INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07, 2025
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 677
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUGS AFFECTING LIVER FUNCTION
Qodirova Shakhlo Muzafarovna
Lecturer of Specialized Subjects, Avicenna Public Health Technical School
Shodmonova Manzura Faxriddin qizi
Student of the Avicenna Public Health Technical School
Abstract:
This article explores the pharmacological, clinical, and practical characteristics of
medications that affect liver function. It analyzes the hepatotoxic potential of various drugs, the
criteria for selecting pharmaceuticals in patients with liver diseases, and approaches to combined
therapy using hepatoprotective agents. Scientifically grounded data based on hygienic, clinical,
and pharmacological indicators are presented with examples of medications widely used in
medical practice in Uzbekistan.
Key words:
liver, pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity, pharmaceutical agents, hepatoprotectors,
metabolism, detoxification.
The liver is the div’s main organ for metabolism and detoxification. It is involved in the
biochemical transformation of numerous substances, including pharmaceuticals. The liver
performs critical functions such as neutralizing toxic compounds, bile production, regulating
carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, and synthesizing enzymes that degrade hormones and
medications. Among the factors that impair liver function, drugs play a significant role. Therefore,
liver status must be carefully considered when prescribing medications.
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs Affecting the Liver. Drugs often enter the liver through the
portal system after oral administration. During this “first-pass effect,” the liver metabolizes drugs
through biotransformation, often significantly reducing or altering their activity. Liver metabolism
generally proceeds through two phases: in the first phase, cytochrome P450 enzymes mediate
oxidation, hydroxylation, and dealkylation. In the second phase, conjugation reactions like
glucuronidation and sulfation convert substances into water-soluble forms for elimination via bile
or urine.
Causes of Hepatotoxicity. Drugs can harm the liver through several mechanisms. One such
mechanism is idiosyncratic reactions, which are unpredictable and vary individually. Another is
dose-dependent toxicity, where excessive doses cause liver damage. Additionally, certain drugs
may activate or inhibit hepatic enzymes, leading to interactions that heighten overall toxicity.
Common Hepatotoxic Drugs in Clinical Practice. Numerous drugs used in clinical practice can
impair liver function. For instance:
-Paracetamol, in high doses, leads to hepatocellular necrosis and must be dosed strictly under
medical supervision.
-Erythromycin can cause cholestatic hepatitis.
-Isoniazid, used for tuberculosis, may result in severe hepatitis.
-Amiodarone, a cardiac antiarrhythmic, may cause liver fibrosis with long-term use.
Regular monitoring of liver enzymes-AST, ALT, ALP, GGT- and bilirubin levels is essential when
using such medications.
Hepatoprotective Agents. Hepatoprotective drugs support liver cell repair and protect against
further damage:
- Ursodeoxycholic acid improves bile flow and reduces cholestasis.
- Silibinin (Silymarin) acts as an antioxidant, protecting liver cells from free radical damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07, 2025
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 678
- Ademetionine (SAMe) promotes cell regeneration by donating methyl groups.
- L-ornithine-L-aspartate detoxifies ammonia, preventing hepatic encephalopathy.
Special Populations and Precautions:
- Elderly patients: Drug metabolism slows with age, requiring dose reductions and frequent liver
monitoring.
- Pregnant women: Many hepatotoxic drugs are contraindicated due to potential harm to fetal
development.
- Patients with chronic liver disease: Liver function tests must be evaluated before prescribing any
medication.
Therapeutic Strategy. When drugs with hepatotoxic potential are identified, discontinuation or
substitution with safer alternatives is essential. In some cases, co-administration with
hepatoprotectors or initiation of detoxification therapy, hydration, and symptomatic management
is required. Healthcare providers must adopt an individualized approach and consider possible
drug interactions.
Approach in Uzbekistan’s Medical Practice. In Uzbekistan, clinical protocols have been
established to guide medication use in patients with liver diseases. Special precautions are required
when using medications such as paracetamol, antibiotics, hormonal agents, or anticonvulsants in
patients with hepatitis or cirrhosis. Furthermore, pharmaceutical control and laboratory monitoring
are firmly integrated into the national healthcare system to ensure medication safety.
CONCLUSION
The selection and administration of drugs affecting liver function require clinical vigilance, deep
knowledge, and practical experience. Every drug has specific effects on the div, and the liver is
particularly vulnerable to damage. When used alongside hepatoprotective agents and guided by
individualized, lab-based monitoring, pharmacotherapy can be optimized to preserve liver health
and patient safety.
REFERENCES
1. S. Sh. Mirzakhmedova. Fundamentals of Pharmacology. - Tashkent: O‘zMU Publishing, 2021.
2. A. R. Ibragimov. Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases. - Tashkent Medical Academy, 2020.
3. D. R. Jabborov. Medical Biochemistry. - Tashkent: “Ilm Ziyo”, 2019.
4. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Medicines
in Liver Diseases, 2022.
5. A. Karimov. Issues of Hepatotoxicity and Hepatoprotection, Uzbek Medical Journal, 2021,
Issue 4.
