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INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI
ISOLATED FROM HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS
Eshboev Farkhod
Senior Research Fellow, PhD,
Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances
Valieva Mufazzal
Master, National University of Uzbekistan
Khayrullaeva Lobar
Assistant Lecturer, Qarshi State University
Endophytic microorganisms play a significant role in helping plants adapt to various biotic and
abiotic stresses [1]. Endophytes can alter the plant's metabolic pathways, producing specific
antimicrobial compounds or activating their own defense mechanisms, leading to induced
resistance [2]. They are capable of synthesizing a wide range of antimicrobial substances and
are considered a promising source of new active compounds that contribute to the development
of novel antibiotics, antifungal agents, and biopesticides [3]. This has sparked increasing
interest in studying the endophytes of medicinal plants, which are renowned for their rich
repertoire of biologically active substances as potential sources of new antimicrobial agents [4–
5].
In this study, Hyssopus officinalis was used—a medicinal plant traditionally applied in folk
medicine to treat various conditions such as bacterial and fungal infections, wounds, asthma,
cough, loss of appetite, and spasmodic disorders. To isolate endophytic fungi from the
vegetative organs of the plant, samples underwent a multistep surface sterilization process.
After the stems and leaves were surface-dried, they were cut into 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm fragments
and placed onto a PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. After 7 days of incubation, the
isolated strains were repeatedly subcultured on PDA to obtain nine pure cultures. Once
transferred to a liquid nutrient medium, the cultures were extracted using ethyl acetate.
The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated using the disk-diffusion method. As a
result, the extracts of isolates 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated antibacterial activity. Specifically,
isolate 1 produced an inhibition zone of 9.32±0.22 mm, isolate 2 — 10.44±0.12 mm, and
isolate 3 — 16.05±0.16 mm. Despite showing antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria,
extracts from isolates 4 and 5 did not exhibit any antifungal activity. As a control, the
antifungal drug fluconazole was used, which produced an inhibition zone of 30.02±0.14 mm.
The study concluded that the endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves and stems of the plant
belonged to the genera Colletotrichum, Fusarium, and Phomopsis.
References:
1. Bauer A.W, Kirby W.M, Sherris J.C. and Turck M. (1966) Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
by a Standardized Single Disk Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 26
September 2021, page 493-496.
2. Denise O. Guimarães, Warley S. Borges, Cristina Y. Kawano, Patrícia H. Ribeiro, Gustavo
H. Goldman, Auro Nomizo, Otávio H. Thiemann, Glaucius Oliva, Norberto P. Lopes, Mônica
T. Pupo; FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, Volume 52, Issue 1, January 2008,
Pages 134–144
3. Hallmann J, Quadt-Hallmann A, Mahaffee W F and Kloepper J F, Bacterial endophytes in
agricultural crops; Canadian Journal of Microbiology October 1997, page 21-29
4. Hoda R A El-Zehery, Noha Mohamed Ashry, Abeer A Faiesal, Mohamed S Attia, Mostafa
A Abdel-Maksoud, Mohamed A El-Tayeb, Mohammed Aufy, Noha K El-Dougdoug;
Antibacterial and anticancer potential of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites of
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endophytic fungi isolated from Anethum graveolens; National library of Medicine 2024
October 7, page 174-188
5. Kaize Shen, Yu Xiong, Yanfang Liu, Xingwang Fan, Rui Zhu, Zumao Hu, Congying Li,
Yan Hua; Community Structure and Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Cultivated Polygala
crotalarioides at Two Different Growth Stages Based on Culture-Independent and Culture-
Based Methods; National library of Medicine 2024 March 4
