Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Lingua cognitive and lingua cultural aspects of language
describing women characters in Uzbek and English
literature (based on the novels “Bygone Days” by
A.
Kadiriy and “Pride and Prejudice” by J.
Austen)
Kamola IKRAMOVA
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received July 2024
Received in revised form
10 August 2024
Accepted 25 August 2024
Available online
25 September 2024
This research article explores and compares the
linguacultural and linguacognitive aspects of language used to
represent women in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice in
English and A.
Kadiriy’s Bygone Days in Uzbek. Through
contrastive analysis, it examines the cultural and linguistic
nuances embedded in expressions related to human
characteristics and behavior. Drawing on theories from
phraseology, translation studies, and cultural linguistics, the
research aims to reveal how these linguistic elements reflect
cultural identity, social norms, and linguistic structures in both
languages. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of
language evolution and cultural reflection within literary
classics, shedding light on the complex interrelationship
between language and culture.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss3
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
lingua cultural and lingua
cognitive,
contrastive analysis,
cultural identity,
social norms,
linguistic nuances,
literary works.
O‘zbek va ingliz adabiyotida ayol obrazlarini tavsiflovchi
tilning lingva kognitiv va lingva madaniy jihatlari. (A.
Qodiriyning “O‘tgan kunlar”, J. Ostenning “G‘urur va
xurofot” romanlari asosida)
АННОТАЦИЯ
Kalit so‘zlar
:
lingva-madaniy va lingvual
kognitiv,
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Jeyn Ostenning ingliz tilidagi “G‘urur
va andisha” va o‘zbek tillarida A.
Qodiriyning “O‘tgan kunlar”
asarlarida ayollarni ifodalovchi tilning lingvo madaniy va lingvo
1
Scientific researcher, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages. Email: kamolaikramova471@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
149
kontrastiv tahlil,
madaniy o‘ziga xoslik,
ijtimoiy me’yorlar,
lingvistik nuanslar,
adabiy asarlar.
kognitiv jihatlari
o‘rganiladi va taqqoslanadi. Qiyosiy tahlil
orqali ararlardagi inson xususiyatlari ularning xulq-atvori bilan
bog‘liq bo‘lgan iboralarga kiritilgan madaniy va lingvistik
farqlar o‘rganiladi. Frazeologiya, tarjimashunoslik va madaniy
tilshunoslik nazariyalariga tayangan holda tadqiqot ushbu
lingvistik elementlarning har ikki tilda madaniy o‘ziga xoslik,
ijtimoiy me’yorlar va til tuzilmalarini qanday aks ettirishini
ochib berishga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot adabiy mumtoz asar
kontekstida til o‘zgarishi va madaniyat
ni aks ettirishni
chuqurroq tushunishga yordam beradi shu bilan bir qatorda til
va madaniyat o‘rtasidagi murakkab o‘zaro bog‘liqlikni yoritadi.
Лингвокогнитивные и лингвокультурологические
аспекты описания женских персонажей в узбекской и
английской литературе
(на материале романов
«Минувшие дни» А. Кадыри и «Гордость и
предубеждение» Дж. Остин)
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
лингвокультурный и
лингвокогнитивный
анализ,
контрастивный анализ,
культурная идентичность,
социальные нормы,
языковые нюансы,
литературные
произведения.
В данной исследовательской статье изучаются и
сравниваются лингвокультурные и лингвокогнитивные
аспекты языка, представляющего женщин в произведениях
Джейн Остин «Гордость и предубеждение» и «Минувшие
дни» А. Кадыри на английском и узбекском языках.
Посредством
контрастного
анализа
исследуются
культурные и языковые нюансы, заложенные в
выражениях,
связанных
с
человеческими
характеристиками и поведением. Опираясь на теории
фразеологии, переводоведения и лингвокультурологии,
исследование направлено на выявление того, как эти
лингвистические
элементы
отражают
культурную
идентичность, социальные нормы и лингвистические
структуры в обоих языках. Данное исследование
способствует более глубокому пониманию языковых
изменений и культурной рефлексии в контексте
классической литературы, а также проливает свет на
сложную взаимосвязь между языком и культурой.
INTRODUCTION
Jane Austen is one of the most famous women British writers of the nineteenth
century. Her novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) deals with the position of
women and
their social expectations, most of which are related to marriage.
The protagonist of this
novel represents a unique response to those expectations, which is a product of her way
of thinking. Women in the nineteenth century did not have much choice when it came to
their future. They could either get married or become governesses if they were educated
enough (Nirmala Kumari, 2017). The novel depicts the concept of women and their status
in society using different lingua-cultural units. There are a lot of critics who analyzed the
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
150
novels of Jane Austen from different perspectives. When it comes to Jane Austen, the
critics consider her as a pure feminist; she is a woman with a strong personality who is
born to break the rules. However, both Jane Austen and her protagonist Elizabeth Bennet
share the same treats and similarities besides the similar vision of man and success.
Elizabeth's happy ending was by marriage and Jane Austen's was by publishing her
stories. These treats in both lives lead to question the feminism and the auto fictionality
of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice (1813). In this light, this article aimed to
examine the reflection and the impact of Jane Austen’s family and society on her novel
Pride and Prejudice (Rima Dekhil, 2022). When the writer chooses heroes, characters,
and life elements for his work, his work is always aimed at a certain goal. That's why
every writer assigns a certain meaning to the image and describes it with individual
qualities, that's it speaks with meaning, purpose, and moves. Each lexicon's stylistic
element plays a very important role. This is A. Kadiriy, one of the great figures of Uzbek
literature of the 20th century. We can see it in the example of Kadiriy's novel "The
Bygone Days". This work is a huge and clear mirror in which the specific historical
conditions of the Uzbek nation are described. His life, customs, spiritual and spiritual
world, height, and appearance are widely described in the novel. At the same time, the
women shown in the work are part of the culture. The images of Kumush, Zaynab,
Khushruy and Uzbekoyim are characterized differently. For example, Oftoboyim is
described as a positive character. Despite belonging to the same social environment and
the same gender, these women are very different, vivid images. Zaynab and Khushruh are
depicted in a negative image. The writer has a special love and sincere beauty to Kumush.
Kumush’s pure and all
-encompassing love creates the image of Kumush, who overcomes
life's trials with love. As for the description of his behavior, Abdulla Kadiriy is the only
one who connects society with the characters. His portrait, the author in every act is
incomparable to observe. In our opinion, she is a female hero in Uzbek literature that is
pampered by the writer. This scientific article investigates the comparative analysis of
language units portraying women images in Jane Austen's timeless classic, "Pride and
Prejudice," and “Bygone Days” within the linguistic frameworks of both English and
Uzbek languages. The data explores linguistic diversity and cultural representation. Since
language is a mirror reflecting cultural nuances, the study attempts to reveal the
subtleties hidden within expressions about human characteristics and behavior. Through
an extensive analysis that utilizes theories derived from phraseology, translation studies,
and cultural linguistics, this study aims to shed light on the differences in the linguistic
representation and perception of women within these various linguistic contexts.
MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS
The novel written by Jane Austen
“
Pride and Prejudice” describes women of the
Victorian Age and the family values of the society of that time. A. Kadiriy depicts the role
of women in society, and in the family and her feelings are described using various
phraselogical units. As subject materials of the research study, the two famous novels of
different eras are chosen to be analyzed. One of them is the most famous English writer
the author of female image of the main character of British literature: Elizabeth Bennet
from the novel “Pride and Prejudice”
–
Jane Austen’s second book. Another important
source for the comparison of female images is “Bygone Days” by Abdulla Kadiriy.
This book is like a mirror reflecting the specific historical period of the Uzbek people.
To explore the main aim of the research study, we will be learning scientific materials
and literature related to the topic from different reliable sources. The research article
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
151
also analyzes the exact phraseological units used by the authors and how are they
expressive in image illustrations. This analysis explores the role of women in the 19th
and 20
th
centuries drawing connections to the various characters in the novel. The
research process is continued by pointing out detailed linguacultural aspects of women's
descriptions by providing examples from the novels.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The research of this article is conducted by analyzing secondary sources using
analytical and syntactical methods which included a literature review related to the topic.
The comparative analysis of lingua cultural features used in two famous novels has been
analyzed and compared. Both authors described their female characters using lingua
cultural aspects of language especially idioms and words reflecting a part of the culture.
“Pride and Prejudice” is full of lingua cultural elements of language that describe women
through dialogues, actions, and interactions with others. Women characters are often
illustrated as modest, virtuous and accomplished. Though Elizabeth Bennet is praised for
her wit and brilliance, society also views her as highly respected because of her modesty
and politeness. Language reflects cultural norms on women's conduct. Women who
disobey these expectations like the character and behavior of Lydia Bennet face harsh
criticism, which reflects the time's moral norms. Mrs. Bennet is described as a “foolish
woman” who implies a lack of judgment, intelligence and common sense. Mrs. Bennet’s
constant worry about her daughters’ futures reflects cultural expectations on women to
marry well: “She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain
temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life
was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news (p-
3)”. The
conversations between the characters are frequently formal and governed by rigid social
graces. The use of titles and honorifics (e.g., "Mr.," "Miss," "Sir," "Lady") is an essential
part of the character's language. Women, in particular, are careful to use these terms
correctly to show respect and maintain social hierarchies demonstrating how important
rank and position are in society. The language used by the characters frequently reflects
their social status as women. One of the most famous novels of Uzbek culture is “Bygone
Days” which depicts the
traditional social structure and relationships of traditional Uzbek
people. This historical novel also describes women characters using language efficiently.
The language of respect, honorifics and the importance of addressing elders properly
reflect the cultural norm of the society. For example, characters use phrases like ona
(mother), ota (father) when speaking to elders, indicating respect and filial piety. In
“Pride and Prejudice” the
marriage of women is a central theme, and the language
associated with it reveals the cultural values of the time. Discussions around
“advantageous matches” and “respectability” mirror the pressure to marry for financial
stability and social prestige, rather than for love while in the novel “Bygone Days” we can
see the contrast between conservative ideals of arranged marriages and new ideals about
individual choice and in both novels, love reveals this cognitive dissonance. Both novels
depict traditional roles of women like daughters, wives, and mothers. Their value is
frequently associated with their ability to uphold family honor, marry well, and maintain
the household. Kadiriy and Austen illustrate how these roles limit women's freedom,
confining them to domestic life. In both novels, marriage is a central concern for women,
but for different reasons. In “Pride and Prejudice”, marriage is often tied to social status,
economic security, and personal happiness. Similarly, in “Bygone Days,” marriage is
dictated by tradition, family honor, and social standing. For example, in Pride and
Prejudice
: Mrs. Bennet’s obsession with finding husbands for her daughters shows the
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
152
societal pressure on women to secure a stable future through marriage. Similarly, in
Bygone Days
: Kumush’s arranged marriage and the societal expectations surrounding it
also emphasize the importance of marriage as a means of preserving family honor and
tradition. In both novels, women have limited autonomy in choosing their life paths,
particularly when it comes to marriage. Their futures are largely dictated by their
families and societal norms. Elizabeth Bennet faces pressure to marry for financial
stability but seeks to marry for love and mutual respect, challenging the norms. Kumush
and other women in Bygone Days have even less choice, with their marriages often
arranged by their families, leaving them little room to express personal desires.
The cultural setting accounts for the majority of the differences between these two
famous novels. While “Bygone Days” is set in 19th
-century Central Asia, where women's
lives are dominated by family honor, religious ideals, and ancient practices, “Pride and
Prejudice” is set in 19th
-century England, where social conventions place a premium on
class, manners, and social mobility. A major theme in “Pride and Prejudice” is romantic
love, as characters like Elizabeth Bennet try to strike a balance between their feelings and
what society expects from them in marriage. In Pride and Prejudice, women freely
communicate their needs for emotional closeness and love. Elizabeth Bennet, for
instance, demonstrates her desire for a marriage founded on respect and love when she
declines to wed Mr. Collins despite financial advantages.
(“You are too hasty, sir,” she
cried. “You forget that I have made no answer. Let me do it without further loss of time.
Accept my thanks for the compliment you are paying me. I am very sensible of the honor
of your proposals, but it is impossible for me to do otherwise than to
decline them.” (pg.76) Even if characters in “Bygone Days”, such as Kumush and Otabek,
are in love, it is difficult for women to communicate their emotions honestly due to social
norms. Family responsibilities and duties have a greater impact on romantic
relationships.
CONCLUSION
In “Bygone Days”, A.
Kadiriy combines lingua cultural components with lingua
cognitive traits, demonstrating the Uzbek language as a source for transmitting both the
rich cultural traditions of 19th-century Turkestan and the interior mental processes
produced by this cultural environment. The novel highlights the struggle between
tradition and modernity, the role of honor and social position, and cognitive frameworks
based on religion, memory, and fate, resulting in a deeply thoughtful piece of literature.
When examining how women are depicted in English and Uzbek linguistic cultures and
comparing their portrayal in various phrases, we found that women from both cultures
are predominantly focused on having a family and being married to a man who supports
and values family. However, their conduct is viewed differently in English and Uzbek
societies: while independence is positively regarded in English society, it's seen
negatively among Uzbeks. The language used by the female characters in Abdulla
Kadiriy's novel closely resembles the speech patterns of ordinary people, characterized
by a remarkable clarity of thought expressed through simple, succinct, and concise
sentences. The language used to describe women characters in "Pride and Prejudice" and
"Bygone Days" reflects the socio-cultural norms and expectations of their respective eras.
These works, written in the 19th century and early 20th century, respectively, provide
insights into how women were perceived and portrayed during those times.
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Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
153
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