INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 75
AIR POLLUTION IN THE CITY OF FERGANA DURING 1995–2010
AND ITS ANALYSIS
Toshturdiyev Nurbek Nurali ugli
National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Faculty of Physics, Department of Hydrometeorology
3
rd
year student
Phone: +998 88 910 42 46
Email:
nurbektoshturdiyev86@gmail.com
Abstract:
This article provides a scientific-analytical overview of the state of air pollution in
the city of Fergana from 1995 to 2010. It analyzes the levels and trends of major air pollutants
over time, with a focus on suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon
monoxide, ammonia, and other harmful components. The impact of industrial enterprises,
transportation, and other anthropogenic factors on air quality is discussed. The study also
examines the potential health effects on the population and evaluates environmental risks.
Additionally, the article offers recommendations and measures for air protection and pollution
reduction.
Keywords:
air pollution, industrial emissions, Fergana city, environmental risk, public health,
suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, 1995–2010.
Today, among the various environmental issues, air pollution is considered one of the
most pressing global problems. In areas with high population density and rapid industrial
development, this issue becomes even more acute. The Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan,
particularly the city of Fergana, is among the regions where the level of ecological risk
continues to rise due to the increase in industrial enterprises, the number of vehicles, and
population growth. Especially during the period from 1995 to 2010, the volume of harmful
substances emitted into the atmosphere significantly increased as a result of economic reforms,
the expansion of industrial production, the growth in the number of automobiles, and the
development of infrastructure.
Air pollution negatively affects human health, environmental sustainability, and the
natural balance of ecosystems. Based on monitoring data conducted in Fergana city, it has been
revealed that the concentrations of suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon
monoxide, ammonia, and other chemical substances in the air have exceeded permissible levels,
contributing to the spread of various chronic diseases.
This article scientifically and analytically examines the quantity of key pollutants in the
atmosphere of Fergana city during the years 1995–2010, their sources, dynamic changes, and
their impact on public health. Additionally, the article presents proposals and recommendations
aimed at preventing existing issues and reducing ecological risks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 76
Air pollution remains one of the most urgent ecological concerns today. In large cities
with dense populations, particularly in areas where industrial enterprises operate, the increase in
the concentration of harmful substances in the air poses a serious threat to human health.
Fergana city—being one of the major industrial and transport hubs of the Fergana Valley—
holds significant scientific and practical relevance for studying air pollution levels. Based on
monitoring results from 1995 to 2010, this study analyzes the changes in concentrations of
major air pollutants—suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide,
nitrogen oxide, phenol, and ammonia. Using the average annual concentrations recorded during
these years, the study evaluates air quality indicators and identifies probable causes of changes
observed in specific years.
Table 1
Air Pollution in Fergana City During 1995–2010 (Average Concentrations in mg/m³)
No
.
Year
s
Suspen-
ded
Particle
s
(mg/m³)
Sulfur
Dioxid
e
(mg/m³
)
Carbon
Monoxid
e
(mg/m³)
Nitroge
n
Dioxide
(mg/m³
)
Nitric
Oxide
(mg/m³
)
Phenol
(mg/m³
)
Am-
monia
(mg/
m³)
1
1995 0.1
0.019
2
0.04
0.03
0.003
0.06
2
1996 0.2
0.013
2
0.05
0.04
0.003
0.06
3
1997 0.2
0.015
1
0.06
0.05
0.003
0.06
4
1998 0.2
0.012
1
0.05
0.03
0.004
0.03
5
1999 0.2
0.012
1
0.05
0.02
0.004
0.03
6
2000 0.2
0.017
1
0.06
0.02
0.004
0.03
7
2001 0.1
0.023
1
0.04
0.01
0.005
0.06
8
2002 0.1
0.018
2
0.04
0.01
0.004
0.06
9
2003 0.1
0.014
1
0.05
0.01
0.003
0.05
10 2004 0.1
0.022
2
0.04
0.01
0.003
0.04
11 2005 0.1
0.022
2
0.04
0.01
0.003
0.05
12 2006 0.1
0.021
2
0.05
0.01
0.003
0.03
13 2007 0.1
0.014
1
0.04
0.01
0.004
0.04
14 2008 0.1
0.018
2
0.04
0.01
0.003
0.05
15 2009 0.1
0.016
1
0.04
0.01
0.003
0.04
16 2010 0.1
0.017
2
0.04
0.01
0.003
0.05
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 77
The results of the analysis show that during the years 1995–2010, the level of air
pollution in Fergana city remained relatively stable, although some fluctuations in the
concentration of certain pollutants were observed in specific years.
The concentration of suspended particles was 0.1 mg/m³ in 1995 and increased to 0.2
mg/m³ in 1996. This indicator remained relatively high until 2001 but then stabilized at around
0.1 mg/m³ in the following years. This may indicate a reduction in dust sources within the city.
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) levels varied significantly between 1995 and 2000, ranging from
0.012 to 0.023 mg/m³. Although it peaked in 2001 at 0.023 mg/m³, a slight decline followed in
subsequent years. The high concentration of this pollutant could be linked to the poor quality of
fuel products or increased industrial activity.
Carbon monoxide (CO) levels fluctuated between 1 and 2 mg/m³ from 1995 to 2010. In
some years (e.g., 1995, 1996, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2010), the concentration
reached 2 mg/m³, likely due to the rising number of vehicles and increased fuel combustion.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations did not change significantly over the years,
generally ranging between 0.04 and 0.06 mg/m³. This compound mainly originates from motor
vehicles and industrial fuel combustion systems.
Nitric oxide (NO) was recorded at 0.03 mg/m³ in 1995 and increased to 0.05 mg/m³ in
1997, but in the following years, it gradually stabilized at around 0.01 mg/m³. The decrease
may be attributed to enhanced environmental regulations or technological upgrades in industrial
processes.
Phenol concentrations remained low (0.003–0.005 mg/m³) over the years, which is
directly associated with the operations of industrial enterprises and proper waste management
practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 78
Ammonia (NH₃) was measured at 0.06 mg/m³ in 1995–1997 and ranged between 0.03
and 0.06 mg/m³ during 1998–2010. This suggests the influence of agricultural activities,
fertilizer use, or the chemical industry.
In conclusion, the data analysis for 1995–2010 indicates that the concentrations of key
harmful substances—suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide,
nitric oxide, phenol, and ammonia—remained relatively stable in the air of Fergana city.
Occasional increases or decreases were observed in certain years. Notably, carbon monoxide
and nitric oxide concentrations were higher in some years, which can be explained by vehicle
emissions and fuel combustion. Additionally, phenol and ammonia levels, though within
permissible limits, were affected by the operations of industrial and chemical enterprises.
These findings highlight the necessity of continuous air quality monitoring in Fergana
city, reduction of harmful emissions from vehicles, and the implementation of purification
technologies in industrial sectors. Furthermore, improving public environmental awareness,
expanding green spaces, and adopting sustainable environmental policies are essential to reduce
air pollution levels.
References:
1. Annual reports of the Center of Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan
(UzHydromet), 1995–2010.
2. “Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air in the Republic of Uzbekistan.” – Tashkent:
Adolat, 1996.
3. Алимов А.А., Файзиев Ш.Ш. “Экологик хавфсизлик ва атроф-муҳитни муҳофаза
қилиш.” – Тошкент: Фан, 2005.
4. Tursunov A.T. “Atmosfera havosining ifloslanishi va uning inson salomatligiga ta’siri.” –
Samarqand: Ilm ziyo, 2008.
5. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), “Urban Air Pollution in Asia and the
Pacific.” – 2001.
6. World Health Organization (WHO), “Ambient air pollution: Health impacts.” – Geneva,
2006.
