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UDC: 633.11: 631.531.04
THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND RATES ON THE YIELD OF SPRING
SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES
F.B.Jabborov
Karshi State Technical University
ORCID ID: 0009-0001-2553-1890
Abstract:
In this article, the effect of planting standards and timings on the productivity of
spring soft wheat varieties in the conditions of gray soils in Karshi district of Kashkadarya
region is highlighted. It was stated that when the grain yield obtained as a result of conducting
the research was subjected to mathematical statistical processing, the reliability of the
experiment was very low.
Key words:
Spring wheat, variety, grain, term, norm, yield, least significant difference,
experimental error, quintal, hectare.
ANNOTATSIYA.
Ushbu maqolada Qashqadaryo viloyatining Qarshi tumanidagi bо‘z
tuproqlar sharoitida bahorgi yumshoq bug‘doy navlarining hosildorligiga ekish meyorlari va
muddatlarining ta’siri ta’kidlangan. Tadqiqot olib borish natijasida olingan don hosiliga
matematik statistik ishlov berilganda tajriba xatoligi juda past bо‘lganligi aniqlanganligi
ifodalangan.
Kalit sо‘zlar:
Bahorgi bug‘doy, nav, don, muddat, meyor, hosildorlik, eng kichik muhim farq,
tajriba hatoligi, sentner, gektar.
АННОТАЦИЯ.
В данной статье рассматривается влияние критериев и сроков посева на
урожайность сортов мягкой яровой пшеницы в условиях сероземов Каршинского района
Кашкадарьинской области. Отмечено, что при математической статистической обработке
урожая зерна, полученного в результате исследований, погрешность эксперимента
оказалась весьма низкой.
Ключевые слова:
Яровая пшеница, сорт, зерно, период, критерий, урожайность,
наименьшая существенная разница, ошибка опыта, центнер, гектар.
Relevance of the topic.
Currently, cereal crops are cultivated on 340 million hectares of
land worldwide, of which 57.8 million hectares, or 17 percent, are allocated to spring soft wheat.
More than 90–100 million tons of wheat grain are exported annually on the global market, with
spring wheat accounting for 10–15 percent of that volume.
For this reason, it is considered a
pressing issue to develop economically efficient agro-technological measures that improve both
the yield and quality of spring wheat. This includes determining the effects of different sowing
dates and seeding rates on crop productivity, as well as selecting fast-maturing varieties suited
1
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to the specific soil and climatic conditions of each region.
At present, the agricultural sector of our republic is undergoing fundamental reforms.
Special attention is being paid to the modernization and accelerated development of agriculture,
the deepening of structural transformations, the continuous advancement of production, the
strengthening of the country’s food security, and the expansion of environmentally clean
product output. Furthermore, in the context of the rapid development of livestock farming,
improving the cultivation techniques of forage crops like millet by establishing dedicated
cultivation areas has become one of the priority tasks.
This dissertation research is being carried out within the framework of the Presidential
Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5742 dated February 17, 2019, “On Measures for
the Efficient Use of Land and Water Resources in Agriculture,” and the Cabinet of Ministers
Resolution No. 806 dated September 24, 2019, “On Additional Measures to Ensure High Yields
through the Phased Introduction of the Cluster System in Cereal Cultivation.”
To date, scientific research on obtaining high-quality and high-yield grain from spring
soft wheat varieties on irrigated lands in the southern regions of Uzbekistan — specifically in
Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya provinces — has not been sufficiently conducted
In many cases, our research is carried out by relying on the experiences of developed
countries or based on studies from the 20th century. However, we rarely utilize the knowledge
and practices of our own ancestors. The land on which we live has a long-standing agricultural
tradition and is rich in experience. For example, the geographer Istakhri noted that in the 7th
century, the regions around the cities of Yerqurgan and Shulluktepa (present-day Qarshi) on the
right bank of Kashkadarya were considered fertile lands specialized in dryland farming, where
various types of cereals and other crops were cultivated [1].
In the Middle Ages, when natural disasters occurred in the region of Mawarannahr, a
culture of cultivating cereals in late periods had developed. Specific agro-technological
measures were introduced for short-term grain production, which enabled the population’s
demand for bread and bakery products to be met [2].
Based on the above information, it is appropriate to emphasize that it is indeed possible
to grow cereals in the spring season under our soil and climate conditions. Therefore, in the
southern region of our republic — specifically in the light sierozem soils of Kashkadarya
province — we have set the goal of studying the effects of sowing spring soft wheat varieties
such as "Navro‘z," "Parvoz," and "Janub gavhari" under different sowing times and seeding
rates.
Research methods.
Our scientific research was conducted at the central experimental
site of the Southern Agriculture Research Institute. In the experiments, the spring wheat
varieties “Navro‘z,” “Parvoz,” and “Janub gavhari” were sown on February 10, February 20,
and March 1 at seeding rates of 3.0 million, 3.5 million, and 4.0 million viable seeds per hectare.
Phenological observations, records, and analyses were carried out in accordance with
the methodology of the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry and the guidelines for conducting
field experiments.
All phenological observations were conducted at three designated points within 1 m²
plots for each variant of the I–III replications in the experiment.
Research results.
During the research, the impact of sowing rates and dates on the yield
of the spring wheat varieties “Navro‘z,” “Parvoz,” and “Janub gavhari” planted in the
Р.О.Орипов Н.Х Халилов “Ўсимликшунослик” \\ Тошкент 2006й
2
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experimental field was determined. According to the results obtained, when sown on the first
date (February 10, 2023) at seeding rates of 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 million viable seeds per hectare,
the grain yield for the “Parvoz” variety was 31.2, 33.3, and 33.5 centners per hectare,
respectively; for the “Navro‘z” variety, the grain yield was 32.2, 33.8, and 32.9 centners per
hectare; and for the “Janub gavhari” variety, when sown at the same rates, the grain yield
reached 35.1, 36.4, and 33.9 centners per hectare, respectively (see Table 1).
Table 1
The Effect of Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates on the Yield of Spring Wheat
(EF of SARI, 2023, First Sowing Date)
№
Planting
date
Planting
criteria
Variety name
Productivity, s/ha
Average
Returns
I
II
III
1
10
,0
2,
20
23
4
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
32,4
30,1
31,1
31,2
2
Navrо‘z
32,2
32,2
32,1
32,2
3
Janub gavhari
33,6
36,7
35,1
35,1
4
3.5
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
33,7
32,4
33,7
33,3
5
Navrо‘z
33,5
34,0
34,0
33,8
6
Janub gavhari
36,1
36,8
36,2
36,4
7
4
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
32,9
34,0
33,6
33,5
8
Navrо‘z
32,7
32,9
33,0
32,9
9
Janub gavhari
33,4
34,4
33,8
33,9
Experimental error Sx
0,452
Mean error difference Sd
0,639
Least significant difference (05) s/ga
1,309
Least significant difference (05) %
3,899
Standard deviation S
0,782
Coefficient of variation Sv %
2,329
On the second sowing date (February 20, 2023), when the seeds were sown at rates of
3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 million viable seeds per hectare, the grain yield of the “Parvoz” variety was
recorded as 27.7, 29.2, and 30.1 centners per hectare, respectively; for the “Navro‘z” variety,
the yield was 28.6, 29.9, and 29.7 centners per hectare; and for the “Janub gavhari” variety, the
yield was 29.4, 32.6, and 30.4 centners per hectare, respectively (see Table 2).
Table 2
The influence of sowing dates and criteria on spring wheat yield
(EF of SARI, 2023, Second Sowing Date)
№
Planting
date
Planting
criteria
Variety name
Productivity, s/ha
Average
Returns
I
II
III
1
10
,0
2,
20
23
4
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
27,3
28,2
27,6
27,7
2
Navrо‘z
28,2
29,0
28,7
28,6
3
Janub gavhari
28,6
30,1
29,4
29,4
4
3.5
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
29,9
27,3
30,5
29,2
5
Navrо‘z
30,8
28,8
30,1
29,9
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6
Janub gavhari
31,5
33,7
32,7
32,6
7
4
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
29,4
30,9
30,1
30,1
8
Navrо‘z
29,8
29,8
29,6
29,7
9
Janub gavhari
30,7
30,2
30,4
30,4
Experimental error Sx
0,516
Mean error difference Sd
0,730
Least significant difference (05) s/ga
1,497
Least significant difference (05) %
5,031
Standard deviation S
0,894
Coefficient of variation Sv %
3,006
On the third sowing date (March 2, 2023), when the seeds were sown at rates of 3.0, 3.5,
and 4.0 million viable seeds per hectare, the grain yield of the “Parvoz” variety was recorded as
26.4, 27.8, and 29.0 centners per hectare, respectively; for the “Navro‘z” variety, the yield was
27.2, 28.1, and 27.5 centners per hectare; and for the “Janub gavhari” variety, the yield reached
28.4, 30.6, and 29.6 centners per hectare, respectively (see Table 3).
Table 3
The influence of sowing dates and criteria on spring wheat yield
(EF of SARI, 2023, Third Sowing Date)
№
Planting
date
Planting
criteria
Variety name
Productivity, s/ha
Average
Returns
I
II
III
1
10
,0
2,
20
23
4
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
25,6
27,2
26,4
26,4
2
Navrо‘z
26,2
28,1
27,2
27,2
3
Janub gavhari
27,5
29,4
28,4
28,4
4
3.5
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
26,0
29,6
27,7
27,8
5
Navrо‘z
26,9
29,3
28,0
28,1
6
Janub gavhari
28,5
32,5
30,9
30,6
7
4
mln.
units/ha
Parvoz
28,2
29,7
29,1
29,0
8
Navrо‘z
26,4
28,7
27,5
27,5
9
Janub gavhari
28,1
29,0
31,7
29,6
Experimental error Sx
0,459
Mean error difference Sd
0,649
Least significant difference (05) s/ga
1,330
Least significant difference (05) %
4,701
Standard deviation S
0,794
Coefficient of variation Sv %
2,809
The conducted research confirms that sowing rates and dates significantly influence the
yield of spring wheat. In particular, if we consider the impact of sowing dates in relation to soil
and climatic conditions, it becomes evident that in the conditions of Qarshi district, starting
from the second ten-day period of February, the temperature becomes favorable for plant
growth. Moreover, since the growing season of spring wheat begins earlier, the grain-filling
phase takes place before the sharp increase in air temperature in May, resulting in relatively
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Journal:
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page 1359
higher grain productivity.
As for the impact of sowing rates on yield, the general observation is that the higher the
number of germinated seeds, the more limited each plant’s feeding area becomes. The reduction
in feeding area negatively affects the accumulation of dry matter in the plant. This influence,
too, is largely dependent on the prevailing soil and climatic conditions.
CONCLUSION.
Under the soil and climatic conditions of Qarshi district in the
Qashqadaryo region, the “Janub gavhari” variety of spring soft wheat demonstrated higher yield
compared to other varieties, showing superiority in terms of both sowing dates and seeding
rates.
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