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TERMS AND TERMINOLOGY IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
(On the example of the period of independence)
Saidova Khurshida Fakhriddinovna,
Uzbekistan, Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Teacher of the Department of Uzbek Language and Literature
Abstract:
This article discusses the fields and terms related to them that entered the Uzbek
language during the period of independence. The article discusses the enrichment and
development of all languages in the world not only based on internal opportunities,
but also due to external sources, that is, borrowing words from other languages. It also
discusses terminology and terms. Information is provided about scientific research in various
fields and issues in these fields. Examples of modern fields are given. Proposals are made for
in-depth study of field terms and their adaptation to the language system.
Keywords
:Uzbek language lexicon, field terms, terminology, neologisms, external source,
internal source, newly emerged words, term, alternative words, borrowed words, modern fields.
Language is a product of human thought, it is constantly developing and changing. The
vocabulary of any language is updated and enriched at different times. Neologisms - that is,
new words and terms - play an important role in this process. Terminology is a science that
systematically studies the terms of a field. In this direction, the structure, origin, meaning,
function and interrelationships of terms are studied. The rapid development of science and
technology in the Uzbek language during the period of independence also accelerated the
process of the emergence of new units and words related to this field. The lexicon of the Uzbek
language is also enriched with scientific and technical terms.
Uzbek terminology is a system of terms used in science, technology, law, medicine, culture
and other fields in the Uzbek language and the process of their formation, regulation and
standardization. Terminology is a special area of linguistics, which is of great importance
for specialists in the field, translators, authors and scientific researchers. Loanwords are words
that have entered the Uzbek language from other languages and have been adapted
phonetically, grammatically and semantically. For example, words such as "barg", "tilla",
"kitob" were borrowed from persian-tajik and arabic languages. Although these words initially
entered the language as neologisms, they are absorbed into the language over time.
Borrowed words are words taken directly or with minor changes from other languages. They
are often technical, scientific terms that are poorly adapted to the language or have not yet been
fully assimilated. For example, words such as "scanner", "outsourcing", "QR-code" are
considered borrowed words.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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Field terms are a set of special words and terms used in a specific scientific, technical,
economic or other specialized field, which serve to clearly and concisely express concepts
within this field.
Uzbek linguists say that field terminology is a system of special terms used within a specific
science, technology, profession or industry. Unlike words in the general language, they express
concepts related only to this field. Uzbek linguists have expressed their opinions on the subject
of terminology and terminology in a number of scientific studies, monographs and works.
Below we can observe the opinions of linguists: According to linguist H. Jamolkhonov: “Terms
are nominative units expressing specialized concepts related to science, technology, literature,
art and other fields, the application of which is limited to a specific field.” According to another
linguist Kalinin: “A term is an expression, a name, of a concept that is completely official,
accepted and legislated in a particular science, industry, agriculture, technology.”
New words play an important role in enriching terminology, especially in science and
technology, economics, and other fields. The morphological method of word formation - the
formation of new words through affixes and word additions - is one of the most productive
methods of enriching the lexicon of modern languages.
Each field has its own set of terms, which are widely used and studied by specialists in the field.
Linguists emphasize the great role of new words, borrowings, and loanwords in enriching the
language. New words and neologisms serve the development of the language, while loanwords
are absorbed into the language and increase its vocabulary. Loanwords play an important role in
expressing new concepts and phenomena.
The following new words and terms have entered the lexicon of the Uzbek language. In the
field of technology and science: “sun’iy intellekt”, “displey”, “internet”, “monitor”, “printer”,
“sayt”, “skaner”, “fayl” kabi atamalar keng qoʻllanila boshlandi.
Iqtisodiyot va boshqaruv
sohasida: “audit”, “auditor”, “broker”, “depozit”, “diler”, “konsalting”, “lizing”, “menejer”,
“menejment”, “monitoring”, “nou-xau”, “xolding” Words such as are actively used in
economic activity. In the social and cultural spheres: “slayd”, “paynet”, “prezentatsiya”, “kredit
modul tizimi”, “o‘quv markazi” sports-related words like "sport" have taken on new meanings.
Most Uzbek linguists are supporters of creating terms based on the internal capabilities of the
Uzbek language as much as possible. Instead of directly borrowing foreign words, they offer
methods such as: finding synonyms, creating innovations based on word formation models, that
is, creating new words, and giving new meanings to existing words in the Uzbek language. For
example: “computer” instead of “hisoblash mashinasi” or “kompyuter”, “xalqaro tarmoq”
instead of “Internet” can be cited as examples.
Linguists, in particular M. Yuldoshev, M. Tuychiyev and others, emphasize the need for
state-wide standardization of terms. If terms are used incorrectly, this negatively affects science.
Linguists say that it is necessary to develop terms with the participation of the scientific
community, popularize them through appropriate dictionaries and formalize them based on
legal norms. According to Uzbek linguists, they emphasize the terminology of the field as an
important factor for the development of the Uzbek language. They also admit that the
introduction of field terms should be based on the capabilities of the national language, along
with the use of international terminological experience.
1
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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The views of several Uzbek linguists on terms are as follows:. The famous linguist
G‘.Yuldoshev deeply studied the terms that entered our language, their origin, patterns of
formation and norms. He always emphasized the need to form terms based on the national
language. Among the linguists working in the field of terminology, S. Sodiqov did fruitful work
in studying scientific terms and field terms in the Uzbek language. The linguist noted: terms
should be created based on the national language, each term should be clear, concise and
unambiguous for its field, there should be a connection between the terms and the vernacular.
In modern linguistics, special attention is paid to the study of field terms (i.e., special terms
used in certain scientific or professional fields). They are considered within the framework of
terminology and interdisciplinary relations. Below are examples of the study of several fields
and their related terms: Research was carried out on terms related to the field of medicine and
their use in the Uzbek language, translation problems, synonyms, terms that have entered the
vernacular (for example, the use of cardiomyopathy, anemia, oncology, therapy, etc.). In this
study of medical terms, N. Jo'rayev worked on the adaptation of medical terms to the Uzbek
language and translation issues. Kholbeyeva conducted research on the linguistic features of
Uzbek medical terms.
Legal (law) terms. Example: Terms such as the Constitution, the judiciary, the Criminal
Procedure Code. Research on legal terms Z. Eshonkulova - worked on the methodology and
translation of terms used in legal documents. Researcher M. Tursunov - provided a systematic
analysis of legal terms. In these studies, issues such as the stylistics of legal texts, the adaptation
of international law terms, and the creation of terms were resolved.
Terms in the field of technology and engineering. Example: Uzbek versions of the terms
robotics, algorithm, software, artificial intelligence. Researcher O. Ochildiyev studied the
translation and
lexical-semantic properties of technical terms. Another researcher
A.
Haydarov conducted research on the translation of technical texts and term formation. The
assimilation of new terms introduced with the development of modern technologies has
found its solution.
Terms in the field of
economics and finance. Example: translation and frequency of use of the terms inflation, stocks,
investment, digital currency. G. Toshpulatova – worked on the linguistic characteristics and
translation of economic terms.
Z. Boboyeva – conducted research on making
financial terms understandable in the vernacular. Issues such as the introduction and adaptation
of new economic concepts associated with the development of a market economy have found
their solution.
Terms in the field of information technology (IT). Example: Identifying Uzbek equivalents of
browser, server, file, interface, chatbot, etc. Researcher Sh. Shomansurov has written articles on
the use and translation of IT terms in the Uzbek language. Another researcher in this field, D.
Beknazarov, has conducted research on the structure and semantics of computer terms.
Problems such as adapting English terms in the IT field to the Uzbek language and creating
synonyms are awaiting their solution.
The newest and most modern fields that are currently being formed or actively developing in
the Uzbek language include several areas. These fields are also rapidly developing in
Uzbekistan under the influence of global scientific and technological progress. New terms are
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1018
being created for them or Uzbek alternatives to foreign terms are being sought. Below are the
main modern fields that are considered new and rapidly developing in the Uzbek language:
Artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, biotechnology and genetics, space technologies,
nanotechnology, medical technologies and digital healthcare, fintech – integration of finance
and technology...etc.
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