INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
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MODALITY IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISCOURSE
Kholnazarova Vazira Bozor kizi
Uzbekistan state world languages university, Tashkent
Abstract:
In different types of speech, the topic of modality occupies an important place in the
fields of linguistics and speech science. Modality refers to how a word or phrase expresses an
attitude in a sentence, meaning such as probability, necessity, permission, or obligation. Speech
types, on the other hand, include different forms of communication, namely formal and
informal, written and oral, forms of speech that occur in contexts such as scientific and artistic.
The modes of expression and functions of modality are unique in each type of speech. This
article will analyze in detail how modality manifests itself in different types of speech, its
linguistic and communicative significance, as well as how modality tools differ depending on
the context of speech.
Keywords:
modality, linguistics, speech, phrases, speech science, grammatical rules,
communicative and pragmatic point of view, functions.
INTRODUCTION
Modality is one of the important concepts in linguistics that makes it possible to further enrich
the meaning of a sentence, express the speaker's opinion, attitude, desire, or degree of
probability. Any language has its own modality tools with which the speaker can express
various moods, conditions and states through their own words. The concept of modality is of
great importance not only grammatically, but also from a communicative and pragmatic point
of view. It helps to clarify the content of a sentence, establish a relationship with the listener or
reader, as well as adapt to various social and cultural contexts in the process of communication.
The main function of modality is to show the speaker's attitude towards the sentence. This
attitude can have different meanings, such as probability, necessity, opportunity, permission,
obligation or desire. For example, the speaker expresses this degree of probability using
modality tools when talking about the possibility of an event occurring. Or he uses modality to
emphasize that someone needs to do something. Thus, modality plays an important role in
shaping the exact meaning of a sentence. [1]
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In linguistics, modality is seen in two basic forms: grammatical modality and lexical modality.
Grammatical modality is often expressed through special modality verbs or suffixes. Lexical
modality, on the other hand, manifests itself using modality words, phrases, and other lexical
units. Both forms are used in speech for different purposes and enrich the content of the
sentence. Modality tools exist at various levels of language, including syntax, morphology, and
lexicon, which vary in different contexts of speech. The role of modality in linguistics is
important not only in clarifying the meaning of a sentence, but also in the process of
communication. Through modality, the speaker conveys his or her opinion clearly to the
listener, influencing his or her behavior, or defining interactions with the interlocutor. Therefore,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 744
modality plays a large role in improving the effectiveness of communication, reducing
misunderstandings. Especially in social and cultural contexts, the proper use of modality is an
integral part of communication culture. The study of modality is very important not only for
language theory, but also for the areas of practical language learning, translation, speech culture
and communication. The study of how modality is expressed and its functions in different types
of speech opens up new opportunities for language learners and linguists. This helps to further
understand the language, to expand its communicative capabilities. Therefore, the study of the
concept of modality, its role and functions in types and speech is an urgent and important issue
in linguistics. This topic is one of the main areas in the study of theoretical and practical aspects
of language, as well as effective communication in different cultures. Through modality, the
speaker will be able to express his opinion more clearly, richer and more impressively. This
serves to more perfectly fulfill the function of the language's primary function of providing
communication and establishing human interaction.[2]
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The main function of modality is to show the speaker's attitude towards the sentence. This
attitude can have different meanings, such as probability, necessity, opportunity, permission,
commitment, desire. For example, in the sentence" he may come", the word" possible "denotes
probability, while in the sentence" you must do it", the word" necessary " expresses necessity.
Modality verbs (modal verbs), modality words, modality suffixes, and intonation tools are used
as modality tools. The use of these tools in each type of speech has its own characteristics. In
oral speech, modality is often expressed using context and intonation. In oral communication,
the speaker makes extensive use of modality tools to accurately convey his or her opinion to the
listener. For example, in conversations, discussions, interviews, the speaker emphasizes the
probability, necessity, or permission of his or her thought through modality verbs and
intonation. In oral speech, the main function of modality is to convince the listener, make a
request or a recommendation. Also, in oral speech, modality is expressed in many cases in a
short and simple form, which ensures the speed and naturalness of communication.[3]
In written speech, modality is expressed more through grammatical and lexical means. In
official written speech, for example, in scientific articles, documents, legislation, modality is
clearly and strictly expressed. In this type of speech, modality provides rigor and formality in
indicating probability, necessity, or permission. For example, phrases such as "results show
that" or "this method is necessary to apply" in scientific articles represent modality formally and
explicitly. In written speech, the tools of modality are more stylistically adapted, chosen based
on the subject and audience. The peculiarity of modality in scientific discourse is that it is used
in the emphasis on probability and evidentiality. In scientific articles, the tools of modality
serve to express the author's opinion in a clear, reliable and objective way. Through modality,
the author indicates that his opinion has an evidential basis, but at the same time the probability
of new information. For example, phrases such as" these results are probably so "or" this theory
must be applied " are widely used in scientific discourse.[4]
In artistic speech, modality performs a more emotional and expressive function. With the help
of modality tools in artistic texts, the author expresses his characters, their feelings and
relationships. In this type of speech, modality is often manifested through metaphors, pictorial
expressions and dialogues. For example, in fiction, expressions of modality such as "he will
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 745
definitely come" or "I will not believe it" reveal the inner world of characters. In artistic speech,
modality is more used in the expression of subjectivity and personal thought. In social speech,
modality plays an important role in determining the rules of social relations and communication.
For example, in official conversations, workplace communication or speeches in government
agencies, respect, demand, permission and commitment are shown using modality tools. In this
type of speech, the tools of modality are selected based on social status and role. For example,
in the words of a senior person, more strict modality expressions are used, while an ordinary
employee expresses more compliment and prudent modality.[5]
The cultural aspect of modality is also considered important. Each language and culture has
different ways and rules for expressing modality. While some cultures require more politeness
and care when asking for permission or making an offer, others may have it more direct and
assertive. Therefore, the correct understanding and application of modality in speech types in
different cultures increases the effectiveness of communication. Differences in modality in
speech types are also important in language learning. For language learners, the correct use of
modality tools in different speech contexts helps to understand speech culture. For example, in
an informal conversation, it is easy to say "you can do", but instead of such a phrase in an
official document or scientific article, expressions of clear and strict modality are used.
Therefore, in order to master the language perfectly, it is necessary to thoroughly study the
modes of expression in different types of speech of modality. The communicative functions of
modality vary depending on the type of speech. While in oral speech modality serves to express
more interactivity and emotion, in written speech it is aimed at conveying clear and assertive
meanings. In scientific discourse, modality is the main tool in emphasizing the author's
evidential thought, and in artistic discourse, in expressing emotions. In social discourse,
however, modality is used to define rules of communication and social relations.[6]
CONCLUSION
In summary, modality has its own forms of expression in different types of speech, with each
type of speech selecting and applying modality tools to suit its purposes and tasks. In oral
speech, modality is expressed using more intonation and context, while in written speech,
grammatical and lexical means predominate. In scientific discourse, modality emphasizes
evidence and probability, while in artistic discourse it reinforces emotional and subjective
expression. In social speech, modality determines the rules of communication and regulates
social relations. Taking into account the cultural and contextual aspects of modality is necessary
to understand the culture of speech and to communicate effectively. Therefore, the study of
modality in different types of speech plays an important role in linguistics and communication
theory and is of great help in the practical application of language.
REFERENCES:
1. Sultanova M. "Modality functions in speech types", 2022, Uzbekistan State University of
World Languages Press
2. Islamov B. "Modality in language and speech: theoretical and practical aspects", 2022,
Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 746
3. Rasulov Sh. "Modality and its expressiveness in communication", 2021, Publishing House of
the Tashkent State Institute of language and literature
4. Karimov A. "Tools of lexical modality and their role in speech", 2021, National Publishing
House of Uzbekistan
5. Tursunova N. "Pragmatic aspects of the modality category", 2021, Tashkent State
Pedagogical University Press
6. X. Muhiddinova, D. Khudoyberganova. "Current Uzbek literary language", 2019, Publishing
House of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
