Authors

  • Shahlo Sultonova

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.ijai.122423

Abstract

This article studies the natural minerals of the elements belonging to the alkali metal group, as well as their physical and chemical properties. Alkali metals are characterized by their high reactivity, softness and low density. The article analyzes minerals containing alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, their industrial importance, as well as chemical reactions and physical parameters. This study is aimed at developing a deeper understanding of alkali metals and developing their effective use

 

 

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 2272

NATURAL MINERALS OF ALKALI METALS, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES

Sultonova Shahlo Qaxramon qizi

Teacher of the Academic Lyceum of the Tashkent Medical Academy

Urgench Branch.

Annotation

:This article studies the natural minerals of the elements belonging to the alkali

metal group, as well as their physical and chemical properties. Alkali metals are characterized

by their high reactivity, softness and low density. The article analyzes minerals containing

alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, their industrial importance, as well as

chemical reactions and physical parameters. This study is aimed at developing a deeper

understanding of alkali metals and developing their effective use

Keywords

• Alkali metals
• Natural minerals
• Lithium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Physical properties
• Chemical reactivity
• Hydrolysis

Introduction:

Alkali metals are elements of group I of the periodic table of chemical elements,

located after hydrogen and characterized by high reactivity. Their natural minerals and

properties play an important role in the chemical, industrial, and energy sectors. This article

provides general information about the natural minerals of alkali metals, as well as their

physical and chemical properties.
Natural minerals of alkali metals
Alkali metals include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs),

and francium (Fr). Their natural minerals include:
• Lithium minerals: Spodumene (LiAl(SiO₃)₂), lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂),

amblygonite.


background image

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 2273

• Sodium minerals: Sodium chloride (NaCl, salt), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), sodium carbonate

(Na₂CO₃).
• Potassium minerals: Kalitalkallite (KAlSi₃O₈), sylvinite (KCl), carnallite (KMgCl₃·6H₂O).
• Rubidium and Cesium minerals: Very rare, sometimes found in polluxite and lepidolite.
• Francium: Very rare and not found in natural form.
Physical properties of alkali metals
• Metallic appearance: Alkali metals have a shiny silvery metallic appearance.
• Lightness: These metals are among the lightest metals, with low densities (e.g., lithium has a

density of 0.53 g/cm³).
• Softness: Alkali metals are very soft, and can be cut with a knife.
• Sharp temperatures: Their melting and boiling points are low, indicating that their atomic

bonds are relatively weak.
• Electrical and thermal conductivity: Highly conductive of electricity and heat.
Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals
• Reactivity: Alkali metals are very reactive and react rapidly with oxygen and water.
• Hydrogenation: They release hydrogen gas when reacted with water and form hydroxides

such as:
2Na+2H2O→2NaOH+H2↑2Na

+

2H_2O

\rightarrow

2NaOH

+

H_2

\uparrow2Na+2H2O→2NaOH+H2↑
• Reaction with acids: They react rapidly with acids and form the corresponding alkaline salts.
• Chemical activity: Reactivity decreases from top to bottom in the table (from lithium to

francium).
• Bonding properties: They usually have a +1 valence state, and are widely used as bonding

metals.
Summary Alkali metals are characterized by their high reactivity, lightness, and softness. Their

natural minerals are mainly found in nature and are important raw materials for industry. Their

physical and chemical properties allow them to be widely used in the chemical industry,

especially in the preparation of hydroxide and alkaline solutions. The study of these metals and

their effective use is important in the development of new technologies in the future.

References:

1. Karimov, O. T. (2020). General chemistry: basics and practice. Tashkent: Science and

Technology.


background image

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23

American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025

Journal:

https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai

page 2274

2. Tursunov, A. M. (2019). Natural minerals of chemical elements in chemistry. Tashkent:

National University of Uzbekistan Publishing House.
3. Sultonova, M. R. (2021). Alkali metals and their importance in industry. Chemistry and

Technology, 9(3), 45-50.
4. Greenwood, N. N., & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements. Butterworth-

Heinemann.
5. Shamsiev, B. K. (2018). Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry. Tashkent: Kimyo-nashr.
6. Labster. (2023). Virtual Chemistry Labs. https://www.labster.com/chemistry-labs

References

Karimov, O. T. (2020). General chemistry: basics and practice. Tashkent: Science and Technology.

Tursunov, A. M. (2019). Natural minerals of chemical elements in chemistry. Tashkent: National University of Uzbekistan Publishing House.

Sultonova, M. R. (2021). Alkali metals and their importance in industry. Chemistry and Technology, 9(3), 45-50.

Greenwood, N. N., & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Shamsiev, B. K. (2018). Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry. Tashkent: Kimyo-nashr.

Labster. (2023). Virtual Chemistry Labs. https://www.labster.com/chemistry-labs