INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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THE ROLE OF LITERATURE SHOWING OPPRESSIVE POLITICS IN THE
EXAMPLE OF “ANIMAL FARM”
Qayumova Fotima Homidovna
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
1st year master's student
+998915518855
Abstract:
This article analyzes the role of literature in exposing oppressive politics and shaping
critical thinking through the example of English writer George Orwell's work "Animal Farm."
The work reveals through artistic expression the ideological control, manipulation, and
restriction of human freedom, which are one of the main features of the totalitarian system. The
article highlights the symbolic expression of the work, plot development, and how political
oppression is depicted through the characters. Also, the importance of literature in encouraging
society to be vigilant, reminding historical lessons, and forming political consciousness is
considered on a scientific basis. The research results confirm the relevance of Orwell's work for
today and the fact that literature is an influential tool in socio-political life.
Key words:
George Orwell,, “Animal Farm”, oppressive politics, Napoleon, Sovet Union,
political manipulation.
INTRODUCTION
Literature, as an important art form reflecting and influencing the social, political, and cultural
life of society, occupies a special place in the history of mankind. In particular, through political
literature, writers exposed the contradictions, oppression, and injustice of their time, awakened
social consciousness, and encouraged the reader to think critically. In this regard, the work of
George Orwell, a prominent representative of 20th-century English literature, deserves special
attention. His work "Animal Farm" is a satirical work that deeply reveals the essence of
totalitarian regimes, enriched with symbolic meaning.
This article analyzes how oppressive politics are expressed through the example of "Animal
Farm", how real political forces and historical figures are depicted in the work through animals,
as well as the role of literature in exposing political oppression. The article is based on literary
analysis, contextual approach, and political-cultural interpretation. The main goal of the
research is to highlight the role of art and literature as an effective means of understanding
political reality and combating it.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The expression of political themes in literature, in particular, issues of totalitarian regimes,
oppressive politics, and ideological control, is one of the widely studied areas in modern literary
criticism. George Orwell's work holds a special place in this regard, and he is known as a writer
who exposes political oppression through his works. His works "Animal Farm" (1945) and
"1984" (1949) are aimed at revealing the essence of totalitarianism through artistic images and
have not lost their relevance even today.
Researchers, in particular, C. Booker (2004) and J. Meyerson (1999) note in their research that
the characters and events in the barn directly refer to the history of the Soviet Union, and real
political figures (Stalin, Trotsky, etc.) are symbolically depicted through animals. At the same
time, G. Woodcock (1966) evaluates Orwell's creative position within the framework of "the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1100
struggle for human freedom and truth" and shows him as a pioneer of modern political literature.
M. Kadyrova (2021) in her article highlights the role of literature in the formation of social
consciousness and studies the motifs of the artistic struggle against oppression on the example
of classical and modern literature.
Also, the theoretical works of such scholars as M. Foucault and T. van Dijk, who studied the
relationship between ideology and language, serve as an important basis for the analysis of
political literature. In their opinion, language is not only a means of conveying information, but
also the main means of maintaining and promoting power. This aspect is clearly manifested in
the work "Animal Farm," where ideological manipulation is carried out through the change of
language among animals.
METHODOLOGY
This study is based on the method of qualitative analysis, in particular, the approach of
contextual and discursive analysis of the literary text was used. George Orwell's "Animal Farm"
was studied at the political-symbolic level, and the main features of the totalitarian system were
revealed through characters, realities, and linguistic units. The symbols reflected in the work
were interpreted in a historical and political context, and the writer's idea and position were
analyzed based on existing scientific sources. Thus, the role of literature in the formation of
political consciousness was theoretically and practically highlighted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the literary and political analysis conducted during this study, it was determined that
George Orwell's work "Animal Farm" is a powerful literary tool that reveals the essence of
political oppression and totalitarian regimes through artistic expression. The work symbolically
depicts important political changes in human history, especially the Stalinist period in the
Soviet Union and its consequences, through the events taking place on an animal farm. Through
the pig class, Orwell portrays the political elite and how they distort ideals such as their pursuit
of power, abuse of power, justice, and equality. In the work, the image of Napoleon gradually
gains strength, taking control of the remaining animals, strengthening power through strict
control, fear, and false propaganda instead of promises of freedom and equality - reflects the
basic principles of oppressive politics. In particular, phrases like "All animals are equal, but
some are more equal than others" clearly demonstrate the power of political manipulation and
ideological deception. Through this, Orwell reveals how political power holders deceive the
masses through ideological slogans, control public consciousness, and promote their interests.
In the course of the research, it was revealed that the work "Animal Farm" expresses a universal
critical attitude not only to the political environment of its time, but also to any authoritarian or
totalitarian system. Furthermore, through his simplicity, symbolic expressions, and concise yet
profound plot, Orwell succeeds in explaining the dangers of oppressive politics to readers of all
ages. This work can be considered not only as a product of literary creation, but also as a
political lesson, a moral warning, a means of historical memory. Within the framework of the
discussion, it should be noted that Orwell's artistic approach is inextricably linked with his
political views. He defends the ideas of human freedom, justice, and truth by criticizing
oppression and injustice committed under the guise of communist ideology. Literature here
becomes not only an entertainment or aesthetic tool, but also a powerful platform that shapes
social awareness and calls society to reflection.
At this point, another important aspect of Orwell's work is the ideological control carried out
through language and discourse. This situation also corresponds to modern discourse theories
about how language is used as a means of power. Through the changing of rules written by pigs,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1101
the distortion of the meaning of slogans, Orwell exposes the ideological manipulation carried
out through language. Based on the research results, it can be said that the work "Animal Farm"
has not lost its relevance even today, on the contrary, it is repeatedly studied as political
literature on a global scale. The symbols in it indicate the possibility of abuse of power by
political forces in any period and territory. This confirms the universality of Orwell's work and
the role of literature in social life.
CONCLUSION
In this article, the role of literature in exposing oppressive politics is comprehensively analyzed
using George Orwell's "Animal Farm" as an example. The results of the study show that the
work "Animal Farm" is a powerful artistic tool that has a profound impact on society with its
symbolic content, political allegory, and simplicity. Through his work, Orwell revealed
important political aspects such as how totalitarian regimes were formed, how they
implemented ideological manipulation, control through language, and how they suppressed
human freedom.
Through the events and characters depicted in the work, the author draws attention not only to
the history of the Soviet Union, but also to the danger of abuse of power in any period. The
modern aspect of this work is that it shows what role literature plays in shaping social and
political consciousness, leading society towards justice and truth. It is precisely thanks to this
approach of Orwell that the work "Cattle Farm" remains relevant in today's global political
environment.
In conclusion, “Animal Farm”, as a political fiction, not only reflects the writer's position, but
also encourages the reader to think independently, draw conclusions from historical lessons,
and fight for social justice and freedom. This research once again confirms that literature, along
with aesthetic values, is a powerful tool for shaping social and political consciousness.
REFERENCES:
1. Orwell, G. (1945). Animal farm: A fairy story. Secker and Warburg.
2. Orwell, G. (2020). Molxona (T. translator). Yangi asr avlodi. (Original work published
1945)
3. Woodcock, G. (1966). The crystal spirit: A study of George Orwell. Little, Brown and
Company.
4. Meyerson, J. (1999). George Orwell and the politics of truth. Seven Stories Press.
5. Booker, C. (2004). The seven basic plots: Why we tell stories. Continuum.
6. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.).
Pantheon Books.
7. Van Dijk, T. A. (1998). Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. Sage Publications.
8. Qodirova, M. (2021). Adabiyot va ijtimoiy ong: Badiiy matnda mafkura talqini. Filologiya
masalalari, (1), 44–49.
