INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 745
THE ROLE OF CORRECTIONAL SCIENCES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF
VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE
Abdurahmonov Abdulvosidbek Nurmahammad ugli
Master's student of Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages
Tel: 99897 165 92 22
Abstract:
This article discusses the role of special correctional sciences in the environment of the
blind.
Keywords:
blindness, correction, typhlografika, acquisition of funds, white cane, orientation to
social life, attention.
The role of correctional subjects in the education of the blind
1. The specificity of education for the blind
Blind children receive education based on special methods, unlike children studying in
general education schools. Due to their physiological and psychological characteristics, special
subjects and correctional methods are used in the educational process.
2. The purpose of correctional subjects
Through correctional subjects:
To assist the physical and psychological development of children with no or weak vision.
To form independent living skills.
To develop sensory, kinesthetic and cognitive abilities.
To improve social adaptation and form communicative skills.
3. Basic correctional subjects and their importance
3.1. Braille alphabet and writing
The main writing and reading tool for blind children.
To form reading and writing skills using tactile sensations.
3.2. Tactile (sensory) development
Increase the sensitivity of the child's fingers.
Develop the skills of recognizing and understanding objects that are important for children
with visual impairments.
3.3. Movement and orientation exercises
Teaching free movement in the environment.
Teaching listening to sound, feeling the location and special techniques (for example, using
a white cane).
3.4. Social adaptation and communication skills
Teaching the rules of behavior in a social environment for integration into society.
Preparation for independent living.
3.5. Speech therapy
Some blind children have speech development disorders, therefore speech therapy is
important.
3.6. Sensory development exercises
Increase the sensitivity of the hands.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 746
Teach the difference between temperature, pressure, shape and texture.
3.7. Occupational therapy
Practical exercises in simple life skills (cooking, dressing, housework).
Vocational guidance and preparation for work.
4. Results and prospects
Correctional sciences help blind children not only to learn, but also to prepare for
independent living. It also has a positive effect on their social integration.
Correctional science.
In my case, my ability to imagine the world was not formed by itself. The reason for this is
the correctional sciences taught in special schools and boarding schools. Correction means
correction, rounding. There are several correctional sciences in preparing people with disabilities
for life. Acquisition of means, fine motor skills, preparation for social life, typhlography, etc.
In the acquisition of means, the blind are taught to move independently. First, movement in
the room is taught, in which the student learns to go from his seat to the door and hears with his
ears whether the door or window is open or closed. In the second stage, the acquisition of means
is done by touching the walls and objects of the room. In this process, the student moves with his
arms slightly forward as a precaution. In the bedroom, he is also taught to carry means in this
way. In the third, independent movement outside is divided into two parts. The main goal is to
walk in a uniform manner to reach the surrounding objects, at which time each step is counted.
The teacher leads the student and walks together, and then the student moves independently once
he has developed an understanding. In the next stage, the student organizes the carrying of
objects using a cane. The cane plays an important role in safe independent movement on busy
streets and highways. It also helps to feel the surrounding obstacles and the depths under his feet.
When the user approaches the object, he holds the cane in his hand and slightly ahead of his feet,
which is to detect obstacles and high and low points earlier.
The main goal of the science of fine motor skills is to increase the sensory properties of the
fingers. The reason is that above we have mentioned that the fingers play an invaluable role in
understanding nature for visually impaired people. If I were to give information about the
science, it means helping to learn Braille. Initially, the teacher places objects of various shapes
on the hands of the students, and each one is given a separate toy. In this case, the shape and
color of the objects are told, and then the objects are distributed to the students in a mixed state,
and they tell their names and shapes by touching them with their fingers. After the sense of touch
is somewhat formed, the next steps are taken. The letters written in Braille are explained using
visual aids. This process is easy for those who have completely lost their ability to see, but it is a
little difficult for those who can see light or something. One of the main reasons is that students
who have completely lost their ability to see focus all their attention on holding and
understanding the object in their hands. In the next category, on the contrary, they also hold it in
their hands and try to see it with their eyes, which is certainly harmful. Because it is one of the
factors that causes further loss of eyesight. If they can also develop the sense of touch in their
fingers, they will retain their eyesight, albeit to a lesser extent. In the science of fine motor skills,
the main focus is on the index fingers on our hands, so that the reader does not have difficulty
reading a book. Our right index finger reads each line completely, and our left index finger is at
the beginning of the lower line of the line being read. To avoid confusing the lines, we know that
the lines of braille are placed close to each other.
The science of preparing for social life is important because it prepares the visually
impaired for independent life from childhood. It is a very useful science mainly for girls, because
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 747
they are taught the necessary tasks when they graduate from school and go out into independent
life, especially sewing torn clothes, washing clothes, cleaning fruits and vegetables, cooking, etc.
In the lower grades, the theory of science is taught, while the upper grade is taught practically. In
this way, they are prepared for independent life. I know such teachers who can cook
independently without anyone's help, clean fruits and vegetables beautifully, and even thread a
needle with their tongue. When I asked one of my teachers how they know when to put which
product in the food, he said that in addition to the constant smells during the cooking process,
they can distinguish between some smells that we do not know.
To perform the above exercises, we must first focus our attention. Attention is the focusing
and concentration of the human mind on certain objects. Its physiological basis is the formation
of an optimal excitation point in the brain and is strengthened by I.P. Pavlov, do. In order to
better understand the physiological basis of attention, it is necessary to study in more depth the
mechanisms of the brain's transition from a state of sleep to a state of alertness.
Types of attention; 1 Involuntary attention is the direction and concentration of mental
activity when a person does not set a goal to focus attention on something.
2 Voluntary attention; attention that arises on the basis of volitional regulation.
3 Coordinated attention after voluntary attention is formed after attention formed on the
basis of volitional effort and is involuntary attention, depending on the interestingness of the
content of the object.
The following characteristics of attention exist; 1 Concentration is the degree of
concentration of attention on objects.
2 Fluctuation; weakening and then strengthening of attention.
3 The number of objects that attention can capture in a short period of time. In humans, it
can be from three to seven.
4. shifting attention from one object to another when necessary.
5. division; keeping attention on several objects at the same time for a short time.
6. distraction; inability to focus on one object.
7. stability; maintaining attention on one object for a long time.
