc. over a period of time.

The conflict has now reached a new level of intensity

. Ushbu gapda to reach fe’li yakuniy

punktga intilgan va unga yetib tugallanganlikni bildirmoqda. Harakat ob’yektga yetib

borib tugallanib, chegaralanganlik ifodalanmoqda.

To start

–

1.to begin doing or using sth.

I start work at nine. I only started this book

yesterday

. 2. to start happening; to make sth start happening.

The class started at eight

.

3. to begin a journey; to leave.

What time are we starting tomorrow?

To start

fe’liharakatning boshlanishini (1,2), biror muhitni, joyni tark etish (3) ma’nosini anglatib,

chegaralangan harakatni ifodalamoqda.

To leave

–

1.to go away from a person or a place.

The plane leaves for Dallas at

12.35

. 2. to stop living at a place, belonging to a group, working for an employer, etc.

Some

children leave school at 16. 3. to not do sth or deal with sth immediately. Leave the dishes

–

Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika

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Зарубежная лингвистика

и лингводидактика

–

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I’ll do them later.

Demak, to leave fe’li sub’yekt biror muhit, o‘z joylashgan o‘rnini (1),

biror muhitni tark

etish (2), biror harakatni bajarishdan to‘xtash (3), ma’nosini anglatib,

chegaralangan harakatni ifodalamoqda.

To come

–

1.to move to or towards a person or place.

He came into he room and shut

the door. She comes to work by bus

. 2. to arrive at or reach a place.

They continued until

they came to a river. What time did you come?

To come

fe’li sub’yektning biror bir

ob’yektga yetish ma’nosini bildirib, chegaralanganlik xususiyatiga ega bo‘lmoqda.

To open

–

1.to move a door, window, lid, etc.

So that it is no longer closed: Mr Chen

opened the car door for his wife.

2 to move the lid, undo fastening of a container in order

to see or get what is inside:

He opened the letter and read it.

Ushbu fe’lning ikkala

ma’nosida ham harakat ichki chegaraga yo‘nalganlik ma’nosi mavjud bo‘lib,

chegaralanganlik xususiyatini beradi.

To win

–

1. to be the most succesful in a competition, race, battle, etc.:

France won

by six goals to two against Denmark

. 2. to get sth as the result of a competition, race,

election:

Britain won five gold medals

.

Keltirilgan harakat fe’llari semantikasi harakatning boshlanish yoki yakuniy

nuqtasining mavjudligi bilan chegaralangan xususiyatli fe’llar guruhiga mansubdir.
Tahlilni boshqa fe’llar misolida davom ettiramiz.

To build

fe’li quyidagi ma’noga ega: to make sth, especially a building, by putting

parts together:

Robins build nests almost anywhere.

Izohli lug‘atda keltirilgan

ma’nosiga

ko‘ra to build fe’li chegaralangan xususiyatga ega.

Verkyul to built fe’lining chegaralanganlik xususiyati gapdagi vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi

ta’sirida o‘zgarishi mumkin deb hisoblaydi:

Mary built houses for a week/in a week.

Dowty esa chegaralanganlik/chegaralanmaganlik xususiyatlari aslida fe’l predikati

asosida o‘rganilishi kerak, deb hisoblaydi.

Muhokama va natijalar.

Ushbu maqolada biz to die, to blush kabiholat fe’llari

hamda harakat fe’llari bo‘lgan to break, to come, to reach, to enter, to leave, to build,

to open, to win, to start fe’llarining aksional xususiyatlarini ularning leksik ma’nolari
asosida ko‘rib chiqdik. Sanab o‘tilgan fe’llarning izohli lug‘atlarda keltirilgan ma’nolarini
tahlil qilib, ushbu fe’llarni chegaralangan xususiyatli holat va harakat fe’llari guruhiga
kiritdik. Chunki, ushbu fe’llarning barcha izohli lug‘atlardagi ma’nolarida harakatning

chegaraga intilganlik semantikasi mavjud.

Asosiy predikat doirasida ifodalanadigan tugallangan ma’no predikatning asosini

tashkil qiluvchi fe’lning leksik ma’nosi bilan bog‘liq. Mazkur holda holat o‘zgarishi
natijasida yuzaga keladigan tugallanganlik agensga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘ladi, ega vazifasida
qo‘llanilgan nominativ birlikning sifatiy xususiyati yoki holatining o‘zgarishiga olib
kelinadi. Mazkur jihatlar ko‘proq ingliz tiliga xos xususiyat sanaladi.

Tugallanganlik ifoda topgan tuzilmalarda ishtirok etadigan turli lisoniy birliklar

ushbu ma’noni ko‘rsatuvchi asosiy morfologik belgi hisoblanadi va sintaktik tuzilmani

tashkil qiluvchi asosiy element sifatida tan olinadi. Bundan tashqari, leksik vositalar ham

tugallanganlikni anglatuvchi ko‘rsatkichlar sanaladi. Shuning uchun ham ba’zi hollarda
tugallangan faza atamasi ishlatiladi. Tahlil jarayonida ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida
tugallangan ma’nolarni hosil qiluvchi lisoniy ifoda vositalarining quyidagilari turlarni

aniqlandi:

Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika

–

Зарубежная лингвистика

и лингводидактика

–

Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics

Issue

–

2

№

1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701

45

1)

tugallangan tuzilmada ishtirok etayotgan fe’l nominativ argumentning miqdoriy

ko‘rsatkichi, sub’yektning holat o‘zgarishi ob’yektning parchalanish xususiyati,

predikatning cheklanganlik xususiyati mavjudligi;

2)

sub’yekt tomonidan amalga oshirilgan harakatning yakuniy, tugal nuqtasining

mavjudligi mantiqan namoyon bo‘ladi;

3)

tugallangan tuzilmalarning shakllanishida yetakchi va ko‘makchi fe’llarning

leksik ma’nosi, chegaralangan aksional xususiyati (o‘zbek tiliga xos) muhim ahamiyat

kasb etadi;

4) ingliz tilida tugallanganlik aniq morfologik belgilarga ega, jumladan, dinamik

xususiyatli fe’llarning perfekt shaklida qo‘llanilishi, chegaralangan aksional xususiyat
hamda tugallangan ma’noga ega faza fe’llarning infinitiv yoki gerundiy bilan birikishi

orqali amalga oshiriladi;

5)

o‘zbek tilida tugallangan tuzilmalar lokativ, instrumental otga nisbatan bajarilgan

harakatni aks ettiradi;

6)

o‘zbek tilida tugallangan tuzilmalar sifatdosh shakli, “bo‘lmoq”, “qilmoq”,

“chiqmoq”, “tugatmoq” fe’llarining yetakchi va ko‘makchi vazifalarida nominativ
birlikning holat o‘zgarishini anglatganda hosil bo‘ladi;

7)

ikkala tilda ham tugallangan ma’noni anglatuvchi fe’l leksemalarining mavjudligi

ushbu mazmunni semantik farqlovchi belgilari hisoblanadi;

8) ikkala tilda ham zamonga xos grammatik shakllar yordamida tugallanganlik

ifodalanadi. Mazkur hollarda fe’lning aksional chegaralangan xususiyati muhim ahamiyat

kasb etadi;

9)

ingliz tilida tugallanganlik ma’nosini ko‘rsatuvchi posleloglar mavjud bo‘lib,

ularga up, over kabilarni kiritish mumkin. Shuningdek, ingliz tilidagi predlogli (in two

hours) qurilmalar ham tugallanganlikning muhim ko‘rsatkichlari sirasiga kiradi.

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI.

1.

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–

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–

448 p.

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Jackendoff R. Semantic structures.

–

Cambridge Massachusetts: Massachusetts

Institute of Technology. 1990.

–

312p.

3.

Dowty D. Word meaning and Montague grammar. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1979.

–

415p.

4.

Rasulov R., S Muhamedova

–

Muayyan harakat fe’llarining ma’no tuzilishi va

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5.

Verkuyl H. J. Formal Semantics Course. Lectures delivered in the St. Petersburg

State University, 2002.

–

P. 71-109.6.

The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current

English.

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СПИИП

.

«Сенгилей». –Ставрополь

, 1992.

–

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.

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Nasrullaeva, N. Z. (2018). The formation of gender concepts in the English and

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Салиева, З. И. (2021). СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОГО

ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В УЧЕБНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ.

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