Authors

  • Sh. Quziboev
    Fergana Polytechnic Institute.
  • A. Vakhobov
    Fergana Polytechnic Institute.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.ijai.114567

Abstract

This article examines the technological and ecological importance of production of building materials from industrial waste. Creating cheap, durable and environmentally friendly building materials by processing industrial waste (ash, slag, plastic and metal waste) is one of the important directions. The article discusses construction products such as fly ash concrete, slag bricks, and polymer-based materials from plastic waste obtained from industrial waste. Also, issues of improving the quality of materials obtained from industrial waste through innovative technologies such as nanotechnology, biocomposites, and 3D-printing were considered. This process is described as one of the effective methods of saving natural resources, ensuring environmental sustainability and reducing industrial waste.


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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 340

BUILDING MATERIALS BASED ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE OCCUPATION

Quziboev Sh.Sh.

Fergana Polytechnic Institute.

E-mail: quzibоyеvshоirjоn@gmаil.cоm

A.A.Vakhobov

Fergana Polytechnic Institute.

E-mail: vahobovabobakir@gmail.com

Abstract:

This article examines the technological and ecological importance of production of

building materials from industrial waste. Creating cheap, durable and environmentally friendly

building materials by processing industrial waste (ash, slag, plastic and metal waste) is one of

the important directions. The article discusses construction products such as fly ash concrete,

slag bricks, and polymer-based materials from plastic waste obtained from industrial waste.

Also, issues of improving the quality of materials obtained from industrial waste through

innovative technologies such as nanotechnology, biocomposites, and 3D-printing were

considered. This process is described as one of the effective methods of saving natural

resources, ensuring environmental sustainability and reducing industrial waste.

Key words:

industrial waste, construction materials, recycling, environmental sustainability,

fly ash concrete, slag brick, waste materials, technological innovations, biocomposite materials,

hybrid materials

Building materials obtained on the basis of industrial waste.

With the development of industry, the amount of waste from various factories and factories is

also increasing. Proper disposal or recycling of these wastes is important in preserving ecology.

In recent years, the production of new building materials based on the processing of this waste

has become increasingly relevant. This will not only help solve environmental problems, but

also allow you to create inexpensive and durable building materials.

Types of industrial waste and their properties.

Industrial waste can come in a variety of looks. For example, large amounts of waste are

generated in the metallurgical industry, energy production, chemistry, and other heavy

industries. Their main types are:

Ash and slag are products that are activated in the process of burning coal or other fuel in

thermal power plants.

Metal waste – residues that arise in the production of steel or iron in metallurgical plants.

Chemical industry waste-waste generated during the production of plastics, fertilizers and other

chemical products.

Wastewater-water used in factories is often contaminated with various chemicals.

It is possible to create a variety of building materials by properly processing this waste.

Technologies for processing and creating building materials.

Technologies for

processing industrial waste as building materials are developing in different directions. The

most commonly used methods are as follows:

Production of concrete and brick from ash and slag.

Thermal power plant waste (ash

and slag) is used as a key component in the production of concrete or brick. This method not


background image

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 341

only helps to dispose of waste, but also allows you to create durable and durable building

materials.

Polymer-based materials from plastic waste.

Plastic waste can be dissolved and

converted into polymer products used in construction. This not only reduces waste, but also

creates lightweight and water-resistant materials.

Construction structures from metal waste.

Various metal structures or elements can

be produced by re-smelting or recycling waste from the metallurgical industry.

Environmental and economic benefits.

Building materials that can be obtained on the basis of industrial waste have

multifaceted advantages:

Environmental efficiency:

waste recycling protects the environment from pollution

and reduces the volume of waste landfills. It also helps to preserve natural resources.

Cheap production:

waste usually has a low price or even is given for free. This

significantly reduces the cost of building material production.

Strength and longevity:

many waste products, such as slag and metal residues, have

high strength. This ensures that the materials are durable and long-lasting when used in

construction.

Future prospects.

With the development of Science and technology, new types of building

materials are emerging, which are obtained on the basis of industrial waste. Environmental

sustainability and waste reduction are global challenges, so this sector requires further

investment and research. In the future, materials produced on the basis of industrial waste are

expected to be more widely used, which will be instrumental in improving both the construction

industry and the environmental situation.

Types of building materials created on the basis of industrial waste.

Today, there are a

variety of building materials that can be obtained through the processing of industrial waste.

The most common of these are the following:

Fly Ash concrete (ash concrete).

Fly ash, the ash produced during the activated charcoal

burning process, is widely used in the production of concrete. This material increases the

strength and durability of concrete. Fly ash concrete is resistant to high pressure and corrosion

and has a long service life. It is also used in the construction of large structures and bridges.

Slag brick.

In the metallurgical industry, slags formed in the process of iron and steel

production are used to produce slurry bricks through special processing. These bricks are

known for their robust and insulating properties, providing thermal and sound insulation in

construction

.

Materials made of plastic waste.

Plastic waste is today considered one of the global

environmental problems. By dissolving them, through special technologies, plates, polymer

panels and other building materials are being prepared as replacements for wood. These

materials are distinguished by their resistance to water and air conditions and can be widely

used in construction

.

Materials based on sewage sludge.

The blisters formed from the effluent of factories and

factories can be dried and special plates or blocks made from them. These materials are

commonly used in agricultural structures and for the interior walls of high-rise buildings.


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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 342

Innovative technologies and development opportunities.

Industrial waste recycling

technologies are improving every year. Many scientists are researching the creation of new

materials and improving their quality. Some modern innovative technologies are as follows:

Nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is being used to improve the quality of building materials

obtained on the basis of industrial waste. For example, in the processing of ash and slag,

nanomaterials can be added to produce more durable and environmentally friendly concrete.3D-

printing texnologiyalari.

3D printing technologies make it possible to apply materials from industrial waste in the

construction process. The production of building blocks or details made of recycled materials

using special printers is considered as a revolutionary solution in the field of future construction.

Oxygen enrichment technology.

In the processing of waste in the metallurgical industry,

oxygen enrichment technology is used. This means that materials extracted from metal waste

can be achieved with greater quality and durability

.

Environmental sustainability and importance for future generations.

Building materials

obtained on the basis of industrial waste contribute significantly to ensuring environmental

sustainability. As a result of the increase in the population and the development of industry, the

amount of waste is also increasing. By using this waste in the production of building materials,

the degree of damage to nature can be reduced

.

In addition, this process helps to save natural resources.

For example, the soil and energy

consumption for the production of bricks is reduced, as well as the volume of use of natural

stone materials in the production of concrete is reduced. This is an important step to leave a

healthy and sustainable environmental environment for future generations.

Restrictions and problems in the application of building materials produced on the basis

of industrial waste.

Although the creation of building materials through the processing of

industrial waste has many advantages, there are a number of problems and limitations in this

process. Solving these problems will help to apply the process on a large scale.

Collection and separation of waste.

Before converting industrial waste into building materials,

it is necessary to collect them and separate them in accordance with the appropriate process.

This process takes a lot of time and work, and also requires technical means. In many cases,

industrial waste does not have the same composition, making it difficult to ensure the efficiency

of their processing

.

Quality control.

The quality of building materials produced from industrial waste can usually

be variable. For example, it can be difficult to get concrete or brick with the same quality at all

times from the same waste. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen quality control for

materials produced from industrial waste. This requires special laboratories and technical

testing.

Legislation and standards.

In many states, legal norms and standards regarding the use of

industrial waste as building materials are still not fully developed. This limits the large-scale

use of these materials in construction. The creation of a legislative framework that complies

with safety and environmental standards is one of the important issues.

High cost of technology implementation.

Industrial waste processing technologies require

expensive equipment and plants. Especially in developing countries, a large investment will be

needed to implement these technologies. Therefore, making technologies in this area more

affordable and attracting more investments is one of the pressing issues

.


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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 343

Scientific research and innovation.

The development of scientific research and technology is

opening up new directions in the field of converting industrial waste into building materials.

Scientists are researching to make these materials more durable, affordable, and

environmentally friendly.

Biocomposite materials

. In industrial waste processing, biocomposite materials are being

developed by adding biological raw materials. These materials combine natural waste with

industrial waste to create building products that are environmentally friendly and easy to

process.

Hybrid materials.

Hybrid materials are products formed from a combination of various

industrial waste and natural materials. For example, metallurgical slag can be combined with

natural stone to create hybrid concrete. These materials are distinguished by their strength and

durability.

Artificial intelligence and automation.

Artificial intelligence and automated technologies help

optimize the waste recycling process. For example, automatic waste separation and related

processing technologies are being developed using AI. This process significantly reduces time

and labor

.

Promotion and acceptance in society of building materials based on industrial waste.

To

some extent, resistance may occur to the introduction of new types of building materials and

their widespread use in society. People approach the adoption of new technologies with caution,

especially in conservative areas such as construction. Therefore, it is necessary to widely

promote building materials from industrial waste to society and explain their advantages.

Increase environmental awareness among the population.

Among the population, it is

necessary to promote the importance of waste processing and the use of environmentally

friendly building materials. Through this, a culture of the perception of industrial waste as

building materials is formed.

State programs and support.

Programs and financial assistance aimed at processing industrial

waste should be introduced by the state. It not only stimulates manufacturing enterprises, but

also helps to expand the market

.

International exchange of experience.

The exchange of experience in the field of industrial

waste processing among different countries is of great importance. The experience of developed

countries helps developing countries to implement effective solutions in this area.

Conclusion.

Building materials obtained on the basis of industrial waste have a huge advantage not

only in solving environmental problems, but also economically.

These materials are

inexpensive, durable and long-lasting, providing new opportunities in the construction industry.

The development of industrial waste processing technologies and their large-scale application

will remain one of the main factors of sustainable future construction.Building materials

obtained through the processing of industrial waste open up great potential, both

environmentally and economically. They are an important resource for protecting nature,

reducing the amount of waste and lowering the cost of construction. At the same time,


background image

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 344

technological progress and scientific research in this area remains the main factor in the

creation of new materials and their implementation in practice.

It is expected that in the future, large-scale processing of industrial waste and the creation of

environmentally sustainable building materials will be of great importance in large-scale

construction projects. It plays an important role not only in protecting the environment, but also

in creating new economic opportunities.

Used literature and internet addresses:

1.

K.Gupta

va boshqalar, Industrial Waste Management in Construction: Techniques and

Innovations, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022.

2.

J.T.Smith

, Recycling Industrial Waste for Sustainable Construction Materials, Cambridge

University Press, 2021.

3.

World Economic Forum

, "How Industrial Waste Can Help Build Sustainable Cities,"

https://www.weforum.org, 2023.

4.

European Union Environment Agency

, Industrial Waste as a Resource for Building

Materials, https://www.eea.europa.eu, 2023.

5.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

, "The Role of Industrial Waste

Recycling in Green Construction," https://www.unep.org, 2022.

6. Оtаkulоv B.А., Аbdullаyеv U.M. Нistоry оf fоаm соnсrеtе рrоduсtiоn dеvеlорmеnt //

Экономика и социум. 2021. №12-1 (91). URL: httрs://сybеrlеninkа.ru/аrtiсlе/n/histоry-

оf-fоаm-соnсrеtе-рrоduсtiоn-dеvеlорmеnt (дата обращения: 25.10.2024).

7. Абдуллаев , И., & Абдуллаев, У. (2023). Состав и свойства пенобетона с

известковыми отходами. Тенденции и перспективы развития городов, 1(1), 492–495.

извлечено

от

httрs://inlibrаry.uz/indех.рhр/рrоsресts-urbаn

dеvеlорmеnt/аrtiсlе/viеw/27486

8. Абдуллаев У.М. (2023). Состав и свойства пенобетона с применением известковых

отходов. Экономика и социум, (12 (115)-2), 1220-1225.

9. Bаkhrоmjоn Аdhаmоviсh Оtаkulоv, & Ulug’Bеk Mахmudоviсh Аbdullаyеv (2022).

Inсrеаsing thе durаbility оf struсturаl еlеmеnts оf tаnks fоr wаtеr using соmроsitе mаtеriаls.

Sсiеntifiс рrоgrеss, 3 (3), 358-361.

10. Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Bekzod Xomidjonovich Kodirov, & Hojiakbar Solijon

O’G’Li Solijonov (2021). CALCULATING THE COMPOSITION OF THE MINERAL

PART. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 403-408.

11. Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Bekzod Xomidjonovich Kodirov, & Hojiakbar Solijon

O’G’Li Solijonov (2021). ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF SOURCE

MATERIALS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 396-402.

12. Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Bekzod Xomidjonovich Kodirov, & Hojiakbar Solijon

O’G’Li Solijonov (2021). DETERMINATION OF ASPHALT CONCRETE

COMPOSITION. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 409-414.

13. Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Dilfuza Tillavoldiyevna Sobirova, & Madinakhon

Tolib Qizi Yokubova (2021). FACTORS THAT REDUCE THE HEAT-SHIELDING

PROPERTIES OF ENCLOSING STRUCTURES. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 479-485.

14. Tulaganov, A., Hodjaev, S., Sultanov, A., Tulaganov, B., Otakulov, B., Hodjaev, N., &

Abdasov, D. (2021). FESTIGKEITSBESCHREIBUNG DES SCHWERBETONS.


background image

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 345

15. Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Dilfuza Tillavoldiyevna Sobirova, & Madinakhon

Tolib Qizi Yokubova (2021). INFLUENCE OF DRY AND HOT CLIMATE ON

CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES. Scientific progress, 2

(8), 486-489.

16. Бахромов, М. М. Отакулов Бахром Адхамович, & Рахимов Элбек Хасанбой Угли

(2019). Определение сил негативного трения при оттаивании околосвайного грунта.

European science,(1 (43)), 22-25.

17. Мирзажанов, М. А., & Отакулов, Б. А. Бетон ва темирбетон конструкция-ларининг

ишчи чоклари муста^ камлигига таъсир этувчи факторлар. ФерПИ научно-

технический журнал, 21.

18. Mirzaev B., Otakulov B., Mamatov K., Otajonov O. Research of physical-mechanical and

physicalchemical properties of expanded direction concrete with complex polymer –

mineral additive of a new generation based on local raw materials //E3S Web of

Conferences. – EDP Sciences, 2023. – Т. 452.

19. Research of physical-mechanical and physical-chemical properties of expanded direction

concrete with complex polymer - mineral additive of a new generation based on local raw

materials Bakhodir Mirzaev, Bakhromjon Otakulov, Khamidulla Mamatov and Olmosbek

Otajonov

E3S

Web

of

Conf.,

452

(2023)

06002

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345206002

20. Gypsum binders based on ceramic industry waste Mamurjon Mirzajanov, Bakhromjon

Otakulov, Shoirjon Kuziboev, Bakhodir Mirzaev, Adkhamjon Khamidov and Zokhidjon

Abdulkhaev

E3S

Web

of

Conf.,

452

(2023)

06015

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345206015

21. Flow trajectory analysis and velocity coefficients for fluid dynamics in tubes and holes

Zokhidjon Abdulkhaev, Mamadali Madraximov, Shairakhon Abdujalilova, Saxiba

Mirzababayeva, Bakhromjon Otakulov, Abdusalom Sattorov and Zuhriddin Umirzakov

E3S Web of Conf., 452 (2023) 02010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345202010

22. Mirzajanov, M. A., M. M. Ergashev, and B. A. Otakulov. "Steam structure and thermal

conductivity of lightweight concrete aggregate." E3S Web of Conferences. Vol. 401. EDP

Sciences, 2023.

23. Otakulov B.A. (2022). AERABLE CONCRETE AND MODERN FACING MATERIALS

AND PRODUCTS BASED ON THEM. Экономика и социум, (11-1 (102)), 1125-1127.

24. Otakulov B.A. (2022). WALL DESIGNS AND THEIR HEATING AND TECHNICAL

INDICATORS OF MODEL HOUSES BUILT INDIVIDUALLY. Экономика и социум,

(4-1 (95)), 130-133.

25. Otakulov B.A., & Ismoiljonova M.M. (2022). USE OF BINDERS IN CONSTRUCTION.

Экономика и социум, (4-2 (95)), 373-375.

26. A. Otakulov, & Z. B. Mahmudov (2022). OPERATION OF BUILDINGS ON

SEDIMENTARY SOILS. Scientific progress, 3 (7), 104-107.

27. A. Otakulov, & Z. B. Mahmudov (2022). TECHNICAL OPERATION OF BUILDINGS

IN SEISMIC REGIONS. Scientific progress, 3 (7), 99-103.

28. Otakulov B.A., Abdurasulova N.Sh., & Xaydarov J.O. (2022). IMPORTANCE OF

SULPHATE-RESISTANT PORTLAND CEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION. Экономика и

социум, (5-1 (96)), 161-163.

References

K.Gupta va boshqalar, Industrial Waste Management in Construction: Techniques and Innovations, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022.

J.T.Smith, Recycling Industrial Waste for Sustainable Construction Materials, Cambridge University Press, 2021.

World Economic Forum, "How Industrial Waste Can Help Build Sustainable Cities," https://www.weforum.org, 2023.

European Union Environment Agency, Industrial Waste as a Resource for Building Materials, https://www.eea.europa.eu, 2023.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), "The Role of Industrial Waste Recycling in Green Construction," https://www.unep.org, 2022.

Оtаkulоv B.А., Аbdullаyеv U.M. Нistоry оf fоаm соnсrеtе рrоduсtiоn dеvеlорmеnt // Экономика и социум. 2021. №12-1 (91). URL: httрs://сybеrlеninkа.ru/аrtiсlе/n/histоry-оf-fоаm-соnсrеtе-рrоduсtiоn-dеvеlорmеnt (дата обращения: 25.10.2024).

Абдуллаев , И., & Абдуллаев, У. (2023). Состав и свойства пенобетона с известковыми отходами. Тенденции и перспективы развития городов, 1(1), 492–495. извлечено от httрs://inlibrаry.uz/indех.рhр/рrоsресts-urbаn dеvеlорmеnt/аrtiсlе/viеw/27486

Абдуллаев У.М. (2023). Состав и свойства пенобетона с применением известковых отходов. Экономика и социум, (12 (115)-2), 1220-1225.

Bаkhrоmjоn Аdhаmоviсh Оtаkulоv, & Ulug’Bеk Mахmudоviсh Аbdullаyеv (2022). Inсrеаsing thе durаbility оf struсturаl еlеmеnts оf tаnks fоr wаtеr using соmроsitе mаtеriаls. Sсiеntifiс рrоgrеss, 3 (3), 358-361.

Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Bekzod Xomidjonovich Kodirov, & Hojiakbar Solijon O’G’Li Solijonov (2021). CALCULATING THE COMPOSITION OF THE MINERAL PART. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 403-408.

Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Bekzod Xomidjonovich Kodirov, & Hojiakbar Solijon O’G’Li Solijonov (2021). ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF SOURCE MATERIALS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 396-402.

Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Bekzod Xomidjonovich Kodirov, & Hojiakbar Solijon O’G’Li Solijonov (2021). DETERMINATION OF ASPHALT CONCRETE COMPOSITION. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 409-414.

Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Dilfuza Tillavoldiyevna Sobirova, & Madinakhon Tolib Qizi Yokubova (2021). FACTORS THAT REDUCE THE HEAT-SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF ENCLOSING STRUCTURES. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 479-485.

Tulaganov, A., Hodjaev, S., Sultanov, A., Tulaganov, B., Otakulov, B., Hodjaev, N., & Abdasov, D. (2021). FESTIGKEITSBESCHREIBUNG DES SCHWERBETONS.

Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, Dilfuza Tillavoldiyevna Sobirova, & Madinakhon Tolib Qizi Yokubova (2021). INFLUENCE OF DRY AND HOT CLIMATE ON CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES. Scientific progress, 2 (8), 486-489.

Бахромов, М. М. Отакулов Бахром Адхамович, & Рахимов Элбек Хасанбой Угли (2019). Определение сил негативного трения при оттаивании околосвайного грунта. European science,(1 (43)), 22-25.

Мирзажанов, М. А., & Отакулов, Б. А. Бетон ва темирбетон конструкция-ларининг ишчи чоклари муста^ камлигига таъсир этувчи факторлар. ФерПИ научно-технический журнал, 21.

Mirzaev B., Otakulov B., Mamatov K., Otajonov O. Research of physical-mechanical and physicalchemical properties of expanded direction concrete with complex polymer – mineral additive of a new generation based on local raw materials //E3S Web of Conferences. – EDP Sciences, 2023. – Т. 452.

Research of physical-mechanical and physical-chemical properties of expanded direction concrete with complex polymer - mineral additive of a new generation based on local raw materials Bakhodir Mirzaev, Bakhromjon Otakulov, Khamidulla Mamatov and Olmosbek Otajonov E3S Web of Conf., 452 (2023) 06002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345206002

Gypsum binders based on ceramic industry waste Mamurjon Mirzajanov, Bakhromjon Otakulov, Shoirjon Kuziboev, Bakhodir Mirzaev, Adkhamjon Khamidov and Zokhidjon Abdulkhaev E3S Web of Conf., 452 (2023) 06015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345206015

Flow trajectory analysis and velocity coefficients for fluid dynamics in tubes and holes Zokhidjon Abdulkhaev, Mamadali Madraximov, Shairakhon Abdujalilova, Saxiba Mirzababayeva, Bakhromjon Otakulov, Abdusalom Sattorov and Zuhriddin Umirzakov E3S Web of Conf., 452 (2023) 02010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345202010

Mirzajanov, M. A., M. M. Ergashev, and B. A. Otakulov. "Steam structure and thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete aggregate." E3S Web of Conferences. Vol. 401. EDP Sciences, 2023.

Otakulov B.A. (2022). AERABLE CONCRETE AND MODERN FACING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS BASED ON THEM. Экономика и социум, (11-1 (102)), 1125-1127.

Otakulov B.A. (2022). WALL DESIGNS AND THEIR HEATING AND TECHNICAL INDICATORS OF MODEL HOUSES BUILT INDIVIDUALLY. Экономика и социум, (4-1 (95)), 130-133.

Otakulov B.A., & Ismoiljonova M.M. (2022). USE OF BINDERS IN CONSTRUCTION. Экономика и социум, (4-2 (95)), 373-375.

A. Otakulov, & Z. B. Mahmudov (2022). OPERATION OF BUILDINGS ON SEDIMENTARY SOILS. Scientific progress, 3 (7), 104-107.

A. Otakulov, & Z. B. Mahmudov (2022). TECHNICAL OPERATION OF BUILDINGS IN SEISMIC REGIONS. Scientific progress, 3 (7), 99-103.

Otakulov B.A., Abdurasulova N.Sh., & Xaydarov J.O. (2022). IMPORTANCE OF SULPHATE-RESISTANT PORTLAND CEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION. Экономика и социум, (5-1 (96)), 161-163.

Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, & Khumoyun Sharifjon O‘Gli Sultonov (2022). FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF CONCRETE AGGREGATES. Scientific progress, 3 (3), 616-620.

Bakhromjon Adhamovich Otakulov, & Khumoyun Sharifjon O‘Gli Sultonov (2022). EXPLOITATION OF EXPANDED CLAY IN CONSTRUCTION. Scientific progress, 3 (3), 621-624.