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STUDY OF PROCESSING PLANT WASTE AND TPP ASH WITH DETERMINATION
OF METAL CONTENT
Kamolov T.O.,Bekmuratova M.G.,
Rakhmatova N.Sh., Jurayeva B.A.
Tashkent Kimyo Technology Institute
(State Unitary Enterprise "Fan va tarakkiet" at TASHSTU)
Introduction.
The waste accumulated during the existence of the Angren and Novoangren
thermal power plants is stored in two landfills located near the city of g Angren and Ahangaran
and the Angren River and occupying 120 hectares of fertile land [1].
The use of such waste for economic purposes is still limited, including due to its toxicity.
Dumps are constantly polluted, mobile forms of elements are actively washed out by
precipitation, polluting the air, water and soil [2].
The non-use of KZSOS is based on a well-established concept of ash as a waste product. The
use of ash is hindered by intensive dust-dirt-gas formation. The use of KZSHO in construction
is hindered by the increased content of underburning in ash, a complex granulometric
composition, and the presence of toxic metals [2].
Among industrial waste, one of the first places in terms of volume is occupied by composite ash
and slag from the combustion of solid fuels (various types of coal, oil shale, peat) at thermal
power plants. Huge amounts of composite ash and slag accumulated in the dumps that occupy
valuable land. The maintenance of composite ash and slag dumps requires significant costs. At
the same time, composite ash and slag from thermal power plants can be effectively used in the
production of various building materials, which is confirmed by numerous scientific studies and
practical experience [3].
Composite ash and slags can be used to produce a large number of building materials, products
and structures necessary for the construction of residential and industrial buildings, agricultural
facilities, road and hydraulic structures, etc. The need to use ash and slags is dictated not only
by economic considerations, but also by environmental requirements.
Objects of research and technological sampling.
The objects of research are ash obtained from coal burning at Novo-Angrenskaya TPP and
Angrenskaya TPP.
Sampling method: At the ash waste of thermal power plants, sampling sites were selected. To
ensure the representativeness of the technological sample, the sampling site (the surface of the
dumps) was leveled and divided (a square of 10x10 m). As a result, we got 100 squares. Further,
by dividing the network after 1 m, samples were taken from the centers of each square weighing
3 kg. That is
2
, 300 kg was taken from 10 m2.
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Research results and their discussion.
We took 6 samples, including 2 samples from the ash
and slag dumps of the Angren TPP and 2 samples from the ash and slag dumps of the Novo-
Angren TPP. In addition, 2 samples were taken from the fly ash of 100 kg electric filters at the
Novo-Angrenskaya TPP and Angrenskaya TPP, the study of which is important.
Table 1
Information on process samples taken from the Angrenskaya TPP's ZSHO
№
n /
Sampling location
Code
Sampling Coordinates Sample
weight, kg
1
ZSHO-1
A-1
H-900;
N-40°59’51; E-70°06’14
300
2
ZSHO - 2
A-2
H-903;
N-40°59’52,6; E-70°06’18,1
300
3
Fly ash from electrofilters
A-3
-
100
Total
700
Table 2
Information on process samples taken from the Novo-Angrenskaya TPP's ZSHO
№
n /
a Sampling location Sample
code
Sampling coordinates Sample
weight, kg
1
Old ash from dump No. 2
NA -4
H-717;
N-40°55’36,3; E-69°47’50,3
300
2
New ash from dump No. 2
NA -5
H-680;
N-40°55’26; E-69°47’00,6
300
3
Fly ash from electric filters
NA-6
-
100
Total
700
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Fig. 1. Sample preparation scheme before technological tests
Slags are artificial silicates. They consist of oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium,
magnesium, manganese, sulfur, and others. The same oxides are found in natural deep rocks.
Depending on the quantitative ratio of oxides, as well as on the conditions and cooling rate of
slag melts, slags can have the properties of granite or volcanic pumice. And the color of the
slags is close to the rocks. They can be blue-black, snow-white, green, yellow, pink, gray. Often
they have silver, mother-of-pearl and lilac shades. Slags can be dense and porous, heavy like
basalt, and light like tuff or shell rock. The slag density ranges from 3200kg/
m3
to 800kg/
m3
[4].
The chemical laboratories of the State Enterprise "NIIMR" and the State Enterprise "Central
Laboratory" performed: spectral, mass-spectral (ICP-MS), chemical analysis of technological
samples.
The results of semi-quantitative analysis of the initial technological samples are shown in Table
3.
Table 3
Results of semi-quantitative analysis of initial technological samples (SE "NIIMR")
Elements
Content, 10-3
-3
%
А-1
А-2
А-3
NA-4
NA-5
NA-6
Exodus
coal
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ba
1000
200
30
50
30
10
100
Be
0,15
0,5
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,2
1
V
7
10
15
15
15
10
5
Bi
<0,2
<0,2
<0,2
<0,2
<0,2
<0,2
<0,2
W
7
5
1,5
1,5
2
0,7
0,5
Ga
0,5
3
1,5
5
5
2
1,5
Ge
<0,1
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,2
0,2
<0,1
Cd
<0,1
<0,1
<0,1
<0,1
<0,1
<0,1
<0,1
Co
0,3
0,5
0,3
0,5
0,5
<0,1
0,5
Mn
30
150
30
30
20
7
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cu
<0,8
10
10
10
10
7
1,5
Mo
7
0,5
0,2
<0,1
<0,1
<0,1
0,2
As
3
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
Ni
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
Sn
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
<0,6
Pb
70
15
7
10
7
5
2
Ag
0,07
0,05
0,02
0,02
0,15
0,01
<0,005
Sb
5
5
7
7
10
7
7
Ti
300
500
300
300
300
200
500
Cr
5
5
10
5
15
5
3
Zn
30
30
20
15
15
10
<3
Au
<0,03
<0,03
<0,03
<0,03
<0,03
<0,03
<0,03
Nb
<0,4
2
1
1,5
2
2
1,5
Ta
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
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Li
10
10
3
5
3
<3
<3
The Elan-6000 Induction Coupled Plasma Mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) Elanis a state - of-the-
art, highly sensitive, fully automated instrument for precise elemental and isotopic analysis of
liquids and solids for the content of any elements of the periodic table.
Mass-spectral analysis of process samples (ICP-MS) was performed in the State Enterprise
"Central Laboratory".
Table 4
Results of mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis
initial technological samples (GP "TSL")
Elements
Content, g / t
Content (g/t)
in ore (of
industrial
significance
)
A-1
A-2
A-3
NA-4
NA-5
NA-6
Exodus
coal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Li
37
73
87
82
78
77
18
Be
1,20
2,50
3,20
3,30
3,10
2,90
0,89
Na
2400
2300
2600
2200
1600
1300
1300
Mg
1400
4400
5900
5200
3900
2200
2600
Al
37000
42000 78000
74000
54000
27000
22000
280000
P
370
450
610
510
510
410
230
K
7900
8500
10000
11000
9500
8400
2300
Ca
18000
20000 30000
17000
12000
7400
10000
Sc
5,20
7,90
11,00
12,00
8,00
4,90
4,30
Ti
1700
2800
4400
3900
3500
3500
700
V
49
71
97
100
90
82
36
Cr
43
52
86
57
79
44
34
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Mn
590
1400
600
470
350
180
530
Fe
150000 28000 55000
21000
21000
11000
7300
Minimum
140000-
250000
Co
5,40
6,60
11,00
8,20
7,10
7,00
2,50
Ni
9,0
12,0
28,0
12,0
14,0
8,9
4,7
Cu
47,0
35,0
49,0
40,0
36,0
29,0
9,8
Zn
170
210
100
88
52
63
40
As
31,0
11,0
27,0
13,0
13,0
19,0
3,8
Se
2,5
4,0
4,8
3,0
3,0
2,2
1,3
Rb
46,0
38,0
31
58
38
12
20
Sr
290
280
450
360
230
100
270
Y
14,0
16,0
23,0
20,0
17,0
10,0
9,3
Zr
60
86
120
110
100
94
27
Nb
13,0
19,0
24,0
22,0
22,0
23,0
4,3
Mo
50,0
20,0
15,0
9,1
6,6
4,5
18,0
Pd*
0,84
0,96
1,20
0,97
0,74
0,44
0,68
Ag
0,72
0,70
0,86
0,85
1,20
0,76
0,27
Cd
0,47
0,32
0,20
0,15
0,11
0,11
0,06
Sn
2,70
2,70
3,00
2,80
2,50
2,90
0,93
Sb
4,70
2,90
3,60
3,40
22,00
3,00
0,67
Te
0,17
0,17
0,17
0,14
0,05
0,10
0,05
Cs
11,0
8,6
8,0
15,0
13,0
7,3
5,6
Ba
510
1700
1900
1400
1000
710
320
La
18
29
37
36
30
12
15
Ce
33
44
67
63
47
19
24
Pr
4,7
6,6
8,6
8,5
6,9
3,0
3,4
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Nd
16,0
23,0
31,0
30,0
24,0
11,0
12,0
Sm
3,40
4,40
6,00
5,60
4,80
2,60
2,30
Eu
0,51
1,10
1,40
1,30
1,10
0,59
0,48
Gd
3,00
4,10
5,80
5,40
4,50
2,40
2,20
Tb
0,41
0,58
0,86
0,76
0,65
0,39
0,32
Dy
2,60
3,50
5,10
4,80
3,90
2,50
1,80
Ho
0,48
0,67
0,99
0,83
0,71
0,50
0,34
Er
1,50
1,90
2,90
2,50
2,10
1,50
1,00
Tm
0,21
0,27
0,43
0,35
0,30
0,23
0,15
Yb
1,30
1,80
2,60
2,20
2,00
1,50
0,87
Lu
0,21
0,25
0,38
0,33
0,30
0,21
0,13
Hf
2,2
3,1
4,3
4,2
3,7
3,5
1,0
Ta
0,90
1,30
1,80
1,60
1,60
1,70
0,29
W
26,0
23,0
12,0
9,1
6,6
4,7
7,2
Tl
4,20
1,40
1,40
1,20
0,84
0,91
0,39
Pb
470
73
47
47
31
37
16
Bi
0,61
0,33
0,42
0,41
0,24
0,32
0,27
Th
10,0
13,0
19,0
19,0
16,0
9,3
7,0
U
4,8
7,1
11,0
9,8
8,3
7,3
4,2
Re*
0,001
0,0024 0,007
0,002
0,003
0,001
0,001
Pt*
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,003
0,002
0,001
0,001
Au*
0,013
0,011
0,006
0,022
0,033
0,005
0,008
Ga*
9,30
18,00
23,00
23,00
19,00
19,00
5,50
Ge*
14,00
3,70
5,90
2,70
2,60
1,60
0,99
100-1000
Rh*
0,01
0,0090 0,0320
0,0190
0,0130
0,0043 0,0130
In*
0,046
0,034
0,057
0,057
0,046
0,040
0,018
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Note: * Elements marked with the sign have a semi-quantitative definition
As can be seen from Table 4, thetrend analysis of the distribution of the main elements that
make up ash showed that they mainly consist of Si, Al, Fe, and C in their mass, Ca, Mg, Na, K,
Ti, Ba, gallium, lead, and zinc are present in a subordinate amount, just below Clark – selenium,
titanium, vanadium, chromium, nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese.
Conclusion.
Thus, we can conclude that the average concentrations of trace elements in coals
fluctuate at the level of their clarks or slightly exceed them. The content of harmful and toxic
elements does not exceed the background values for coal ash and the maximum permissible
concentrations. At the same time, the concentrations of such elements as Cu, Zn, V, Ga, Sn, Zr,
and Ware almost two times lower than the background values in the country's coal ash. The
concentrations of Pb, Mo, Be, P, Ge, and Bi. Ag are particularly low (an order of magnitude
lower than the background values in coal ash), Р, Ge, Bi. Ag.
List of used literature:
1. Iguminova V. A., Karyuchina A. E., Rovenskikh A. S. Analysis of ash and slag waste
disposal methods. Research of young scientists: proceedings of the VI International
Scientific Conference (Kazan, January 2020). - Kazan: Young Scientist, 2020. - pp. 21-25.
2. Dvorkin L. I., Dvorkin O. L. Building materials from industrial wastes: a training and
reference manual. Rostov-on-Don: Feniks Publ., 2007, 363 p.
3. Guzhelev E. P., Usmansky Yu. T. Rational use of thermal power plant ash: Results of
scientific and practical research. Omsk: Omsk State University, 1998, 238 p. (in Russian)
4. Sharipov Kh. T., Kadirova Z. Ch., Turesebekov A. Kh., Sharipov R. Kh.. Kamolov T. O.
Mineralogicheskie i analiticheskie issledovaniya zoloshlakovykh otkhodov Angrenskoy
TPP [Mineralogical and analytical studies of ash and slag wastes of the Angren TPP].
Konferentsiya "Innovatsiya-2010", Tashkent, 2010, p. 165.
