INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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page 1436
SCIENTIFIC TERMS BORROWED FROM PERSIAN IN THE LEXICON OF THE
UZBEK LANGUAGE
Khusainova Gulnoza Shukhratovna
Lecturer, Department of “Oriental Languages”
University of World Economy and Diplomacy
Abstract:
This article explores the influence of Persian-origin scientific terminology on the
Uzbek lexicon. Linguistic interactions between Persian and Uzbek languages date back
centuries, with significant exchanges facilitated through trade and cultural connections along
the Silk Road. Persian, as a prominent language of science, literature, and culture in the
medieval Islamic world, enriched Uzbek scientific lexicon with terms related to philosophy,
mathematics, medicine, and literature. The article examines key scientific terms of Persian
origin, their etymology, semantic evolution, and adaptation within the Uzbek language. Insights
into their phonetic adaptation and semantic broadening or narrowing are provided, illustrating
the dynamic interplay between the two languages.
Keywords:
Uzbek lexicon, Persian-origin words, scientific terminology, linguistic interaction,
etymology, phonetic adaptation, semantic evolution.
Introduction
Language contacts between Persian and Uzbek go back to ancient times. These contacts
arose mainly as a result of trade, cultural and scientific ties along the Great Silk Road. Since
Persian was important in the Muslim world in the Middle Ages as the language of science,
literature and education, scientific and cultural terms of that time were often in Persian. Persian
scientific terms occupy a special place in the lexicon of the Uzbek language. Language contacts
between Persian and Uzbek have been formed since ancient times, and these ties have also
found their expression in the field of scientific terms. Below we will analyze some scientific
terms of Persian origin and their meaning.
Some scientific terms borrowed from Persian
1.
هفسلف
– This word is borrowed from Persian and Arabic and means "philosophy".
Philosophy studies the nature of human thought, existence and knowledge.
2.
ایمیک
– The term "chemistry" is used to refer to the scientific discipline of chemistry.
In early times, it also meant "elixir" or "alchemy".
3.
تایضایر
– The Persian name for the science of mathematics, which comes from the
Arabic word "riyaz" (exercise).
4.
تمکح
– This word is used in the meaning of "wisdom", "rational thinking". It is
widely used in the scientific and theoretical sphere.
5.
تبابط
– A term used in the medical field. This word comes from the Arabic "tib" and
Persian suffixes.
6.
هیرظن
– In Persian and Uzbek languages it is widely used to denote a scientific
hypothesis or scientific view.
7.
تایبدا
– It is a mixture of Persian and Arabic languages and is used in the sense
of literary activity and its theory.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1437
Persian terms have had a great influence not only on the scientific lexicon, but also on the
cultural, social and religious spheres. The scientific characteristics of Persian words in the
Uzbek lexicon can be summarized as follows:
Etymological layer:
Words borrowed from Persian are usually associated with Arabic
origin and are localized in the Uzbek language.
هفسلف -
It comes from the Greek word "philosophia", which means "wisdom and love".
It entered Persian through Arabic and later became part of Uzbek.
Meaning
: Related to the study of scientific and philosophical views.
Chemistry -
comes from the Greek word "chemi" or "chymia", meaning "chemistry" or
"art of mixtures"
.
Formed in Persian under the influence of Arabic and assimilated into the Uzbek language.
Meaning
: A scientific field based on the analysis and transformation of substances.
تایضایر -
It comes from the Arabic word "riyaz" (ضاير), which means "exercise" and
"teaching".
Formed in Persian through Arabic, it is used to refer to the science of mathematics.
Meaning
: The science that studies mathematical processes.
هیرظن -
Derived from the Arabic word "nazar" (رظن), meaning "to see", "to look" or "to
think".
Widely used in Persian and passed into Uzbek as a scientific term.
Meaning: Scientific hypothesis or theoretical idea.
1. Expanding the scope of meaning:
Persian words are sometimes used in Uzbek in a
broader or narrower sense.
ناتسمز – Zemeston - The root word "zem" or "zam" (مز) means "earth" or "cold" in Old
Persian. This goes back to the word "zama" (snow or cold) in Old Iranian languages.
"Stan" (ناتس) is used in Persian to mean "place", "region" or "season". Together, the word
"zemestan" means "cold season" or "winter season".
تسا یدرس لصف ناتسمز. Zemeston fasle sardist. (Winter is a cold season.)
تسا یناتسمز اوه. Havo zemestonist. (The weather is winter.)
2. Phonetic adaptation: words borrowed from Persian are adapted to the phonetic rules of
the Uzbek language.
Although this word is pronounced as "zemeston" in Persian, it sometimes undergoes
sound changes when adapted to other languages. For example:
• In Uzbek it is translated as "zimistan" or "winter".
•
In Turkic languages, the form "zemestan" is less common, but the meaning is preserved
The word "zemeston" is traditionally used in Persian to denote winter and cold weather. Its
ancient origins and multifaceted meanings indicate that this word has a rich heritage from a
linguistic and cultural point of view. As Persian scientific terms are assimilated into Uzbek,
their semantic scope expands or narrows. For example, the word hikmat has a broader meaning
in Persian and denotes general wisdom, while in Uzbek this word is used mainly in a
philosophical and educational sense. Also, the word davo, while retaining its original meaning,
has adapted to modern medical terminology.
Today, scientific terms of Persian origin have not lost their meaning. They not only
represent historical and cultural heritage, but are also actively used in scientific texts and
textbooks. In particular, these words are widely used in university-level educational literature
and scientific works.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1438
Conclusion
Scientific terms that entered the Uzbek lexicon from the Persian language occupy an
important place in the Uzbek lexicon, and they are a product of centuries-old cultural and
scientific ties between the Persian and Uzbek languages. Terms such as philosophy, chemistry,
mathematics, wisdom not only enriched the scientific base of the Uzbek language, but also
expanded the scope of cultural and conceptual thinking. Phonetic and semantic adaptation of
these words in the Uzbek language reveals their unique features in the process of assimilation.
These terms are still widely used in scientific texts and textbooks today and retain their
meaning. The study of Persian terms is of great importance in linguistics not only for preserving
historical memory, but also for highlighting cultural and scientific progress.
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