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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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THE HISTORY OF COOPERATION BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND THE PEOPLE’S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Eshpolatova Maqsuda Baxtiyor qizi
Student of the University of Information Technologies and Management
Annotation:
This article analyzes the historical development of political, economic, cultural,
and humanitarian relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People’s Republic of
China. It presents an overview of the cooperation process from the establishment of diplomatic
relations to the present day, highlighting high-level visits, collaboration within international
organizations, and joint investment projects. Special attention is given to projects within the
framework of the “Belt and Road Initiative,” as well as cooperation prospects in transport,
energy, and industrial sectors.
Keywords:
Uzbekistan, People’s Republic of China, diplomatic relations, strategic partnership,
Belt and Road Initiative, investment, trade, energy, transport, SCO, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Xi
Jinping.
Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People’s Republic of
China were established on January 2, 1992. Since then, relations between the two countries
have steadily developed and reached the level of strategic partnership.
While bilateral cooperation in the late 1990s was mainly limited to economic and political
dialogue, since the 2000s it has expanded significantly into fields such as energy, transportation,
infrastructure, science and technology, military-technical cooperation, and culture.
China has become one of Uzbekistan’s main foreign trade partners. The number of joint
industrial enterprises, investment projects, and collaborations in high-tech sectors has grown.
The proposed China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway project plays an important role in
regional logistics.
Within the framework of the “Belt and Road Initiative”, launched by Chinese President
Xi Jinping in 2013, Uzbekistan has actively participated in implementing joint projects in
transportation and infrastructure. Major projects include the Angren–Pop railway line, the
Kamchik tunnel, and logistics centers.
Cooperation within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and both countries’
shared approaches to regional security and counterterrorism, have further strengthened bilateral
relations. High-level meetings between President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and President Xi Jinping
have elevated bilateral relations to a new stage. Since 2017, numerous trade and investment
agreements worth billions of dollars have been signed during official visits
The First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, once stated: “We want
to establish good and equal relations with China. We aim to achieve harmony with our great
neighbor. We are willing to study and adopt its valuable experience. A new chapter has been
opened in the history of our mutual relations with China. A solid foundation has been laid for
further developing mutually beneficial ties with this great country.”.
1
ЎзМА, Ф-М 37, 1-рўйҳат, 6454-йиғма жилд, Б.62.
2
Каримов И.А. Ўзбекистоннинг ўз исти
қ
лол ва тара
ққ
иёт йўли. Т.: “Ўзбекистон”,
1992. Б.165.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1878
In November 1998, at the invitation of the Ministry of Education of China, a delegation
from the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of Uzbekistan paid an
official visit to China. In 1999, an agreement was signed between the Tashkent State Institute of
Oriental Studies and Tianjin Polytechnic University of China to establish a joint educational
venture.
The “Chinese Language Center” is successfully operating at the Uzbek State World
Languages University, playing an important role in promoting Chinese language studies in
Uzbekistan. In 1998, a cooperation agreement was also signed between Tashkent State
Technical University and Beijing University of Science and Technology of China. Under this
agreement, faculty exchanges, postgraduate training, and joint scientific research programs
have been established
.
The fifth session of the Uzbekistan–China Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and
Economic Cooperation, held on February 13, 2003, played a significant role in expanding trade
and economic relations between the two countries. During the session, negotiations were held
regarding the sale of IL-76 military transport aircraft manufactured in Beijing in February 2003.
The Chinese side also expressed its interest in cooperating in the fields of gas and oil extraction,
indicating a willingness to strengthen partnership in the energy sector
During his official visit to the People’s Republic of China in 2005, the First President of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, stated: “Uzbekistan–China relations have entered a
new stage of development, and the Interstate Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and
Partnership signed during this visit serves as a solid foundation for advancing strategic
partnership relations.”
To date, Uzbekistan–China relations have developed rapidly and reached a high stage of
advancement. At the invitation of President Xi Jinping of the People’s Republic of China, the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, paid a state visit to China from
May 11 to 15, 2017.
Uzbekistan–China cooperation has become broad and multifaceted, with strategic
partnership relations elevated to a high level. These relations contribute to the national interests,
socio-economic development, and growing global influence of both countries. This dynamic
partnership is evolving on the foundation of mutual trust and enduring friendship, initially laid
by Uzbekistan’s First President, Islam Karimov.
Expressing his respect for China’s interest in Uzbekistan’s ancient history and culture,
President Mirziyoyev stated: “We are pleased by your visit to Bukhara in 2016 and the great
interest you showed in the rich cultural heritage left by our ancestors. Uzbekistan views China
as a country with an ancient history, unique culture, and immense potential—one of the leaders
of the global economy that is moving forward with firm determination toward its goals.”
.
China is one of the largest investors in Uzbekistan’s economy. More than 700 companies
and enterprises with Chinese capital are currently operating in the country. Over the past years,
Chinese investors have contributed approximately $7.8 billion in investments to Uzbekistan’s
3
ЎзМА, Ф-М 37, 1-рўйҳат, 6454-йиғма жилд, Б.63.
4
Қирғизбоев А. “Ўзбекистон Республикасининг Осиё мамлакатлари билан халқаро ҳамкорлиги” Т. Фан
нашриёти. 2004. Б.156.
5
Каримов И.А. “Ўзбек хал
қ
и
ҳ
еч
қ
ачон
ҳ
еч кимга
қ
арам бўлматди” Т.Ўзбекистон
нашриёти. 2005-йил. 13-жилд.Б.420.
6
“Халқ сўзи” газетаси. 2017-йил 16-май.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1879
economy. On May 14–15, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev took
part in the “Belt and Road” International Forum held in Beijing, the capital of the People's
Republic of China. During the forum, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed several priority
areas for cooperation, emphasizing the following key task: First, he suggested enriching the
Belt and Road Initiative with specific programs and projects aimed at fostering regional
development
.
Secondly, President Mirziyoyev proposed the development of a Comprehensive Program
of Joint Actions to establish transport and logistics corridors that would connect Central Asia
with countries in South and Southeast Asia, as well as Europe, via China and Russia.
On April 7, 2019, the Second Belt and Road International Forum was held in Beijing,
People's Republic of China. At the forum, Uzbekistan presented several initiatives, including:
The creation of a joint agro-innovation center aimed at introducing cutting-edge technologies
and advanced solutions for the development of the green economy and smart agriculture, as
well as enhancing food security; The proposal to establish a UN Trust Fund for the Aral Sea
region; The initiation of a project to create a zone of environmental innovations and
technologies in the Aral Sea area
.
On May 7, 2020, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, held a
telephone conversation with the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping.
During the call, both leaders agreed to continue active exchanges between the healthcare and
sanitary-epidemiological control agencies of the two countries, particularly in the context of
combating global health challenges
At the invitation of President Xi Jinping of the People’s Republic of China, the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, delivered a video address on November 4,
2020, to the participants of the opening ceremony of the 3rd China International Import Expo
(CIIE – 2020) held in Shanghai
In conclusion, it can be stated that Uzbekistan–China relations are rapidly developing.
This progress is significantly influenced by high-level meetings between the leaders of both
countries and the thousands-year-old historical ties between their peoples. Today, China ranks
second globally in economic power, after the United States. At the same time, China highly
values Uzbekistan’s role and significance in the revival and implementation of the Great Silk
Road.
On the international political stage, Uzbekistan and China support each other as strategic
partners. In the context of the comprehensive development of Central Asian countries,
including the Republic of Uzbekistan, and their increasing recognition in the global community,
cooperation with major powers like China is of great importance. In this regard, both countries
are actively expanding mutual cooperation in socio-political and economic spheres,
strengthening their strategic partnership for long-term mutual benefit.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1880
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