Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Anthropocentrism of language and its reflection in
phraseology
Surayyo SAYDULLAYEVA
1
Navoi State Pedagogical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received September 2024
Received in revised form
10 October 2024
Accepted 25 October 2024
Available online
15 November 2024
Shifting the focus of phraseological research toward humans
was a significant step, as humans are the creators of the
phraseological picture of the world. This article also examines
idioms involving animal names that reflect human traits in
phraseology, exploring their equivalents in Uzbek and English.
Additionally, we provide examples of English phraseological
units describing people who lack direct equivalents in Uzbek.
Given our longstanding interest in both the theoretical and
practical application of phraseological units across languages, we
have chosen to dedicate this article to modern approaches in
phraseological research.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss6-pp37-41
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
concept,
onomastics,
anthropocentric,
phraseology,
anthropocentrism,
equivalent.
Tilning antropotsentrizmi va uning frazeologiyada aks
etishi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
tushuncha,
onomastika,
antropotsentrik,
frazeologiya,
antropotsentrizm,
ekvivalent.
Frazeologik tadqiqotlarga bo'lgan qiziqishni odamlarga
o‘zgartirish juda muhim qadam edi, chunki odamlar dunyoning
frazeologik rasmini yaratuvchisi hisoblanadi. Shuningdek,
frazeologizmlarda inson unsurlarini aks ettiruvchi, o‘zbek va
ingliz tillarida ekvivalentiga ega bo‘lgan ba’zi hayvon
iboralariga
ham to‘xtalamiz. Ingliz tilining o‘zbek tilida ekvivalenti
bo‘lmagan kishilarni ifodalovchi bir qancha frazeologik
birliklariga ham misol keltiramiz. Tillardagi frazeologik
birliklarning ham nazariyasi, ham amaliy qo‘llanilishi bilan
doimo qiziqib, biz ushbu maqolani frazeologik tadqiqotlardagi
zamonaviy yondashuvlarga bag‘ishlashga qaror qildik
.
1
PhD, Navoi State Pedagogical Institute. E-mail: s.serajiddinovna@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
38
Антропоцентризм языка и его отражение во
фразеологии
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
концепт,
ономастика,
антропоцентрический,
фразеология,
антропоцентризм,
эквивалент.
Смещение фокуса фразеологических исследований в
сторону человека стало важным этапом, поскольку именно
человек является создателем фразеологической картины
мира. В статье рассматриваются идиомы с названиями
животных, которые отражают человеческие аспекты во
фразеологии и имеют аналоги как в узбекском, так и в
английском
языках.
Также
приводятся
примеры
английских фразеологических единиц, описывающих черты
человека, которые не находят эквивалентов в узбекском
языке. Учитывая наш
постоянный интерес к теоретическим
и практическим аспектам фразеологии, настоящая статья
посвящена современным подходам к исследованию
фразеологических единиц.
INTRODUCTION
The anthropocentric approach has become one of the leading principles in
linguistics at the beginning of the 21st century. According to this principle, the man using
the language owns it and is an integral part of the language. The animal component serves
to highlight entities that play a role in people's daily lives and to establish and maintain
individuality in society. Phraseological units differ from other linguistic units in that they
provide imagery, expressiveness, and emotionality to speech. The zoo images in the
composition of phraseological units are associated with the material, social, or spiritual
culture of the nation and the formation of its worldview, and therefore they acquire special
significance because they convey information about the national and cultural experience
of that nation, its traditions and customs. In the corpus of expressive-evaluative vocabulary
can be distinguished units, formed by metaphorical transfer based on the names of the
animal
–
zoonym and serving for figurative characteristics of humans. Zoomorphism in
different languages describes the appearance, character, and style of behavior, the
professional activities of a person, and his attitude toward the opposite sex, family, and
children.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Studying nominations of a human with a zoonym component we used descriptive
and analytical, comparative, linguistic, and cultural methods. The English PUs was selected
from the Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. and Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms
and Anglo-Russian Phraseological Dictionary by A.V. Kunin [1]. In Uzbek, with the help of
the following dictionaries: O
‘
zbek tilining izohli frazeologik lug
‘
ati and O
‘
zbek xalq
maqollarining izohli lugati.
Let us consider some examples of the contradictory relations of Uzbek and English to
the same animal. English shows a person as individuality, and personality, accentuating
positive qualities such as competitiveness, independence, and denouncing fraud and
dishonesty, Uzbek shows obedience, courage, impatience, stubbornness, and experience. Such
as a tiger is a dangerous opponent, a strong player in English, an image of a powerful man
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
39
given in Uzbek; a lone wolf
–
is a person acting alone; a fox is
–
a selfish, dishonest
businessman, a predator. The oldest domestic animal in almost all cultures is the dog, that is
why the comparison with the dog is the most numerous in both languages. Negative
connotations bring ideas about the dog as a persecuted being, dependent on the person,
sometimes living in the toughest conditions, designed for the protection of housing, hunting,
etc. (lead a dog's life
–
to have been afflicted; treated like a dog
–
to be unkind to anyone;
dressed up like a dog's dinner
–
dressed vulgarly). At the same time, the British appreciated
the loyalty, friendliness, and endurance dogs (die for one dog to be very loyal; funny dog
–
funny guy). Similarly, you can analyze features of zoomorphism "cat": has long been close to
someone, the cat has earned the trust and love of man because of its softness, intelligence,
prudence (as tame as a cat is quite tame; as wary as a cat
–
very careful), but, being wild
animals by nature, cats are peculiar cunning, deceit (cat in the pan is a traitor; cat shuts its
eyes when stealing cream to close their eyes to their sins). As for the Uzbek context, cats
denote dubious, treacherous persons. The phraseological component "horse" has mostly
positive connotations, which is associated with the role of the horse farm hand, his diligence,
and endurance (strong as a horse, willing horse
–
slogger), but there are also values associated
with other areas of the horse's life, with both positive and negative interpretation, for example,
jump (ride the fore horse is to be in front; a dark horse
–
"dark horse", about a man whose
inner quality is not known). Similarly, we can analyze other phraseological units with names
of animals having the dual nature of values. Stubbornness" in two languages is compared to a
donkey, but a donkey for the British in the semantic plan primarily represents stupidity, and
stubbornness
–
again. For example:
act the ass
–
to fool around,
to be an ass for one's pains
–
not to receive praise for their efforts; to stay in the cold,
make an ass of oneself
–
to put
yourself in a stupid position, to fool around,
all asses wag their ears
–
fools inherent in the
profound view, fools love to judge what you don't understand,
an ass between two bundles
of hay
(an ass between two bundles (or bottles) of hay (Buridan's ass))
–
Buridan's ass (the
person, not daring to make a choice) (French philosopher of the XIV century attributed to
Buridan follows the story of the donkey who died of hunger because he did not dare to choose
between two identical bundles of hay).
From the analysis of phraseological units with names of animals, it follows that the
mind has no causal connection: in Uzbek: bad memory (
товуқ мия)
; inattention (
дунёни сув
босса, ўрдакка не ғам
), the error (
бедов от йўлда суринар
), social situation (
арслоннинг
ўлиги сичқоннинг тириги
); in English: the old age (old hen, you can't teach an old dog new
tricks), damage mind (be loony (crazy), crazy as a loon (crazy, literally crazy as a Loon), to
have rats), turkeycock (conceited man)
–
about a pompous man; Only negative qualities
characterize the following names of animals in both compared languages: hog, pig
–
behave
like a hog, as fat as a pig; snake
–be lower than a snake’s belly
; wolf
–
as greedy as a wolf; goat
–
make a goat of one; monkey
–
as tricky as a monkey.
The most often used names of animals and birds taken on a symbolic value. A
number of names of animals and birds, become symbols that are associated initially with
the peculiarities of the various characteristics of a man. Considering the names they are
divided into two groups.
The first group includes the symbols for the positive qualities of the person. British
people can call a hare or lion to refer to these images to characterize something quickly
that can make a person. As for the Uzbek people, a hare symbolizes cowardice, a lion
characterizes victory and strength. Associative-shaped base animals such as mules, horses,
bulls, and bears are used to describe a strong man in both languages.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
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Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
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40
The second group consists of symbols associated with negative qualities.
If an Englishman calls a person bear (bear), it builds an associative-shaped association on
grounds such as physical and/or mental clumsiness, and rudeness. Calling man-wolf
(wolf), the Uzbeks refer to the corresponding stereotypical image, the main characteristic
of which is cruelty. The associative-shaped base of such an animal, as magpie (magpie) is
used in English society to characterize the talkative person.
RESULTS
1.1
Some idioms describing a person coincide in both languages:
Old fox-
қари
тулки
When pigs fly-
туяни думи ерга текканда
Cat and dog life-
ит
-
мушук бўлиб яшамоқ
The eagle eye-
қирғий кўз
Black sheep-
отнинг қашқаси
Big fish-
жўжахўроз
Mild as a dove-
мусичадай беозор
As obstinate as a mule-
эшакдай қайсар
Have snakes in one’s
boots-
қўйнида
илон сақламоқ.
1.2.
English idioms describing a person with no equivalents in Uzbek
The majority of idioms describing a person in the English language have no
equivalents in Uzbek; an explanation has to be given instead. Let’s have a look at
some of
these idioms:
greedy pig
–
someone who eats too much;
scapegoat
–
someone who is blamed for something bad that happens even if it is not
his fault; bookworm- who likes reading very much; Bull of Bashan
–
a healthy, strong man
with a thunderous voice.[3]
A dog in the manger-someone who cannot have or does not need something,
but does not want anyone else to have it; dark is someone who is not well known
the lost sheep (lamb)
–
people who have lost the correct way of life; Cat’s paw
-
someone who is used by someone else to achieve something bad.
white crow
–
the man abruptly released anything from the people surrounding him,
different, not like them.[3]
DISCUSSION
These features convey information about the national and cultural experience of
that nation, its traditions, and customs.
Physical features:
as blind as a bat (
кўршапакдек кўр
), as bold as a lion (
шердек
жасур
), as strong as an
ох
(
буқадек бақувват
).
Appearance:
mutton dressed as lamb (
эчки қўй бўлмас эшак
-
той
), as fat as a pig
(
чўчқадай семиз
).
Psychological features:
as mute as a fish (
қўйдек
ювош
), as obstinate as a mule
(
эшакдай қайсар
), get somebodies goat (
бировнинг мушугини пишт демоқ
), couch
potato
(иши йўқ ит суғорар
) [4]
Intellect or absence of intellect:
a black sheep (
отнинг қашқаси
), pig-headed
(
товуқ мия
), as gentle as a lamb (
мусичадек беозор
).
Ability or experience:
as sly as fox (
тулкидек айёр
), old bird (
қари
тулки
), spring
chicken (
тухумдан чиққан жўжа
) [5].
Social status:
as poor as a church mouse (
итдан бир суяк қарз
).
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
41
CONCLUSION
Sources of national-specific features of phraseological units with names of animals
can serve as differences of species, their lifestyles, working conditions, value systems,
historical conditions of language formation of a certain ethnic group, etc. [6]. The
emotional and expressive element of naming a human with a zoonym component is
expressed by negative and positive connotations, which allow finding the ideal concept of
external and internal characteristics of a person in the dialectal linguistic picture of the
world. National-specific phraseological units with names of animals are evident in
different priorities of human activity, properties, nature, preferred, or condemned the
personal qualities of men and women in different linguistic cultures, as well as that same
animal, speaking different languages, can be attributed to various human qualities, or
different animals may be "holders" of the same quality.
REFERENCES:
1.
Kunin, A. V. (1984). Anglo-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar [English-Russian
phraseological dictionary]. Moskva: Russkiy yazyk.
2.
Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms. (1998). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
3.
Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. (2004). 2nd. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4.
O’zbek tilining izohli frazeologik lug’ati.Sh. Rahmatullaev.1978
5.
O’zbek xalq maqollarining izohli lugati.Sh. Shomaqsudov.1990.
6.
К
unin A.V. The Course of Phraseology of Modern English. Moscow. High School, 1986.
7.
Alikulovich, K. B. (2016). DETECTIVE REALITY AND INDIVIDUAL
INTERPRETATION. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 10(1), 1-9.
8.
Холиков, Б. А. (2014). "КРЁСТНЫЙ ОТЕЦ" –
РЕАЛЬНАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ
ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ. Вопросы филологических наук, (2), 14
-16.
