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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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page 1184
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF LITERARY WORKS
(BASED ON JAVLON JOVLIYEV’S WORK "DON’T BE AFRAID")
Soliyeva Xusnida Hasanboy qizi
Lecturer at University of Business and Science
Email: husnida201@gmail.com
Phone: +998978261197
Abstract:
This article analyzes the topic of discourse and simultaneously discusses the
importance of historical discourse. In the historical work, anthroponyms and toponyms, as well
as their nominative and communicative features, are examined. The article also highlights the
functions of anthroponyms within the scope of their use in literary works.
Keywords:
discourse, anthroponym, toponym, Don’t Be Afraid, Lola, Abdurauf Fitrat, Ulug'
Kursdosh.
INTRODUCTION
Discourse is an interdisciplinary research topic. Beyond theoretical linguistics, it is a
main object of study in fields related to computer linguistics and artificial intelligence,
psychology, philosophy and logic, sociology, anthropology and ethnology, literature, semiotics,
historiography, theology, law, pedagogy, translation theory and practice, politics, and other
disciplines connected with discourse. Each of these fields approaches discourse study in its
unique way.
N.A. Nikonov considered toponyms as proper nouns having three types of meanings: 1)
pre-toponymic meaning (the etymological meaning of the appellative), 2) the inherent meaning
of the toponym itself, and 3) post-toponymic meaning [2,62-63]. According to Nikonov, the
name "Yelena" embodies the concepts of "person" and "woman." Furthermore, this name also
points to meanings like "there she is" and "individual" [3,55].
A similar viewpoint is found in the work of Azerbaijani linguist Hasan Aliev, who
stated that proper nouns have both specific and general meanings. For example, the name Sevil
means person, woman, Azerbaijani woman; Ivan means person, male, Russian [4,7].
In this article, we analyze the historicity of discourse in literature. To deeply explore
discourse analysis in literary works, we focus on anthroponyms and proper nouns used in
Javlon Jovliyev's "Don’t Be Afraid." The work features various categories of proper nouns,
including anthroponyms (personal names), toponyms (place names), names of organizations,
and other proper nouns. Some of these are examined in detail. Each proper noun in the work
carries communicative and informative properties. Through these onomastic units, the general
idea of the historical work is conveyed clearly and understandably to the reader.
The author uses various anthroponyms to reveal this characteristic. The main character
of the story remains unnamed, which is itself a unique stylistic choice. Lola is the beloved
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1185
daughter of the main character. "I loved Lola from school and still love her. We were neighbors,
growing up side by side."
Discourse is the socially applied use of language to convey broad historical meanings.
The use of historical names also serves a specific function. For example, the figure of Abdurauf
Fitrat in the story clearly shows the goal of students going to Germany for education. Fitrat’s
gaze sharpens, and his steps quicken, as if his hands and feet hurried forward. Those behind
him follow, and the Timur Mausoleum stands proudly and firmly, casting a shadow over
Samarkand.
This use is conditioned by social circumstances — who uses it and in what context. The
author conveys his idea through historical figures. Munavvarqori Abdurashidxonov is described
in historical sources as an enlightened intellectual and a leader of the Jadid movement. He
understood early the need for educated youth in Turkestan and supported this cause.
"You wrote a letter to Munavvarqori Abdurashidxonov, emphasizing the importance of
Western Europe in the life of Turkestan: 'Sending students abroad is not just about producing a
few engineers or specialists; it won’t solve the poverty of our people. The focus must be on the
economic resources needed to improve the situation and their application. For this, we need
local youth who deeply understand economics, as essential as water and air.'"
A proper noun is “semantically reduced” and not related to the concept: “The
transformation of a common noun into a proper noun is primarily the loss of the concept and
the word becoming a nickname; conversely, the transformation of a proper noun into a common
noun is associated with the emergence of a new concept through new important features of the
word” [1,61].
The name of a German woman in the story also ensures informativeness: “According to
dormitory manager Laura Schmidt, the conflict arose due to a love quarrel.” Through the Timur
Mausoleum, students seem to receive blessings from Timur, as if Timur himself gave a prayer.
"We are not facing just a mausoleum filled with history and glory, but Timur himself, with his
proud and sharp gaze, seemed to be standing and watching."
In the story, a child’s birth is believed to be cursed, and the grandfather continuously
questions where and from whom this curse originated. The grandfather avoids telling the truth
about who the traitor really is. However, villagers already know this truth.
According to V.N. Telya, naming acts proceed in direct cooperation with pragmatic
factors. The second (significant) factor reflects the nominators’ attitude in their expression:
emotional, evaluative, oriented towards the social context of speech or the existing language
forms, and its functional and stylistic distinctions. Naming reflects not only objective reality but
also pragmatic, subjective attitudes, creating expressive properties of linguistic units based on
the special subjective-modal component of meaning [5].
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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“Shodi Choloq, Umri Qozok, Tursunqul grandfathers said: Your father was cruel and corrupt. I
pray! Once upon a time, my grandfather sent everyone to study. All of this happened thanks to
Ulug' Kursdosh from Tashkent.”
In the story, Ulug' Kursdosh is mentioned as a clear symbol of bribery and corruption.
“Great leaders such as Fitrat, Fayzulla Khojayev, and Cholpon became renowned in the Turkic
world.” The narrator argued with him about Babur and the Taj Mahal, saying that he spent
much time in London. “The English made Hindus into humans,” he said. I laughed at his
situation. We also have plenty of such people, but few openly say it abroad.
“Pharaoh Khan, you didn’t bribe the past this much...” Through this historical figure, an
anthroponym is used as a metaphor. He missed Lenin: “After all, he reduced the price of bread
by a few kopecks! Where is such a cap!”
The awakening of the nation is depicted with everyone joining forces for the
enlightenment of the youth. Among those who risked their lives and helped their peers were
Sayyid Alikhoja, Ibrohim Arifkhan, Kamol Dadakhoja, Unsh, Risqi Rahimiy, Abduvohid
Jalongir, Tolagan Momin, Ochilkhoja, Ahmad Shukriy, Tokir Shokiriy, and Salimxon
Tillaxonov, whose presence promises joyful years ahead for the nation. They did not think only
of themselves or yawn like old men in the teahouse; instead, they walked street to street,
begging if needed, to send students abroad for education.
The "Komak" charity soon opened regional branches, and donations were collected for
the education of our children in Germany from all sides. We, the theater troupe led by Mannon
Uyghur and our great poet Cholpon, prepared a performance for "Komak." Today, Turkestan’s
children are studying in Germany, sitting alongside Russians, Germans, and Poles, often with
even greater intellect. Yet you still sow discord. Can you forget the time when Petrovskiy could
not find a single student to send to Europe?
Professor Dyurte, Mrs. Nozima, Shirinbek Potya Abduvahob qizi, Mrs. Marta Meyerson, and
Ahmad Shukriy participated as historical and textual figures. Navoi is also mentioned in the
story, along with his works Farhod and Shirin and Layli and Majnun.
In conclusion, the use of historical anthroponyms in historical works is very important.
Historical works use historical figures and place names that have unique functions. Besides
their nominative function, they also perform a communicative function. Through historical
works, we can obtain relevant information about historical facts, truths, and the life and
activities of historical figures.
References:
1. Reformatsky A.A. Introduction to Linguistics / ed. by V.A. Vinogradov. Moscow: Aspect
Press, 1996. 536 pages.
2. Nikonov V.A. Introduction to Toponymy. Moscow, 1965. – P.184
3. Nikonov N.A. Tasks and Methods of Anthroponymy // Personal Names in the Past, Present
and Future. Moscow, 1970. P.55.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1187
4. Telya V.N. Connotative Aspect of Semantics of Nominative Units. Moscow: Nauka, 1986.
143 pages.
5. Eliyev N. General Anthroponymy Problems. Baku, 1985. 170 pages.
6. Javlon Jovliyev, Don’t Be Afraid. Tashkent, 2020.
