ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 6, issue 1, Fevral 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
OAK Index bazalari :
research gate, research bib.
Qo’shimcha index bazalari:
zenodo, open aire. google scholar.
Original article
99
THE INTERACTION OF ANTIHISTAMINE DRUGS IN THE BODY AND THEIR
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Fazliddinov Janobiddin Zaynobiddinovich
5th-year student of the 2nd Faculty of General Medicine,
Samarkand State Medical University
Erkinboyev Jahongir Dilmurodovich
5th-year student of the Faculty of Pediatrics,
Samarkand State Medical University
+998 93 179 11 13/ +998 93 404 00 14
Samarqand, O‘zbekiston.
Annotation:
This article provides detailed information on the effects of antihistamine drugs on
the div, their types, and interactions. Antihistamines are classified based on their effects on H1
and H2 receptors, focusing on their ability to reduce allergic reactions, relieve nasal congestion,
and eliminate itching. Additionally, the interactions of these drugs with other medications,
possible side effects, and contraindications are analyzed. The article emphasizes the risks of
taking these drugs without a doctor's recommendation and provides guidelines for their safe use
Keywords:
antihistamine drugs, allergy, H1 blockers, H2 blockers, side effects, drug interaction,
sedative effect, drug combinations, contraindications, effects on the div.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada antigistamin dori vositalarining organizmga ta’siri, ularning
turlari va o‘zaro ta’siri haqida batafsil ma’lumot beriladi. Antigistaminlar H1 va H2
reseptorlariga ta’sir qilishiga qarab tasniflanib, ularning allergik reaksiyalarni kamaytirish, burun
bitishi va qichishishni bartaraf etish xususiyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu dorilarning
boshqa preparatlar bilan o‘zaro ta’siri, mumkin bo‘lgan nojo‘ya ta’sirlari va qo‘llashga qarshi
ko‘rsatmalar tahlil qilinadi. Maqola shifokor tavsiyasisiz dorilarni qabul qilishning xavflari va
ehtiyot choralariga urg‘u berib, sog‘liq uchun xavfsiz foydalanish bo‘yicha tavsiyalarni o‘z
ichiga oladi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
antigistamin dorilar, allergiya, H1-blokatorlar, H2-blokatorlar, nojo‘ya ta’sirlar,
o‘zaro ta’sir, sedativ ta’sir, dorilar kombinatsiyasi, qo‘llashga qarshi ko‘rsatmalar, organizmga
ta’siri.
Аннотация:
В данной статье подробно рассматриваются влияние антигистаминных
препаратов на организм, их виды и взаимодействие. Антигистамины классифицируются в
зависимости от их воздействия на H1- и H2-рецепторы, с акцентом на их способность
снижать аллергические реакции, устранять заложенность носа и зуд. Также
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 6, issue 1, Fevral 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
OAK Index bazalari :
research gate, research bib.
Qo’shimcha index bazalari:
zenodo, open aire. google scholar.
Original article
100
анализируются взаимодействие этих препаратов с другими лекарственными средствами,
возможные побочные эффекты и противопоказания. В статье подчеркиваются риски
приема антигистаминных препаратов без рекомендации врача и приводятся рекомендации
по их безопасному применению.
Ключевые слова:
антигистаминные препараты, аллергия, H1-блокаторы, H2-блокаторы,
побочные эффекты, взаимодействие препаратов, седативный эффект, комбинации
лекарств, противопоказания, влияние на организм.
Introduction:
Nowadays, allergic diseases are widespread, and antihistamine drugs play an
important role in their treatment. Antihistamines are medications used to reduce allergic
reactions by blocking histamine receptors. These drugs are mainly used to treat allergic rhinitis,
urticaria, atopic dermatitis, anaphylaxis, and other allergic conditions, as well as certain
gastrointestinal diseases.However, they have varying effects on the div and may cause some
adverse reactions. Since these drugs can have different effects on the div, cause side effects,
and interact with other medications, they should be used with caution. This article provides
detailed information on the types of antihistamines, their effects on the div, drug interactions,
and contraindications.
The main part:
Antihistamines are used to suppress allergic reactions in the div. They are
divided into two categories based on their mechanism of action: H1 and H2 receptor blockers.
Their effects and interactions in the div are as follows:
1. Effects on the Central Nervous System (CNS)
First-generation antihistamines (diphenhydramine, clemastine, suprastin) depress the CNS,
causing drowsiness and lethargy.
Second- and third-generation antihistamines (loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine) do not
affect the CNS and do not induce drowsiness.
Interaction: If first-generation antihistamines are taken with sedatives or alcohol, they can cause
severe drowsiness and slow reaction time.
2. Effects on the Cardiovascular System
Some second-generation antihistamines (terfenadine, astemizole) can cause heart rhythm
disturbances.
New-generation antihistamines have minimal effects on the heart.
Interaction: People with heart disease should be cautious when taking antihistamines with beta-
blockers or diuretics, as these drugs can lower blood pressure.
3. Metabolism and Elimination via Liver and Kidneys
Most antihistamines are metabolized in the liver. Patients with liver disease should adjust their
dosage accordingly.
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 6, issue 1, Fevral 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
OAK Index bazalari :
research gate, research bib.
Qo’shimcha index bazalari:
zenodo, open aire. google scholar.
Original article
101
Drugs excreted through the kidneys (e.g., fexofenadine) require dose adjustment in cases of
kidney failure.
Interaction: Medications that alter liver enzymes (such as erythromycin and ketoconazole) can
slow the metabolism of antihistamines, increasing their side effects.
4. Effects on the Digestive System
H2 receptor blockers (famotidine, ranitidine) reduce stomach acid secretion.
Some H1 antihistamines can also decrease stomach acid, affecting digestion.
Interaction: When taken with H2 blockers, the absorption of antibiotics or other drugs may be
reduced.
Antihistamines block histamine receptors in the div, reducing allergy symptoms such as itching,
nasal congestion, and rashes. However, these drugs may also cause various side effects.
1. Sedative (Drowsiness-Inducing) Effect:
Some first-generation antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine, clemastine, suprastin) affect the
central nervous system, causing drowsiness, fatigue, and decreased concentration. This is
particularly important for drivers and individuals engaged in tasks requiring attention.
2. Dry Mouth and Gastrointestinal Disturbances:
Antihistamines reduce acetylcholine levels, leading to dry mouth, constipation, and difficulty
urinating. Elderly individuals are more prone to these effects.
3. Effects on the Cardiovascular System:
Some antihistamines can disrupt heart rhythm or alter blood pressure. Terfenadine and
astemizole may cause heart arrhythmias, which is why their use is restricted.
4. Vision and Urinary Problems:
Antihistamines can sometimes increase intraocular pressure, which can be dangerous for patients
with glaucoma. Additionally, they may cause difficulty urinating in men with an enlarged
prostate.
5. Effects on the Nervous System (Especially in Children and the Elderly):
Some antihistamines can cause hyperactivity and irritability in children, while in elderly
individuals, they may lead to memory impairment and confusion.
6. Allergic Reactions:
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 6, issue 1, Fevral 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
OAK Index bazalari :
research gate, research bib.
Qo’shimcha index bazalari:
zenodo, open aire. google scholar.
Original article
102
Although antihistamines are used to treat allergies, in some cases, they themselves may trigger
allergic reactions, such as skin rashes, itching, or even anaphylactic shock.
New-Generation Antihistamines (With Fewer Side Effects): Second - and third-generation
antihistamines (e.g., loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, levocetirizine) do not cause
drowsiness and have minimal effects on heart rhythm. Therefore, if long-term use is required,
doctors may recommend these medications.
Conclusion:
Antihistamine drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of allergic diseases, and
their effects on the div can vary. H1-blockers help reduce allergic reactions, while H2-blockers
regulate gastric acid secretion. These drugs are classified into sedative and non-sedative types,
each with specific effects and potential side reactions.
Since antihistamines can interact with other medications, it is
essential to use them under medical supervision. Special caution is required for individuals with
heart disease, liver and kidney insufficiency, pregnant women, and the elderly.
This
article provided information on the use, safety, and precautions of antihistamine drugs. When
used correctly and under supervision, these medications effectively manage allergic reactions
and improve patients' quality of life.
References:
1. Benedetti, C. (2020). Pharmacology of Antihistamines: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.
Springer.
2. Simons, F. E. R., & Simons, K. J. (2011). H1-Antihistamines: Current Status and Future
Directions. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 90(5), 598–610.
3. Church, M. K., & Maurer, M. (2012). Histamine and Antihistamines in Allergic Disease. The
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 130(4), 1072-1083.
4. Scadding, G. K. (2013). Efficacy and Safety of Modern Antihistamines in Allergic Rhinitis.
Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 43(8), 853–869.
5. Holgate, S. T., Canonica, G. W., Simons, F. E. R. (2015). Allergy and Allergic Diseases.
Oxford University Press.
6. Yanai, K., Tashiro, M. (2007). The Pharmacology of Antihistamines and Their Clinical Use in
the Treatment of Allergic Disorders. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 32(1), 5–12.
7. Ganellin, C. R., & Timmerman, H. (2012). Pharmacology of Histamine Receptors. Elsevier.
8. Sharma, R., Gupta, R. (2019). Antihistamines: Past, Present, and Future. International Journal
of Pharmacology, 15(3), 227–238.
9. FDA (2021). Antihistamines: Safety Information and Approved Uses. U.S. Food and Drug
Administration.
10. World Allergy Organization (WAO) (2022). Guidelines on the Use of Antihistamines in
Clinical Practice.
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 6, issue 1, Fevral 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
OAK Index bazalari :
research gate, research bib.
Qo’shimcha index bazalari:
zenodo, open aire. google scholar.
Original article
103
11. Karimov, M., Jo‘rayev, T. (2018). Farmakologiya: Dori vositalarining umumiy ta’siri va
qo‘llanilishi. – Toshkent: Tibbiyot nashriyoti.
12. Qo‘chqorov, A., Rahmonqulova, S. (2020). Tibbiyot farmakologiyasi. – Toshkent:
O‘zbekiston Tibbiyot NMIU.
13. To‘rayev, O., Qodirova, M. (2019). Allergik kasalliklarda farmakoterapiya asoslari. –
Toshkent: O‘zMU nashriyoti.
14. Norqobilov, S., Mahmudova, Z. (2021). Tibbiyotda allergologiya va immunologiya asoslari.
– Toshkent: Ibn Sino nashriyoti.
15. Farmatsevtika entsiklopediyasi. (2022). Dori vositalari va ularning ta’siri. – Toshkent: Fan va
texnologiya nashriyoti.
