INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1367
MELIORATIVE STATUS OF IRRIGATED SOILS AND WAYS TO INCREASE
PRODUCTIVITY
Tulkin Tilakovich Rajabov
Associate Professor of the Department of "Technology of Cultivation and Processing of
Agricultural Products" of Karshi State Technical University
Allaerova Umida Akramkulovna
Student of Karshi State Technical University QXT-427-22-group
Аннотация:
Қарши дашти шароитида энг долзарб муаммолардан бири тупроқ
мелиорациясини яхшилаш, иккиламчи шўрланишни олдини олиш, шўрланишга қарши
курашиш, тупроқнинг балл бонитетини яхшилаш, экологик ҳолатини талаб даражасида
сақлаш.
Калит сўзлар: с
уғориш, сингиш, тупроқ, унумдорлик, туз, дехкончилик, агротехник,
шўрланиш, сув, сизоб, гектар, минераллаш.
Аннотация:
В условях Каршинской степи один из основных проблем является улучщить
мелиоративное состояние почв, предотвратит вторичное засоление почв, принимать
меры борьбы против засоление, улучщить бонитета почв и охрана естественное
экологического состояния природы.
Ключевые слова:
орошение, поглощение, почва, плодородие, соль, земледелие,
агротехника, засоление, вода, просачивание, гектары, минерализация.
Annotation:
One of the most urgent problems in the conditions of the resistance is the
improvement of soil reclamation, prevention of secondary salinization, combating salinization,
improvement of soil fertility, and maintaining the ecological state of the demand.
Key words:
irrigation, absorption, soil, fertility, salt, farming, agrotechnics, salinity, water,
seepage, hectares, mineralization.
Assessment of the melioration status of irrigated soils in the Karshi steppe conditions,
the formation of undesirable secondary salinization processes during their use, and the
composition and characteristics of measures necessary to eliminate these factors depend on the
analysis of natural factors. Disruption of agrotechnical processes Irrigation has a significant
impact on soil properties, as it increases soil moisture and brings dissolved salts into the water.
Irrigation water penetrates the soil, changing the water regime, and secondary salinization
occurs due to improper use of irrigation water.
One of the most important tasks facing agricultural workers is to improve soil
condition, prevent secondary salinization, combat salinization, maintain soil fertility, its
economic efficiency, ecological condition at the required level, and organize natural protection.
More than 45 percent of the 515.08 thousand hectares of irrigated agricultural land are
saline to varying degrees, which indicates a 4 percent decrease in saline areas compared to 2012.
In recent years, great attention has been paid to improving the reclamation condition of irrigated
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1368
agricultural lands in the region. In 2012, 66 hectares, in 2014 - 71 hectares, in 2014 - 71
hectares, in 2014 - 160 hectares, in 2014 - 140 hectares. As of 2018, it has covered 1020
hectares. In 2012, 194.05 thousand hectares, in 2014 - 222.37 thousand hectares, in 2016 -
203.98 thousand hectares, in 2018 - 203.13 thousand hectares оrganized. In 2012, the area of
3-5 meters above sea level was 320.92 thousand hectares, in 2014 - 292.24 thousand
hectares, in 2016 - 309.95 thousand hectares. The indicator covers an area of 280.79
thousand hectares, and it is known that the water level in this valley ranges from 62.23 percent
to 54.52 percent.
In the analysis of mineral water levels in groundwater, the area of mineral water
levels per 1 liter of water was 102.51 hectares in 2012, 102.62 hectares in 2014, 102.62 hectares
in 2016, 98.8 hectares in 2016. In 2018, the area was 100.85 hectares, which is 1.62 times more
than in 2012.
During this period, the area with groundwater mineralization of 1-3 grams per liter also
decreased from 134.32 thousand hectares to 121.16 thousand hectares, or from 26.05% to
23.52%, or 2.53%. The area with a groundwater mineralization level of more than 3.0 grams
per liter was 278.83 hectares at the beginning of 2012, while by the end of 2018 this figure had
increased to 293.07 hectares or from 54.07 percent to 56.90 percent, that is, by 2.93 percent
over this period.
Table 1
Changes in groundwater levels
Sizob
waters
surface. m
2012
2014
2016
2018
a
thousand
to
%
a
thousand
to
%
a
thousand
to
%
a
thousand
to
%
<1
0,03
0,01
0,03
0,01
0,11
0,02
0,09
0,02
1-1,5
0,66
0,14
0,71
0,14
1,40
0,27
1,02
0,20
1,5-2,0
8,50
1,69
7,76
1,51
10,64
2,06
9,92
1,92
2,0-3,0
185,55
35,98
214,61
41,64
193,34
37,52 223,26
43,34
3,0-5,0
204,14
39,59
185,58
36,01
192,10
37,27 164,60
31,96
>5
116,78
22,64
106,66
20,70
117,85
22,86 116,19
22,56
Total
515,66
100
515,35
100
515,44
100
515,08
100
Over the years, a decrease in the amount of salts in the area with a groundwater
mineralization level of up to 3 grams per liter has been observed, while an increase in the area
with a groundwater mineralization level of more than 3 grams per liter has been observed.
As a result, it was observed that the amount of harmful salts in the upper layers of the
soil decreased, moderately and strongly saline areas became weakly saline, and weakly saline
areas became non-saline (Table 2).
Table 2
Changes in the area of saline aquifers with varying degrees of salinity
Salts
micdori, g
2012
2014
2016
2018
a
thousand
%
a
thousand
%
a
thousand
%
a
thousand
%
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1369
to
to
to
to
<1 г
102,51
19,88
96,78
18,78 96,78
18,78 100,85
19,58
1-3 г
134,32
26,05
120,47
23,37 120,47
23,37 121,16
23,52
>3 г
278,83
54,07
298,19
57,85 298,19
57,85 293,07
56,90
Total
515,66
100
515,44
100
515,44
100
515,08
100
It was found that the area of non-saline soils in the irrigated areas of the region is
increasing, while the area of weak, medium, strong and saline soils is decreasing from year to
year. Non-saline soils increased from 272.87 thousand hectares in 2012 to 280.33 in 2018
(Table 3).
The area of land with medium, strong and very strong (saline) soils decreased
proportionally from 47.86; 12.84 thousand hectares in 2012 to 39.85; 10.23 thousand hectares
in 2018. It is seen that during these years the area of land requiring salt leaching and
improvement of soil melioration (strong saline and saline) decreased from 12.84 thousand
hectares to 10.23 thousand hectares or 20.33 percent.
In recent years, due to improved land reclamation, proper salt leaching, and irrigation,
the area of weakly, moderately, and strongly saline and brackish lands has significantly
decreased, leading to an increase in non-saline areas.
One of the main factors is the increased performance and efficiency of inter-district,
inter-farm and closed-bed collector-drainage networks in the irrigated farming areas of
Kashkadarya region. The total length of collector-drainage networks was 14,466.81 kilometers
in 2012, and by January 1, 2017, this figure was equal to 15,213.33 kilometers. According to
the above, it was found that the per hectare of irrigated area increased from 28.045
pagonometers to 29.56 pagonometers.
It is worth noting that in recent years, the decrease in the cost of production and the
increase in the level of profitability in districts such as Kasbi, Karshi, Koson, and Nishan,
which have a high production volume, are an example of this.
Thus, as a result of maintaining an acceptable level of syzyb waters (around 3 meters), their low
salinity (1-3 g/l), mineralization of irrigation water (0.7-1.8 g/l), agrotechnical and land
reclamation activities the total saline area of the 515.08 thousand hectares of total irrigated
area in the region decreased from 242.9 thousand hectares to 230.5 thousand hectares, or 12,400
hectares.
The total amount of irrigation water received for irrigation in the region was 4434.32
million cubic meters, and its dry residue per liter was 1.0475 grams. At the same time, the total
amount of salt introduced with irrigation water amounted to 5221.73 thousand tons in dry
residue.
During the year, the amount of groundwater discharged through the collector-drainage
networks amounted to 1434.19 cubic meters. The mineralization level of the collector-drainage
waters was 3.9588 per liter of groundwater in terms of dry residue. 7055.82 thousand tons of
salt were discharged from the collector-drainage networks and irrigation waters and soil layers.
When comparing the amount of salt entering through irrigation water with the amount of salt
removed through collector-drainage networks, it was found that 1,626.76 thousand tons of
excess salt was removed from the soil layers. This is the case in the Nishan, Mubarak, Karshi,
and Mirishkor districts of the region. On the contrary, in districts such as Koson, Kamashi, and
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1370
Kasbi, the difference between the amount of salt entering with irrigation water and the amount
of salt leaving through collector-drainage networks changed negatively, or in the above-
mentioned districts, 169.98; 90.57 and 103.67 tons of harmful salts remained in the soil layers,
respectively (Table 4).
Table 4
Water-salt balance in the irrigated areas of the region in 2016
№
№
D
ist
ric
ts
Introduction
flowed
salts
(tons)
solid
residue
Output part
Salts
released
(tons)
Changes
in
the
amount of
salts (ton
+-)
solid
residue. +-
the
amount of
water
taken
from the
district
border
(mln. m3)
salt content
of irrigation
water, gr/l
solid
residue
stay
tight
salinity
of
raw
water
(gr/l)
1
Guzor
247,30
1,46
361,06
98,03
6,37
624,26
-263,19
2
Karshi
421,022
1,66
698,90
146,64
5,05
739,80
-40,90
3
Koson
656,32
1,54
1010,73
183,57
4,58
840,75
169,98
4
Kitob
105,66
0,29
30,64
3,80
0,566
2,15
28,49
5
Kamashi
290,23
1,17
339,57
42,38
5,88
249,00
90,57
6
Mirishkor 683,27
1,28
874,59
240,64
4,97
1195,68
-321,09
7
Muborak
279,75
1,25
349,69
195,49
5,56
1086,92
-737,24
8
Nishon
569,45
0,96
546,67
271,09
5,22
1415,09
-868,42
9
Kasbi
507,25
1,19
603,63
159,66
4,43
707,29
103,67
10 Chirokchi 259,74
0,58
150,65
36,59
1,69
61,84
88,81
11 Shaxrisabz 181,2
0,42
76,10
4,26
0,69
2,94
73,16
12 Yakkabog
‘
233,12
0,77
179,50
52,04
2,5
130,10
49,40
By region
4434,32
1,0475
5221,73
1434,19 3,9588
7055,82
2004,08
By correctly organizing the water-salt balance of the irrigated areas, it is necessary to
achieve a positive change in the water-salt balance, that is, the amount of salts in the incoming
water and soil should be less than the amount of salt leaving through the collector-drainage
networks. It is desirable that the balance of water-salt exchange from irrigated areas is at least
equal.
To date, 279.56 thousand hectares of the total irrigated area are considered good, and
219.95 thousand hectares are considered satisfactory, or 97.06 percent.
It should be noted that it is desirable to organize the water-salt balance of the irrigated lands
correctly, to achieve that the amount of salts in the water and soil entering through the irrigation
water does not exceed the amount of salt leaving it.
Based on the presidential decrees, the entrepreneurial use and protection of irrigated lands
primarily involves the correct application of agro-ameliorative measures, maintaining the level
of its mineralization within acceptable limits, and the use of existing mains, it is recommended
to repair inter-district and internal household collector-drainage networks, coordinate the flow
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1371
of stormwater in them, and use local and mineral fertilizers in accordance with scientifically
developed recommendations.
REFERENCES:
1.
Isaev, S., Rajabov, T., Goziev, G., & Khojasov, A. (2021). Effect of fertilizer application on
the ‘Bukhara-102’variety of cotton yield in salt-affected cotton fields of Uzbekistan. In E3S
Web of Conferences (Vol. 258, p. 03015). EDP Sciences.
2.
Isaev, S., Rajabov, T., & Dolidudko, A. (2018). Influence of inorganic fertilizers on cotton
crop yield in saline soils. Bulletin of Science and Practice.
3.
Исаев, С., & Ражабов, Т. (2008). Тақирсимон тупроқлар шароитида субирригация
усулида суғрилганда ғўза ҳосилдорлигига таъсири. О’zbeison qishloq xo’jaligi, (3), 11-
12.
4.
Ражабов, Т. Я., Ражабов, Т. Т., & Ходиева, С. А. (2022). ҒЎЗАНИНГ ЮҚОРИ
ҲОСИЛДОРЛИГИГА
СУҒОРИШ
ВА
ЎҒИТЛАШ
МЕЪЁРЛАРИНИНГ
БОҒЛИҚЛИГИ. Инновацион технологиялар, 1(1 (45)), 84-87.
5.
Ражабов, Т. (2023). ҒЎЗАДАН ЮҚОРИ ҲОСИЛ ОЛИШДА ТАЪСИР ЭТУВЧИ
ОМИЛЛАР. Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук, 3(10), 99-102.
6.
Abdivokhidovich, I. Z., Tilakovich, R. T., & Pirmat, N. (2022). EFFECTIVE
STANDARDS AND TERMS OF APPLICATION OF ATLANTIS HERBICIDE IN
GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTH OF UZBEKISTAN.
7.
Abdivohidovich IZ, Tilakovich RT O'zbekiston sharoitida gerbitsid Atlantis 3,6% va
o'g'itlardan foydalanishning kuzgi bug'doy hosiliga ta'siri //Miasto Przyszłości. – 2024. – T.
55. – S. 142-144.
8.
Abdivohidovich IZ, Tilakovich RT, Pirmat N. Atlantis gerbitsidini O'zbekiston janubida
don etishtirishda qo'llashning samarali standartlari va shartlari //Yevropa qishloq xo'jaligi va
qishloq ta'limi jurnali. – T. 3. – №. 4. – S. 15-17.
9.
Chorshanbiyev N., Musayev M., Qo'ziboyev A. INGICHKA TOLALI G'O'ZA
NAVLARINING TARQALISHI VA OZIGA XOSLIGI //Академические исследования в
современной науке. – 2022. – Т. 1. – №. 14. – С. 109-111.
10.
Abdivokhidovich I. Z., Samandarovich M. M. Effect of the Use of Herbicide and Fertilizer
on Economic Efficiency in the Growth of Winter Wheat //European Scholar Journal. – 2021.
– Т. 2. – №. 7. – С. 8-9.
11.
Rajabov T. T., Qarshiyev A. E., Xojamurotov A. S. IRRIGATSIYA EROZIYASIGA
CHALINGAN YERLARDA TUPROQNING HAJM MASSASINI O ‘ZGARISHI VA KO
‘CHAT QALINLIGI //American Journal of multifunctional publishing. – 2024. – Т. 1. – №.
2. – С. 11-15.
