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ON WORD FORMATION IN THE OGUZ DIALECTS OF THE
SAMARKAND REGION
Rakhmonov Salokhiddin Mingboevich
Lecturer of the University of Economics and Pedagogy,
Samarkand campus
Abstract:
This article provides information on word formation in the Oguz dialects of the
Samarkand region. According to it, various methods of word formation, named words of
various semantic themes found in the speech of representatives of the Iranian Oguz dialect,
Turkmen and Chandyroguz dialects are given.
Keywords:
dictionary, dialect, speech, named words, compound words, Oguz dialect, folk oral
creativity.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada Samarqand viloyati o‘g‘uz shevalarida so‘z yasalishiga oid
ma’lumotlar beriladi. Unga ko‘ra so‘z yasalishining turli usullari eroniy o‘g‘uz shevasi vakillari
turkman, chandir o‘g‘uz shevalari vakillarining nutqida uchraydigan turli semantik mavzudagi
yasama so‘zlar keltiriladi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
lug‘at, sheva, lahja, yasama so‘zlar, qo‘shma so‘zlar, o‘g‘uz shevasi, xalq
og‘zaki ijodi.
Аннотация:
В данной статье дается информация о словообразовании в огузских
диалектах Самаркандской области. Согласно ей, приводятся различные способы
словообразования,
именованные
слова
различной
семантической
тематики,
встречающиеся в речи представителей иранского огузского диалекта, туркменского и
чандырогузского диалектов.
Ключевые слова:
словарь, диалект, говор, именованные слова, сложные слова, огузский
диалект, народное устное творчество.
It is known that in linguistics, the growth of the vocabulary of a language is enriched as a result
of the adoption of words based on internal and external sources. This situation has been
scientifically studied as a separate topic in linguistics, and the types of word formation in the
sequence have been analyzed in synchronous and diachronic aspects. In fact, word formation in
folk ingenuity also has its place in linguistics, which is an independent science within
linguistics. Word formation in dialects is formed on the basis of folk oral communication. Just
as words in our language are accepted as products of internal sources, coined words are also
accepted with the same refinement.
In this article, we aimed to analyze materials on word formation in the Oghuz dialects of the
Samarkand region. There are various methods of word formation in the language, the most
active of which are word formation by adding suffixes to words and compound words formed
by combining two or more words. Word formation in folk dialects is expressed in the
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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framework of linguistics in combination with oral creativity. If the attractiveness of words
created in the literary language is given scientifically, then word formation in dialects is largely
built on various minor topics related to the lifestyle of the people. At this point, it is worth
noting that dialects that have resonated since ancient times are closely connected with historical
word formation. We will analyze some coined words that have arisen in the dialogue of the
Oghuz dialects of the Samarkand region, without using the diachronic option in the analysis.
We collected the sources from the Iranians of Samarkand city who speak the Oghuz dialect and
partly from the dialects of the Oghuz group living in the neighboring Turkmen neighborhood
around the Kimyogarlar Kurgan in Samarkand region and the Hilal neighborhood of Samarkand
city. The topics of word formation are related to various topics in life, such as names of dishes,
wedding ceremonies, kinship, and many other topics related to life. Their formation was formed
on the basis of the mixture of original Turkic words with other borrowed words in social
situations. There are quite a few of them, and most of them have been refined in linguistics and
have found their place in dictionaries. We will dwell on some such coined words.
For example, the word "qardosh" is used in the Iranian dialect, and its component part is made
up of a base and a forming suffix. This word is analyzed in two ways in the dialect: the first is
used as a word for brothers and sisters who are children of the same mother or clan, the second
is used as a synonym for the word "qandosh" and is actively used among the Oghuz-speaking
population.
There are also words that have the same meaning, but are formed differently: they are formed
based on pairing, in the dialect of Samarkand Iranians isti- bisti -turgan bitgani, in the dialect of
Samarkand Turkmens turan -biteni in several variants, duran- durushi and in other cases. The
formation of the name of the same dish: moshshovla - a thick or liquid dish made from mash. In
the Iranian dialect, moshichiri is used in the same way, and in the other two Oghuz dialects
above, it is also used in the form of moshova or short kichiri. In addition, there are such things
that belong to the same type that are used interchangeably. For example, a plant, which is a
made-up word in the Iranian dialect, is used by the people as two different things: nozbo'y, that
is, noz- delicate, pleasant, and boy- smell, in reference to its fellow plant, basil.
For example, the Iranians of Samarkand have names for dishes based on such invented words
that are not found in other Oghuz dialects: boroni - a type of dish consisting of greens fried in
oil, lublo shurak - beans and corn boiled with salt, hulba shula - shavla cooked with hilba, jig'-
jig' halbo - fried, slimy halva with oil oozing out, chorma fatir - fatir bread cooked with finely
chopped kadi (pumpkin), boyinjon murobbo - a walnut-based baklajan jam cooked with sugar
and pepper, tomato jam - a jam cooked with special thick-skinned tomatoes, and others. The
formation of words for the names of some animals also varies, for example: lizard - the
artificial word animal is used in many Oghuz dialects with their own sound changes as
geltekesek, gesreti, while in Iranians it is used as piskalpasta and is used as a joke in insults
against people. Asalzombir - bee is used in other Turkmen Oghuz dialects as aselari or the
second part is used as ori.
If we pay attention to the names of clothes, ceremonial clothes and jewelry, there is a difference
in the Iranian Oghuz dialect: nuqra po‘pak - a silver jewelry worn with a long thread on the
braided hair of brides, which makes a clicking sound when walking, gupponcha - a cotton
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nimcha - this word, taken from the meaning of the thickness and warmth of the cotton inside, is
used in the above Oghuz dialects as nimche. Kaltacha - a long outer garment worn by women
during mourning ceremonies with beautifully decorated edges, is used in other Turkmen Oghuz
dialects as keltecha and is considered the same thing as the above nimche. In Iranians, bazak
korpacha - decorated, kurak korpacha is used in other Oghuz dialects as kurak gorpe.
Words coined on the subject of ceremonies: in Iranians, güncha sürmoq – a ceremony of
sending wedding dresses from the bride to the groom on the wedding day or a couple of days
before the wedding. qolba-kül, dastba-das – a ceremony of introducing the bride and groom to
each other in a mirror on the wedding night, hinobandon – a wedding ceremony held on the
girl’s side (in the recent past), pushtaboshi – a ceremony in which women close to the deceased
gather to visit the grave of the deceased on the second Friday after the death of a person.
Customs: gug girmoq (wearing blue) - after a person dies, a close female relative wears a blue
dress until the anniversary ceremony is celebrated, which is similar to guk girmoq or a person
wearing black in other Oghuz dialects, and kirkha otyrmoq (sitting forty) - after a person dies, a
close female relative wears a blue dress until the anniversary ceremony is celebrated.
The following are examples of the few words created on the basis of special folk creativity that
are found in the dialect of the Oghuz of Samarkand Turkmen and are not found in other Oghuz
dialects: In the Samarkand Turkmen rural Urgenji dialect, the word "kuchajora" means "street"
- "sweat", in the dialect of the Khydireli and Urgenji neighborhoods, the word "shapatpul"
means "big money", which is a dialect word formed in relation to money in our country, which
was devalued in its time, that is, it means "slap someone's face". Gartak - "a little", although this
word appears as a simple word in its structure, is considered a made-up word in terms of
structure, that is, the part of the thing is gard and the suffix -ak in the second part corresponds to
the suffix -gina. The scope of this word is twofold: in Urgench and Khydireli Turkmen, the
Khydireli Turkmen use it as gartak, while the Urgench people use it as gitek.
In addition, this word is also actively used in other Uzbek dialects: for example, in the Kipchak
dialect it is found in the form of girtak, and in other Karluk dialects we have witnessed its use in
the form of jindey, gitek. Kurtikkhamir khalil (zog'ara is made from flour) is a word derived
from the quality of flour and a specific feature of the food in its consumption, that is, it consists
of the base kurt and the suffix -ik. In conclusion, we can say that if we briefly consider the topic
of word formation in folk dialects based on grammatical concepts in the field of word formation
in linguistics, although word formation using suffixes is considered active in the language,
compound words in folk dialects are considered active in relation to other word formation
methods. Despite the fact that most of these coined words have been refined in our literary
language and have found their expression in dictionaries, some of them, the sphere of national
creativity, have not yet been included in dictionaries, which in turn indicates that there are
many pressing issues in our linguistics in the study of dialects.
Literature:
1. Решетов В. В., Шоабдураҳмонов Ш. Ўзбек диалектологияси. -Т.: Ўқитувчи¸ 1978.
2. Абдуллаев Ф. Ўзбек тилининг ўғуз лаҳжаси. –Т.: Фан¸ 1978; Ўзбек тилининг Хоразм
шевалари. –Т.: Фан¸ 1964.
3. Жуманазаров Ю. Ҳазорасп шевасининг морфологик хусусиятлар. –Т.: Фанё 1961.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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4. Ишаев А. Қорақалпоғистондаги ўзбек шевалари. –Т.: Фанё 1977.
5. Аҳмедов А. Ўзбек адабий тили тарихида ўғуз унсур ва кўринишларининг қўлланиши:
Филол. фан. ном. ... дис. автореф. –Самарқанд: СамДУ, 2006. -26 б.
