Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
A cross-sectional study of medical terms in English and
Uzbek languages
Subkhida JABBOROVA
Termez University of Economics and Service
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received March 2024
Received in revised form
10 April 2024
Accepted 25 April 2024
Available online
25 July 2024
The study aims to analyze the teaching of English for medical
purposes in modern higher education institutions. English plays
a key role in the professional careers of doctors and medical
specialists, especially in the context of participation in
international
projects,
which
stimulates
professional
development. The article emphasizes the importance of
highlighting specific aspects of teaching English to medical
students. The authors present their concept of a medical-
oriented English language course, justifying the necessity of its
integration into the educational process to improve the
qualification and international competitiveness of future
medical professionals.
2181-3663
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss3-pp310-315
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
English for special purposes,
Medical English,
medical terminology,
professional communication.
Ingliz va o
‘
zbek tillarida Tibbiyotga oid terminlarning
chog
‘
ishtirma tadqiqi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit
so‘zlar
:
Ingliz tili,
tibbiyot terminologiya,
professional muloqot.
Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi zamonaviy oliy ta’limda tibbiy
maqsadlarda ingliz tilini o‘qitish bilan bog‘liq masalalarni ko‘rib
chiqishdir. Ma
’
lumki, ingliz tili tibbiyotdagi muvaffaqiyatli
professional martabaning ajralmas qismidir. Bundan tashqari,
tibbiyot sohasidagi turli xalqaro loyihalar keng tarqalmoqda,
ularda ishtirok etish ham tibbiyot xodimlarining malakasini
oshirishning muhim qismidir. Ushbu maqolada mualliflar
tibbiyot talabalariga ingliz tilini o‘rgatishning ayrim jihatlarini
ko‘rib chiqish muhimligini asoslab berishadi va tibbiy
maqsadlarda ingliz tili o‘rganish kontseptsiyasini taklif qilishadi.
1
Termez University of Economics and Service. E-mail: jabborovasubhida@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
311
Поперечное исследование медицинских терминов на
английском и узбекском языках
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
английский для
специальных целей,
медицинский английский,
медицинская
терминология,
профессиональное
общение.
Исследование направлено на анализ преподавания
английского языка для медицинских целей в современных
высших учебных заведениях. Английский язык играет
ключевую роль в профессиональной карьере врачей и
медицинских специалистов, особенно в контексте участия в
международных
проектах,
что
стимулирует
профессиональное развитие. В статье подчеркивается
важность освещения конкретных аспектов преподавания
английского
языка
студентам
-
медикам.
Авторы
представляют свою концепцию курса английского языка,
ориентированного на медицинскую сферу, обосновывая
необходимость его интеграции в учебный процесс для
повышения
квалификации
и
международной
конкурентоспособности будущих медицинских работников.
INTRODUCTION
The growth of international medical relations, the development of medical
professionals' communication in English and German, and the rise in the number of
specialists engaged in international communication are all indicative of an increased
interest in the study of medicine. Vocabulary and the issue with its translation also play a
role in this context. The primary objective of the process of perceiving, comprehending,
interpreting, and translating medical texts is to facilitate the communication of the
profound cognitive content of terminological units in the most understandable, succinct,
and comfortable way possible for speakers of the receiving language culture. [3, p. 181].
Translation of medical discourse texts requires translators to have a fairly deep
theoretical knowledge of this subject area of science and to have some preparation in the
practice of written translation, functional stylistics, text linguistics, and also terminology
[5, p. 576]. The translation process when working with texts of medical discourse is
characterized by certain specifics and regularities, which come to light when studying
translation decisions related, inter alia, to medical terminology. In light of the foregoing,
the purpose of this article is to analyze the methods for translating medical terms in the
texts of instructions for the use of medicines, different in terms of their structure, origin
and content.
METHOD
Medical terminology is a collection of unique items that are recognized as standard
units of a unique item that serves the official medical field's scientific or professional
domain [1, p. 31
–
32]. The term is examined in this study from a linguistic standpoint,
where it is viewed as a functional lexical unit that assumes the characteristics of the word
[6, p. 86]. Three categories of requirements comprise the term: form, pragmatic qualities,
and content requirements. Note that in this instance, the requirements are a list of
qualities that the term must have. The following elements are included in the first group
(content requirements): semantics unambiguity (the desire for unambiguity), semantic
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
312
consistency (correspondence between the meaning of the term as a lexical unit and its
meaning in this phrase within the framework of one terminology), completeness (the
minimum number should be reflected in the meaning of the term signs sufficient to
identify the concept designated by him) and the absence of synonyms [6, p. 90]. The
second group (form requirements) includes brevity (elimination of meaningless
elements), derivational term ability (ability to form new words), compliance with
language standards (elimination of deviations from grammatical and phonetic norms,
summing up language standards, elimination of professional jargon), the requirement of
invariance (invariance of the form of terms) and semantic transparency (display in the
structure of a given term of the relationship with this concept, which he calls, etc. ugim
concepts) [6, p. 90]. The requirements of the third group (pragmatic) include modernity
(supplanting outdated terms), internationality (matching the form and content of the
term in at least three national languages), implantation (adoption of the term by
specialists), harmony and esotericism (striving for different formulations for isolating
professional communication) [6, p. 90]. A Bi-Monthly, Peer Reviewed International
Journal [7] Volume 2 Two types of translation operations can be used to convey terms.
First, the use of cross-language correspondences (equivalents). Secondly, in the absence
of an equivalent, the translator can take the path of creating a new term using translation
techniques such as transliteration or transcription; descriptive translation; the use of
tracing is not excluded. Terms that do not have correspondences in the translating
language can be attributed to the so-called equivalent vocabulary, and the transfer of the
meanings of equivalent terms is subject to the same rules by which nonequivalent
vocabulary is translated in general. It should be borne in mind that the transfer of
equivalent terms does not allow an approximate translation, since the state of
“proximity” itself contradicts the accurate transmission of information [7, p. 245
-246].
MATERIAL OF RESEARCH
One kind of medical text
–
usage instructions for medications
–
was selected in
order to examine the characteristics of the translation of medical terminology. Two usage
manuals for medications like Nurofen 200 mg Coated Tablets (available in both English
and Russian) served as a source of information for the study. We used the most recent
iterations of the instruction texts (last updated in 2017) for the analysis that is being
presented. 136 language pairs of terminological units were found during the examination
of translation transformations between the Russian and English versions of the
directions for using the medication Nurofen. The study's findings. The following criteria
were used to evaluate each language pair among the terminological units chosen by the
continuous sampling method: When determining the structural organization of medical
terms for instructions on the use of drugs, the taxonomy proposed by S. V. Shvetsova was
chosen as a classification model [9, p. 15].
According to this classification, all terminological units are divided into the
following groups: a) simple terms, which are understood as one-word terms, the
foundations of which coincide with the root, b) complex terms, which are one-word
terms, the basics of which contain several root morphemes, c) terminological
combinations, i.e. terms formed by combining two or more terminological components.
By the morphemic structure of the word, another type of term stands out
–
abbreviations
[4, p. 158].
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
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2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
313
The increase in the number of Russian translational terminological combinations is
explained by the fact that Russian medical terms have a more complex structure than
English, which, in turn, tends to save language costs [2, p. 911]. In addition, the data
obtained during the analysis of medical terminology in the instructions for use in English
and Russian show that the special medical vocabulary is mainly represented by
terminological combinations both in English (78 units out of 136) and in Russian
(89 units out 136), which in turn confirms the point of view of modern scientists that the
majority of the lexical fund in all terminological systems of medicine is composed of
multicomponent terminological combinations [8, p. 20]. In the selected simple
terminological units (30 terms in total), 77%, or 23 units, retained the structural type of
the simple term in Russian. In the form of terminological combinations 7 units (23%)
were transmitted.
As for abbreviations, in English and Russian, the number of such usage is 5 units
(in each of the languages). Compared to other structural types, abbreviations are not
represented in large volumes. However, if we take into account the fact that the selection
was carried out only from the texts of the instructions of one preparation, then we can
draw a preliminary conclusion that abbreviations are a quite often used method of
designating terminological units.
Studying the history of the formation of the language of medical science and the
sources of terminological units made it possible to distribute all the selected English
terms into the following groups [10; eleven]:
1. terms that are wholly or partially Greek or Latin origin: 76 terms (56%)
(concomitant therapy; dyspnoea; hematoma; clinical particulars; list of excipients (s);
gastric emptying; abdominal pain; acute renal failure);
2. primordial terms: 54 terms (39%) (head colds; skin rashes; corticosteroids;
marketing authorization holder; shelf life; blister tray; low dose; Stevens-Johnson
syndrome);
A general study of the used translation techniques of medical terms in the text of
the instructions revealed the following patterns:
A) in most cases, the translation of terminological units in the texts of the
instructions is based on the selection in the PL of existing established lexical
correspondences. In the material studied, 50 medical terms (37%) were transmitted in
Uzbek in the form of lexical units traditionally used in the corresponding meaning, for
example, nature and contents of container
–
release form; coadministration
–
concurrent
administration; bronchospasm in response to aspirin
–
"aspirin" bronchial asthma;
clinical particulars
–
pharmacological action; interaction with other medicinal products
–
drug interaction, etc.;
B) another common way of transferring to YP is tracing technique, with the help of
which 27 terminological units were transmitted in Russian, which amounted to 20% of
the total number of terms in the instructions, for example, Crohn's Disease
–
Crohn's
disease; skin rashes
–
skin rash; contraindications
–
contraindications; dental pain
–
toothache;
C) for 8% of the terms or 11 units, the method of transmission to PL was the
method of explication, for example, a coated tablet
–
coated tablets; erythema multiforme
–
erythema multiforme exudative; the name of the medicinal product
–
international
nonproprietary name; fever
–
fever;
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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и лингводидактика
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Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
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D) the transfer of 8 units (6%) in Russian was carried out using full or partial
transliteration, for example, thrombocytopenia
–
thrombocytopenia; anti-coagulants
–
anticoagulants; diuretics
–
diuretics; talc
–
talc; Macrogol 6000
–
Macrogol 6000;
The terms of the section for the names of diseases and symptoms are translated
mainly by transcription, transliteration, and tracing, for example, abdominal pain
–
abdominal pain; cardiac glycosides
–
cardiac glycosides; bronchial asthma
–
bronchial
asthma; thrombocytopenia
–
thrombocytopenia; skin rashes
–
skin rash; muscular strain
–
muscle pains. In addition, the presence of a large number (33 units
–
24%) of
commonly used terms, which more often refer to the group of terms for the names of
diseases and symptoms, was noted in the composition of the selected terminological
material.
CONCLUSION
An analysis of two instructions for the use of medicines Nurofen 200 mg Coated
Tablets (in English) and Nurofen (in Uzbek), revealed the most common translation
techniques for the transfer of medical terms in YP, which include the selection of an
established lexical correspondence, a combination of several techniques, tracing and
explication. It is important to note that when translating medical terminology, general
lexical and grammatical transformations are used that are used in texts of any genre.
A large percentage of terms translated using the selection of a stable lexical unit, as well
as explication, indicates that medical terminology in Uzbek has its own established
linguistic tradition, while methods of tracing, transliteration and transcription draw
attention to the fact that medical terminology in general has an international character,
shows a tendency to maintain lexical unity due to the desire to copy special vocabulary
from one language to another.
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