Social Sciences Other Topics

The thesis "The revival of the New Renaissance is another great success on the road to new discoveries and developments" explores the modern interpretation of the Renaissance concept as an era inspiring cultural, scientific, and social renewal in the context of 21st-century challenges. The focus is on key factors such as innovation, interdisciplinary approaches, and ecological responsibility, which form the foundation for sustainable development. The proposed analysis is based on a historical-comparative method and a systematic approach, identifying promising directions for societal transformation through the synthesis of technology and humanistic values. The work emphasizes the Renaissance's significance as a model for addressing global issues and achieving harmony between progress and tradition.

The current study examines the representation of gender stereotype in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks, namely Guess What, for elementary school pupils produced in Uzbekistan. The research aims to ascertain how gender is represented and what kinds of stereotypes expressions are used in the Guess What series by focusing on four areas; Adult Social Role Beliefs, Domestic Role Beliefs, Educational Role Beliefs, and Professional Role Beliefs concerning school type variables. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative method. Language is not perceived only orally or in written forms, but through visual language too, such as pictures on posters, images in books, magazines. They are ubiquitous in modern life and are of great importance to get the message, as they convey and represent particular meaning (Fairclough, 2013). English language teaching materials, which are one of the main sources of target language and culture input, have a great impact in the formation of pragmatic competence and the development of relational identity.

This article analyzes anthroponyms and their history of
development under the influence of historical changes in the surrounding world. The
structure of anthroponyms is considered using the example of Crimean Tatar onyms.

Жиноят, жиноятчилик ва одил судлов масалаларини эфирда ёки ўз саҳифаларида эълон қилиш аксарият хорижий давлат ОАВ ларига хос бўлган амалиёт. Айрим давлатлар жиноят процессида ОАВ га кенг эркинлик берса, айримларида чекланган тарзда тақдим этилган. Ушбу ҳолатлар мамлакатлардаги  ижтимоий-сиёсий ва иқтисодий вазиятлар билан боғлиқ. Жиноят процессида ОАВ  хабар ва маълумотларидан фойдаланишда айрим хорижий давлатлар тажрибасини таҳлил қилиш эса, мазкур амалиётдаги ютуқ ва камчиликларни миллий жиноят-процессуал қонунчилигимиздаги ОАВ ролини, иштирокинива мақомини таққослашга имконият беради. Албатта, хорижий давлатлар тажрибаси риспруденция соҳасидаги, айниқса жиноят-процессуал соҳада муҳим аҳамият касб этади.

The majority of content words do not have a single meaning for each; rather they associate to a number of senses. When these senses are semantically incompatible in non-neutral contexts, they are then homonymous; otherwise, they are polysemous 35 where polysemous words have an underspecified meaning that encompasses their different senses. To reliably differentiate between these two lexical relations helps very much in the improvement of the retrieval process. In this orientation, this article highlights the concepts of homonymy and polysemy, as they constitute one of the central issues in semantics and the psychology of word meaning.

This article is focusing on the comparative study of foreign languages, contrastive linguistics, and the impact of native language interference on foreign language learning. Understanding these aspects can greatly enhance language teaching methodologies.

The article is devoted to the formulation and concretization of the problem of the formation of a competency-based approach to teaching the Russian language in schools with the Uzbek language of instruction. The article compares the traditional approach, which is focused on instilling knowledge, skills in the Russian language, and the competence-based approach, which is aimed at developing the appropriate competencies in the Russian language among students. The combination in practice of two different strategies for teaching Russian as a non-native language occurs due to a widespread misconception among Russian language teachers, according to which competencies are identified with the sum of knowledge, skills and abilities. At the same time, the following distinction is proposed: competencies are knowledge in action, the ability to consciously apply skills and abilities in solving specific communication problems. Based on the results of the study, the need for a radical change in the pedagogical thinking of teachers of Russian as a non-native language working in the schools of Uzbekistan is stated.

The assessment focused mainly on the language learner’s achievements but neglected other curricular aims such as language and social awareness. The assessment of A 1 level learners should serve teaching by providing feedback on the young learner’s learning progress, so that the content and the difficulty of subsequent teaching units can be effectively adjusted to the learners’ needs. This term paper offers the reader an overview about the theoretical ideas and principles which should be kept in mind when implementing an assessment.

The article contains an analysis of the theoretical and practical features of the principle of autonomy of arbitration agreement in foreign economic transactions. The article highlights the importance of the existence of an arbitration clause in foreign economic agreements, the nature of the arbitration clause in foreign economic transactions in international and national law, and the current problem of the independence of the arbitration clause from the contract.

Ushbu darslik bakalavriatning 60230700-Amaliy filologiya yo‘nalishi talabalari uchun o‘tiladigan “O‘zbek tilining dialektal korpusini tuzish amaliyoti” fani uchun yaratilgan bo‘lib, undan ma’ruza mashg‘ulotlari uchun materiallar, nazoratlar uchun test savollari, har bir mavzu uchun nazariy savollar, glossariy o‘rin olgan. Darslik nafaqat talabalar, balki soha mutaxassislari, tadqiqotchilar va qiziquvchi o‘quvchilar ommasi uchun mo‘ljallangan.

Социально-экономические изменения, происходящие в современном мире, оказывают огромное влияние на систему высшего образования в Узбекистане. В связи с этим значительно возросли требования к профессиональной компетентности будущих специалистов и их готовности к межкультурному взаимодействию в поликультурном пространстве.

This article explores the philosophy of environmental education, highlighting its significance in fostering ecological consciousness and sustainability. It delves into the core principles, goals, and methods of environmental education, and presents research findings that demonstrate its positive impact on individuals and society. The discussion emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to environmental education and offers practical advice for educators and policymakers to enhance its effectiveness.

The article is devoted to the scientific, medical and educational activities of the veteran of the Department of Ophthalmology, Pediatric Ophthalmology of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute Basit Abidovich Zakhidov, who trained more than a hundred pediatric ophthalmologists and devoted more than 45 years to medicine.

The activities of the media are essentially axiological, they are based on the distribution of a system of views on the world, which is structured according to a certain set of values. From the media space, the vital content of culture, the layer of deep values of culture as the creative basis of its human linguistic ability, reflects the national landscape of the journalistic text. The technical means of disseminating and assimilating values can include various genres of journalism, professional styles, images, technology of processing and interpreting facts, writing and influencing the audience. The collective background knowledge that complements and organizes the media text is based on mental perceptions, the psychological principles of information processing specific to the local producer and recipient of mass communication begin with the semantics of folk spirituality.

Мустақилликни қўлдан бой берган халқ эрксизликка, турғунликка маҳкум. Мустамлакачилик йилларида барча соҳаларда ривожланиш депсиниб, маънавият, илм-фан ривожи секинлашди.

This article discusses the issues of childlessness of fathers in the traditional life of the Karakalpaks from an early period, which are reflected in folk epics. The epic direction and various motivations are revealed.

The abstract discusses various techniques for teaching vocabulary to adults. It underlines the significance of vocabulary acquisition in adult language learning and examines different approaches for improving vocabulary learning results. Adult language learning relies heavily on vocabulary acquisition as it leads to enhanced communication and overall language skills. However, adults may encounter challenges when learning new words due to their busy schedules, cognitive abilities, or prior language learning experiences. Therefore, employing effective methods to acquire and retain new vocabulary is crucial. One commonly used method involves using context and contextual hints. By learning new vocabulary in sentences or texts that have meaning, adults can comprehend and remember the meaning of unfamiliar words based on their surrounding context. Strategies such as extensive reading, watching movies or TV shows, and engaging in genuine conversations can provide diverse and rich contexts for learning vocabulary.

Динамичное развитие информационной сферы и информационных технологий, либерализация средств массовой информации служат важными факторами углубления демократических преобразований в нашей стране.

The problems of learning foreign language material, including hearing and speaking, are discussed in this article, as well as the desires, objectives, and role of actual video, which involves the development of integrated talents. The research also provides the criteria for selecting curriculum-relevant video. Authentic videos, on the other hand, have a bigger impact as the language skills of higher-level learners grow.

Происходящие в обществе глобальные изменения обусловили необходимость модернизации образовании. В период модернизации образования наблюдается много проблем, в связи с преподаванием русского языка.
В статье обсуждаются проблемы, связанные с преподаванием русского языка как иностранного иностранным студентам посредством дистанционного обучения  (ДО) в условиях глобальной эпидемии коронавируса и применяемых при этом карантинных мер. В ряде стран мира дистанционное обучение заменило все другие формы образования. Были трудности, с которыми сталкиваются преподаватели и студенты при доступе к онлайн-материалам, а также о том, как выбирать и использовать различные интернет-платформы для ДО [1: 17].

Slang occupies an important place in the communicative field of society. Since the vocabulary that is part of slang has special features that are not characteristic of the literary language, this phenomenon attracts the attention of linguists, it is the subject of research in world linguistics. In addition, slang is often used outside of one social group, its use affects literary norm, which leads to its gradual transformation.

The article delves into the complexities of determining the applicable law in international arbitration agreements. It discusses the growing role of arbitration in international trade and highlights the challenges of identifying governing laws, especially when parties have not specified them. The article also explores common law and civil law approaches to this issue and mentions Uzbekistan’s recent legislative efforts to become an arbitration-friendly jurisdiction. The text is particularly relevant for legal professionals and scholars interested in international arbitration and its evolving legal frameworks.

The article analyzes the significance and place of the shadow economy in different stages of civilization. The features of the shadow economy in the conditions of any social system are described.

Today, Japan is one of the most developed countries in the world due to its stable economy and urbanism. The metropolitan area of the country's capital, Tokyo, with a population of more than 41 million people, is the most densely populated city in the world. How did urbanization and urban development develop in Japan, surrounded by water, limited land area and almost non-existent natural resources? We will try to find a detailed answer to this question below.

Today, Uzbek literature can be considered one of the most developed and unique in Central Asia. It is a unique phenomenon in the region, the uniqueness of which is explained by the fact that the country is geographically in the heart of Asia, and genetically belongs to the Islamic cultural traditions. Indeed, the translation of the masterpieces of our literature into foreign languages and their worthy place in the treasury of world literature is of special importance today. At the same time, it is difficult to say that at present the translation of works of art from Uzbek into foreign languages is carried out sufficiently. The rich Uzbek culture reflected in the works of art remains a mystery to foreign readers. However, the growing interest of our literature lovers in the rich culture of the Uzbek people, in our classical and modern literature, shows that there is a serious need for the translation of samples of our literature. The issues of scientific study of the problems related to the translation of literary texts and the verification of published translations remain relevant. In the texts of fiction or poetry, language is not only a means of conveying information, but also a means of its artistic reproduction, conveying the aesthetic value of the work. In addition, the literary text is also a source of information about foreign culture. The value of comparative translation studies is that they make a significant contribution to the development of specific translation theories within specific language pairs.
This article is devoted to the study of the theoretical aspects of the problems associated with word choice in literary translation, in which the main focus is on the views of foreign and Uzbek translators on this topic. Some of the comments and conclusions made in the article may be useful to the creators in the future translation process.