Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
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The classification of concepts in Cognitive linguistics
Mahliyokhon OTAKHONOVA
1
Andijan State Foreign Language Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2024
Received in revised form
10 September 2024
Accepted 25 September 2024
Available online
25 October 2024
This article analyzes the concept and its comparative
typology and classification from the perspectives of various
scholars. The classification of concepts, according to the
structural-semantic aspect, encompasses diverse viewpoints
based on methods of meaning transfer, such as metaphor and
metonymy. These methods, which are integral to cognitive
linguistics, are examined as part of the analysis.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss4
/S
-pp236-240
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
cognitive linguistics,
principle of classifying,
evaluation component,
imagination to do element,
conceptual category,
concept formation.
Kognitiv lingvistikada tushunchalarning tasnifi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
kognitiv lingvistika,
tasniflash tamoyili,
baholash komponenti,
tasavvur qilish elementi,
kontseptual kategoriya,
kontseptsiyani
shakllantirish.
Ushbu maqolada kontseptsiyaning tahlili va uning qiyosiy
tipologiyasi va tasnifi turli olimlar nuqtai
nazaridan ko‘rib
chiqiladi. Tushunchaning strukturaviy-
semantik jihatiga ko‘ra
tasnifi uning tarkibiga kiruvchi metafora va metonimiya kabi
ma’noni ko‘chirish usullari asosida yuzaga keladigan turli
qarashlarni, masalan, kognitiv tilshunoslikda e’lon qilishni o‘z
ichiga oladi.
Классификация понятий в когнитивной лингвистике
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
когнитивная лингвистика,
принцип классификации,
оценочный компонент,
элемент воображения,
чтобы сделать,
концептуальная
категория,
формирование концепта
.
В
статье
проводится
анализ
концепта,
его
сравнительная типология и классификация с позиций
различных
ученых.
Классификация
концептов
по
структурно
-
семантическому
признаку
охватывает
различные подходы, основанные на способах передачи
смысла, таких как метафора и метонимия, которые,
в частности, выделяются в когнитивной лингвистике.
1
Teacher, Andijan State Foreign Language Institute. Andijan, Uzbekistan. E-mail: otaxonova@bk.ru
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
237
It is evident that the typology of concepts, the principles of their classification, and
the structure of the conceptual sphere are studied within the framework of the subject of
Cognitive Linguistics. According to E. Kant, for a concept to arise and for a mental image
to transform into a concept, a person must possess the abilities to compare, think, and
abstract. These three logical operations are the foundational conditions for the creation
of a concept [1,16].
To fully comprehend a concept, it is essential to construct a specific framework
that reflects its structure. The continuous structure of a concept cannot be absent, as it
plays an active and dynamic role in the thinking process. A concept is always in motion,
activated through its various components and aspects, interconnected with other
concepts, and influenced by them. This indicates that the concept possesses a complex
structure. As previously mentioned, the concept integrates the elements of notion and
culture.
Most scientists explain the composition of the concept in three parts:
✓
evaluation component
✓
imagination to do element
✓
conceptual category
The process of formation of the concept is necessarily related to the evaluation of
the person [2,19].
Concept formation based on reality being, it is the
evaluation
of the object becomes
Indeed, something thing evaluation for a person little through "have to", "teach" and
"assess" time while culture carrier in his mind concept formation it's time of the concept
imagination to do element
reality to know method with depends. This element is in the
language installed all simple imagination, stable landscapes own into takes.
The conceptual category
real or fantastic object about facts from the data harvest
will be of the concept in the category linguist Yu.S. Stepanov each in the concept there
was three layers or the component determines
First layer
actual main feature own into
takes
second component
one or one how many addition functions, historical "passive"
features own into takes of the concept
the third layer
–
his internal form, usually, in
general, realize non-existent, external, oral in the form reflection delivered will be From
this It is understood that the concept structure three from the layer consists of
As to V.A. Maslova, while the concept complicated to structure that will fly one
from the side, to him to the structure of the concept special was everyone thing belongs
to if so, another on the other hand, him culture expression doer truths includes
–
original
form (etymology); of history main from the features pulling modern association;
evaluations, connotations [3,41].
Har one concept complicated mental complex as, semantic from the content except,
price category of human certain reflection delivered to the object relationship, his
opinion and another component too own into takes:
1. whole humanity for generality or universality;
2. national-cultural, known as one cultural in the environment a person lives with
conditioning;
3. social, personal certain social to layer affiliation with determination;
4. group is known as one young and gender to the group linguistically of
personality affiliation specificity;
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
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Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
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5. Personal characteristics
–
education, upbringing, individual experience, and
psychophysiological features affect underformed individuals
–
personalities.
It seems that the content of the concept can be imagined as a small field. If the
concept lies in the core, the shell is formed by tradition
–
customs, people's, and personal
experiences.
Z.D. Popova and I.A. Sternin describe the process of emergence of a concept in the
human mind as follows:
a) directly emotional experience
–
the world sensations through perception reach;
b) of a person's objective activity;
c) in his mind already there were concepts with mental operations;
g) linguistic from communication (concept to a person linguistically in the form
delivered, explained possible);
d) language units conscious understanding through.
Linguists have compared the "word meaning field" to the "concept field" model,
offering insights into their structure. Authors suggest that the word meaning field is
composed of layers based on a specific structure: a core (archisema), a surrounding layer
of differential semes, and a periphery containing hidden semes. Similarly, the concept is
considered to have a multi-layered structure. These layers can be analyzed through
linguistic tools, allowing for a deeper understanding of their organization.
According to the authors' approach, the concept field can be described in terms of
a "core and periphery" model. The core includes the most salient and visually concrete
features, often consisting of prototypical layers or basic vivid images. Meanwhile, more
abstract features of the concept are found in the periphery. If the concept reflects
personal feelings, imaginations, or primitive thoughts, its main image forms the core of
its content. Over time, more complex concepts develop additional layers of conceptual
features around the main image.
Observations indicate that conceptual layers can exhibit relative autonomy,
ranging from concrete to abstract. The scope and size of a concept are determined by the
generality of its main image, its cognitive features, and the organization of its conceptual
layers. From the perspective of linguists, a concept consists of multiple conceptual layers.
Each concept contains an intuitive core shaped by essential knowledge, making it an
inseparable unit of semantic coherence. Without this coherence, the concept would not
function as a distinct cognitive unit or fulfill its role in thinking processes.
He lexical-semantic field has a distinctive structure, typically organized into three
components: core, center, and periphery (proximal and distal). In this framework, the
core represents the properties with the highest degree of concentration, while the
periphery includes properties that are weaker or less prominent. The structural
components of the field are unified by shared semantic features, while differing through
distinctive semantic features.
From the core to the periphery, intermediate features appear in stages, forming
transitional elements. This gradual progression indicates that the boundaries between
the core and the periphery are not rigid. The periphery, in turn, integrates elements from
the peripheral structural parts of other lexical-semantic fields, forming shared segments
where multiple fields intersect.
The periphery also reflects subjective experiences, encompassing lexemes with
various pragmatic components, connotations, and associations. This interplay of core,
center, and periphery creates a dynamic and interconnected structure within the lexical-
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
239
semantic field. V.I. Karasik of the concept in the structure spiritual values determine, then
metaphorical, contemplative and content to the value of have
[5,103]
components
separate to stand recognition is enough S.G. Vorkachev of the linguistic concept semantic
in the composition, three component
–
figurative, content to the value of have and from
thinking besides, "of the concept name language in the system occupied place with to be
determined"
significant structural part
[6.45] separate shows.
One of the most important signs of the category status of concepts is their
autonomy, the existence of a binary contradiction as a structural feature of the concept.
Non-parametric concepts can be divided into
regulatory
(regulating) and
non-
regulatory
(non-regulating). First, it includes mental forms in which the value
component takes the main place. The class of non-normative
non-regulatory
concepts is
very specific [7,128].
MV Pimenova, who has done detailed work on the issue, presents a three-period
classification of the concepts that make up the conceptual system of her authorship, and
in turn, a method of updating that affects the language. All concepts that are somehow
objectified in language can be divided into
three
categories:
I.
Basic concepts,
this category includes concepts that form the basis of the
language and the whole picture of the world;
1) space concepts;
2) social concepts;
3) spiritual and spiritual concepts.
cosmic concepts
(sky, earth, planet, sun, star, moon, comet) include subclasses:
a)
meteorological concepts
(weather, precipitation, cloud, thunder, rain, lightning, snow);
b)
biological concepts
(man, bird, animal, insect, snake, fish, plant, flower, tree, bush,
grass, berries, fruits, vegetables) based on the conceptual opposition "living-dead",
"edible-inedible", "natural-artificial", "human-inhuman", alimentary (ritual food, daily
food, national food), somatic (div/soul, head, heart, liver), perceptive (seeing, tasting,
hearing, looking at the existing landscape of the world, anticipating, feeling, smelling,
expressing, etc.),
c)
landscape concepts
(field, forest, meadow, grove, meadow, pine forest,
meadow, steppe, mountain, hill, lake, sea, river, ocean, path),
d)
subject concepts,
including
artifact concepts
(building, factory, factory, conveyor, mechanism), tool,
utensils).
social concepts
consists of:
a)
country concepts
(Russia, Germany, France, China,
country, society, state),
b)
social status concepts
(higher, "upper and lower classes",
peasant, worker, hero, ruler ( leader, prince, king, emperor, general secretary, president),
rich, poor, craftsman (potter, carpenter, blacksmith), intellectuals, scientist, master,
slave),
c)
nation concepts
(Russian, German, Chinese, English, French),
g)
concepts of
power and management
(democracy, dictatorship, freedom, will, anarchy),
d)
concepts of
interpersonal relationships
(influence, independence, solidarity, slavery, obedience,
power, kinship; peace, war),
e)
moral (ethical) concepts
(honor, duty, duty, conscience,
isnad, honor; personal interest, flattery, evil, betrayal, loyalty),
or)
professional concepts
(work, craft, laziness, play, education, holiday, service),
j)
religious concepts
(Allah, God,
saint, idol, Christ, prophet).
spiritual-spiritual concepts
is formed by the concepts of the inner world (heart,
soul, mind, mind, perception):
a)
character concepts
(courage, detachment, patience,
calmness, generosity, pride, rudeness, insecurity, delusion),
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
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Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
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4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
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b)
emotional concepts
(fun, joy, happiness, anger, sadness, happiness, suffering,
envy, longing, anxiety),
c)
mental concepts
(knowledge, consciousness, thought, understanding, memory,
image, mind, perception, imagination, inspiration, consciousness).
II. Concept
–
descriptors
, main to concepts suitable coming concept concept
descriptors:
1) different measurements (
measurement, volume, depth, height, weight and others
)
as understood
dimensional concepts
;
2) quality expressive
qualitative concepts
(heat
–
coldness, wholeness
–
separateness, hardness
–
softness)
;
3) amount of expressive
quantitative concepts
(one, many, few, enough
–
lack)
.
III. Relative concepts
, mutual relationship types done which increases relative
concepts:
1)
assessor concepts
(good-bad, right
–
wrong, harmful-useful, tasty-tasteless);
2)
situation concepts
(against, together, between, in front of
–
behind (everyone),
near, above
–
below, near-far, modern
–
outdated);
3)
private concepts
(friend -enemy, take-give, own
–
separate; own
–
deny).
The expression plan of concepts is usually limited to lexemes in studies. But some
researchers have shown that these expressions can be different [8,34]. They show
several different expressions:
▪
phraseological;
▪
morphological (or morphological directed);
▪
syntactic (or syntactic directed).
In short, the concept consists of a combination of linguocognitive and
linguocultural aspects. Knowledge (cognition) and assessment (culture) are closely
related. Each of them has a place in the concept structure.
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1.
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