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POSSIBILITIES OF USING COLLECTOR WATERS IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE
Toshbekov Nurbek Ahmadovich
Teacher of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Xalimova Zulfizar Akmal qizi
Student of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Sobirov Ulmasbek Norbek ugli
Student of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Abstract:
In this article, the level of salinity of irrigated areas of Bukhara region and the
melioration of irrigated lands in Kogon district, as well as the Korak collector-zovur network,
which serves inter-households in the district, are studied and analyzed. Also, the authors
commented on the positive and negative aspects of this collector.
Key words
:Collector-zovor, inter-farm collector, drainage, water resources, irrigated lands.
As a result of the rapid increase in the number of people in the world, natural resources,
especially the intensive use of land and water resources, cause negative environmental problems
such as pollution of water bodies, degradation of irrigated areas. To combat these problems,
international organizations, including the UN program for sustainable development until 2030,
set the task of "Protection and restoration of terrestrial ecosystems, their effective and rational
use, stopping the degradation of irrigated lands and preventing the decrease of biological
diversity."
These tasks require research on the analysis, evaluation and prevention of expected negative
natural processes, especially in "ecologically fragile" arid climate regions under the influence of
anthropogenic factors. PF-60 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28,
2022 is of great importance for the development of measures for the effective use of water
resources in the Republic, including the collection and storage of water, in the development
strategy of the New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026. A number of measures aimed at effective use of
existing water resources, improvement of land reclamation, increase of soil fertility, formation of
additional water sources are being developed and implemented in our republic in times of water
shortage. In particular, in this regard, comprehensive works are being carried out in the irrigated
fields of Bukhara region. In our region, the majority of the population lives in the desert region
and is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry.
As a result, in places where river water does not come, people use underground water to
grow grain and fodder for livestock with the help of artesian wells. Water resources are limited,
and in the years of water scarcity, inter-district and inter-farm collector water is used in a 50/50
ratio depending on the level of mineralization, and in some cases, it is used directly for irrigation
of agricultural crops. A collector is an open channel that receives water from the water
collecting part of the drainage network and discharges it from the area to be meliorated. The
collector is divided into such types as farm, inter-farm and highway. All these form a collector-
drainage network. Usually, collectors are placed in the lowlands, along the boundaries of
agricultural and crop rotation fields. In flat areas, the length of collector-zovors is built at an
interval of 0.8-1.2 km from each other, taking into account the operation of agricultural
machinery. The cross-section of an open collector is often trapezoidal. The water level in the
collector should be 0.1-0.3 m lower than the level of the collector and ditch that will be poured
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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into it. If it is not possible to drain the drainage water, pumping stations will be built to the
collectors. The most common dimensions of the cross-section of collectors;
- the depth of intra-farm collectors is 3.0-3.6 m, the width of the bottom is 1.0-1.5 m, the
width of the shore is around 40-80 m.
- the depth of inter-farm collectors is 4.5-8.0 m, the width of the bottom is 1.0-3.0 m, the
width of the coast is 80-140 m.
The use of artificial irrigation leads to the consumption of water for filtration, which leads
to an increase in the level of groundwater in areas with a low level of natural drainage. In order
to lower the level of sizot water and remove it, collector-water networks are widely used.
Currently, the irrigated areas in the region are 274.6 thousand ha. The level of mineralization of
groundwater in irrigated areas is calculated as follows. That is, areas with salinity of 0-1 g/l are
6,996 hectares, areas with 1-3 g/l are 208,166 hectares, and areas with 3-5 g/l are 61,140 hectares.
Figure 1.
The use of collector-waste water in agriculture has the following advantages: water
reserves increase, due to its direct use in places, there is no need to build mains and distribution
channels, due to the fact that it contains little waste and a lot of salts, the irrigation networks are
less muddy and weedy, due to the fact that less water is taken from water sources for the
irrigation system, the consumption of water for filtration decreases, the level of seepage waters
decreases. The total irrigated areas in Kogon district are 18.6 thousand hectares, of which 17.3
thousand hectares are provided with ditch networks.
The Korak collector is 17.4 km long and serves to remove underground water from 3
regions in the district. This collector starts from the village of Jaloir and ends at the lower village
of Nishovur. The drainage area is 234 hectares. It can hold 5.6 volumes of water. The parallel
collector pours its water into the parallel collector. The parallel collector pours its water into the
Sea Lake. The water contains 2.931 grams of solids, 0.319 grams of chlorine.
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Figure 1. A view of the collector
In the saline area, the collector-source waters are mineralized to different degrees. In
irrigated lands, collector-waste water is one of the main sources of surface water pollution.
Irrigation water can be divided into 5 groups according to the content of salt.
The use of collector water in agriculture has the following advantages: water reserves
increase, due to its direct use in places, there is no need to build mains and distribution channels,
due to the fact that it contains little waste and a lot of salts, the irrigation networks are less
muddy and weedy, due to the fact that less water is taken from water sources into the irrigation
system, the consumption of water for filtration is reduced, the level of seepage water is reduced.
Korak collector was built by local citizens in 1946 to develop new land and reduce
salinity in irrigated areas. The salt washing period of this collector falls on January, February and
March. During brine washing, 40% of its water is lost.
Every inter-district and inter-household and intra-household collector-waters in the region
are cleaned once every 3 years by the Department of Reclamation Expedition under the Amu-
Bukhara Irrigation Systems Basin Department.
The protection zone of the Korak collector, which is considered an inter-farm collector, is
25 m. Twice a year, i.e., during vetation periods, the water consumption and salinity level of
collectors and ditches are determined by the Departments of Ecology and Irrigation Basin. Due
to the fact that the Korak collector passes through the inhabited area, it causes positive and
negative consequences for the population. Basically, this collector is important for the residents
of the village of Akchamamat, that is, it takes away the underground water in this area. Residents
use this water to irrigate crops for livestock. However, due to the fact that the safety of the
population is not taken into account, cases of drowning are observed among young children. In
addition, as a result of the warming of the air temperature in the summer months, all kinds of
insects and bad smells are coming from the collector to the residential houses.
To eliminate such problems, first of all, in order to ensure the safety of the population, it
is necessary to install fences made of wire or iron around the collector. In addition, it would be
appropriate if the organizations and residents organize cleaning at least 2 times a year and clean
the surroundings of the collector.
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Figure 2. The importance of the Korak collector in the economy
In Bukhara region, he conducted hydrogeological research in the following areas based
on the groundwater and geological assignment for 2017-2023.
1. Obtaining information about the status of underground water resources by conducting
seasonal and multi-year observations of the level of underground water and geochemical regimes.
2. Efficient use of underground water and control of its pollution level.
3. Maintenance of the state report and state cadastre of underground water includes the
following main tasks that must be performed in solving the above-mentioned tasks.
4. Effective use of underground water and control of its pollution level.
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27385. 2
2. Y.K Khayitov, NA Toshbekov, TA Zhumaeva. Efficient use of water resources of the amu-
bukhara canal. academik An International multidisciplinary Research Journal 5, 30. 2020.
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Drainage Networks (On The Example Of Bukhara Region). The American Journal of
Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 2 (2), 10-15. 2021.
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Sovremennaya rossiyskaya nauka: aktualg‘nqe voprosq. 2021.
5. Xayitov Yozil Kosimovich, Toshbekov Nurbek Axmadovich, Jumaeva Tozagul Ahzamovna.
The Formation of Water Collector-Resources Drainage Network of Zarafshan Oasisand the
Questions of Recycling. TEST Engineering & Management, 27380 –27385.
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Aozamovna. Efficient use of water resources of the amu-bukhara canal. academik. An
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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7. Toshbekov Nurbek Ahmadovich. Criteria and scales of the secondary use of collector-
drainage waters (on the example of the Bukhara oasis). Bulletin of the Karakalpak branch of
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