INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2182
THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND SEMANTIC LAYERS OF DIDACTIC VERSE IN
“DIVANU LUGATI-T-TURK” AND “KUTADGU BILIG”
Rakhmatova Gavkhar
Head of the Department of Oriental Languages,
Oriental University, PhD, Associate Professor
The Turkish literature has always been an important part of the ethical, moral and didactic
principle. During the X-XII centuries, interest in this subject has been intensified. The bright
evidence of this is the didactic poems of Mahmud Koshgari’s “Divani lugati-t-turk” and Yusuf
Hos Hojiib’s “Qutadgu bilig”. In the quatrains, Yusuf Hos Hojib uses the didactic ideas of oral
folklore.
The ideas in the “Divani lugati-t-turk” and “Qutadgu bilig” are devoted to describing
people’s high quality, condemning their shortcomings. In them merciless, greedy, materialistic
people, arrogancy cruelty and violence as well have been criticised.
Knowledge in Turkish poetry is known as valuable. Most of the didactic poems in both
of these papers encourage people to study science. For example:
In “Divani lugati-t-turk”:
Alğïl ögüt mendin, oğul erdäm tilä,
Boyda uluğ
bilgä bolub, bilgiŋ ula
(DLT.I.85)
In this section, young people are encouraged to learn and share it with others.
The advice of Yusuf Hos Hojib is as follows:
Bilig, erdäm ögrän
ağïr tut anï,
Ağïr qïlğay ol erdäm senï.
Bilig bil
, uquš uq, yorïma yava,
Öδi kelsä berür ol küni (QB.474)
.
Among the people of the Turkic nations, those who have experienced life have been
exhorting the youth to serve as adults. As it is mentioned above from the “Divani lugati-t-turk”
and “Qutadgu bilig” quotes for young people not to waste time, but get knowledge and skills.
When we look at the didactic poems in the “Divani lugati-t-turk” and “Qutadgu bilig”, we
see that patience and perseverance are one of the main features of the Turkic people..
In “Divani lugati-t-turk”:
Kelsä qalï qatïğlïq,
Ertär teyü seriŋil.
Özlük ïšïn bilip tur,
In “Qutadgu bilig”:
1
DLT – Маҳмуд Кошғарий. Туркий сўзлар девони (Девони луғотит турк), III томлик. I, III том. Таржимон ва
нашрга тайёрловчи С.М. Муталлибов. – Тошкент, 1960, 1963 .
2
QB – Юсуф Хос Ҳожиб. Қутадғу билиг. Нашрга тайёрловчи: Қ. Каримов. – Тошкент, 1971.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2183
Ey ne’mat iδisi šukur qïl, yegil,
Ey mehnat iδisi, sabur qïl, egil.
Sabur qïlsa mehnat bolur ne’matïŋ,
Šukur qïlsa ne’matqa artar tegil
.
The above didactic poems are essentially the same. They talk about the importance of
patience. That is if a person is concerned about this life test, he will be tempted to be patient.
There are many examples of Turkic peoples’ oral poetry about the benefits of collecting
and treating property, as well as the benefits of pursuing and promoting knowledge. In
particular, note the following poems.
In “Divani lugati-t-turk”:
Yağï erur yalïŋuqïŋ näŋï tawar,
Bilig eri yağïsïn nelig sewär (DLT.III.395).
The word “Divani lugati-t-turk” states that a clever person never regards the wealth he
has accumulated. Wealth is an enemy to him. The enemy can not be loved. The true meaning of
this statement is that it is unreasonable to love and entertain worldly possessions
In the verse of “Qutadgu bilig” it is expressed as follows:
Quvanma qïvï qutqa qutluğ kiši,
Osanma özün qutqa atlïğ kiši (QB.154).
Yusuf Hos Hojib compares the wealth to the moon. For that he gives Turkic folklore
proverbs. That is, do not go to the state, it will be full and will destroy you one day. It is not
stable. The state is a temporary thing. And the profession is eternal. It will be at his service until
the end of his life.
In both plays it is noted that only statehood ones can rule the people.
In “Divani lugati-t-turk”:
Tawar kimiŋ ökülsä,
Beglik aŋar kerkäyür,
Tawarsïzïn qalïb beg,
Eränsizin emgäyür (DLT.I.343).
When wealth is given to intelligent people, it is considered as a blessing:
Biligsizgä davlat yarašsa kelib,
Biligligkä artuq yarašur tegib.
Biligsiz bilä tursa davlat qalï,
Biliglig bila turğa teŋ-tüš körip (QB.296).
3
Тўхлиев Б, Сидиқов Қ, Иботов С. Қутадғу билиг. – Тошкент, 2010. – Б. 12.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2184
Yusuf Hos Hojib does not deny the fact that the state can be given to the ignorant. But he
emphasizes that he will be more virtuous and purposeful when given to the minded.
In Turkish poetry tactful, polite, and warm-hearted relationships are highly valued.
Because these qualities are a pillar of morality. Ethics constitutes are the basics of society.
Similar poems can also be found in “Divani lugati-t-turk” and “Qutadgu bilig”.
Külsä kiši yüziŋä,
Körklüg yüzin körüngil.
Yawlaq köδäz tїlїŋnї,
Eδgü sawїğ tilängil (DLT.III.50).
Among the Turkic peoples, special attention is paid to the open-minded and kind nature.
One needs to be tactful and open-minded when it comes to delivering a person's mind and
appraising his work:
Tu etmäk yetürgil kišikä külä,
Yüzüŋni yaruq tut süčig söz bilä.
Kišig qul qïlïğlï bu ekki qïlïnč,
Adïn bulmadïm men, bulunsa tilä (QB.632).
“Divani lugati-t-turk” and “Qutadgu bilig” are one of the fundamental sources of the
richness and of the didactic poetry of Turkic peoples. After all, the poetry fragments in the play
have been exhausted by their ideological and artistic aspects, as well as the contemporary issues
of today.
In summary, Yusuf Hos Hojib used his didactic ideas in the oral tradition of the Turkic
nations and artistic development.
List of sources used:
1. Маҳмуд Кошғарий. Туркий сўзлар девони (Девони луғотит турк), III томлик. I том.
Таржимон ва нашрга тайёрловчи: С.М.Муталлибов. – T., 1960.
2. Маҳмуд Кошғарий. Туркий сўзлар девони (Девони луғотит турк), III томлик. II том.
Таржимон ва нашрга тайёрловчи: С.М. Муталлибов. – Т., 1963 .
3.
Rahmatova, G. (2021). The genre of odes in the oral work of the turkic peoples and its
genesis. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(8), 194-
196.
4. Тўхлиев Б, Сидиқов Қ, Иботов С. Қутадғу билиг. – Т., 2010.
5. Юсуф Хос Ҳожиб. Қутадғу билиг. Нашрга тайёрловчи Қ. Каримов. Т., 1971.
6. Сотволдиев, С. (2024). Редактирование переводов из арабской прессы: проблемы и
решения. Conference Proceedings: Fostering Your Research Spirit, 553-556.
7. Govkhar Rakhmatova, (2023). SIMPLE SENTENCE AND ITS EXPRESSION IN
ANCIENT TURKIC LANGUAGE. CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 4(05), 27–32.
