CLASSIFICATION OF DIALECT-SPECIFIC WORDS IN THE LANGUAGE OF KAZAKHS RESIDING IN NAVOI REGION

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CLASSIFICATION OF DIALECT-SPECIFIC WORDS IN THE LANGUAGE OF

KAZAKHS RESIDING IN NAVOI REGION

Kulatova Gaziza Jinisbekovna

Navoi State University, Lecturer

Abstract:

The cultures, histories, and languages of two fraternal nations Uzbek and Kazakh who

have long lived in Central Asia have always been closely intertwined, contributing to each

other’s development. In the Navoi region, Uzbeks and Kazakhs have lived side by side for

centuries, and in some areas, they have coexisted in mixed communities. Naturally, this has

influenced the language of each ethnic group. This article comprehensively classifies the

dialectal characteristics of the language of the Kazakh diaspora in Uzbekistan’s Navoi region.

Keywords:

local peculiarities, dialectology, Kazakh dialects, literary language

Dialects in all languages of the world serve as the foundation and core of literary

language. Dialectal materials recorded from spoken varieties are not only linguistic data but also

rich sources reflecting an ethnic group’s history, culture, and mental characteristics. Particularly

in today’s globalized world, social changes inevitably affect language. Therefore, documenting

dialects in a timely manner, drawing specific conclusions about them, and studying them

scientifically is more urgent than ever.

In the Navoi region, Uzbeks and Kazakhs have long lived together, and in some places,

their communities are mixed. Naturally, this influences the language of both groups. For instance,

in the dialects of the Qizilcha village in Nurota district and the Sho‘rtepa village in Konimex

district, Uzbek speakers living among Kazakhs use plural forms such as -dar // -dər, -tar // -tər:

Създəрдъ əйтдъ.ǝттǝрдъ бǝйлǝдънгмǝ?[1]

Jusipbek Aymautov (1889-1931) was the first scholar to address the topic of “local

peculiarities” in the Kazakh language. In his 1926 article "On Language," published in the

Enbekshi Kazakh newspaper, he wrote:

"In every country and region, Kazakhs have words and expressions unique to them that

are not used by other states. In scientific terms, this is called a local language (regionalism).”[2]

The task of dialectology is to collect and analyze dialectal words, clarify their origins and

distribution. Accordingly, dialectology is divided into descriptive and historical dialectology.

Descriptive dialectology further categorizes dialects into alternative and non-alternative dialectal

features based on lexical characteristics.

The dialects of Kazakhs living in Uzbekistan largely resemble the dialects of

Kazakhstan’s southern regions. For example, words like aңlamau, pіtіru, paqta, gүrіsh, oyaq,

bұyaq, tүgesu, auqat, pіlіk, darbaza, bəygі \ pəygі, qұdag‘ay, kөpshіk, qayazu, qыlua, qыsh,

kіrpіsh, shəmbe, sыpыra, kəpkіr, tag‘a, bədіreң, piyala are commonly used among Kazakhs

living in the districts of Navoi region.

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The dialects spoken by Kazakhs in Konimex and Nurota districts share similarities with

the dialects of Kazakhs in Tomdi, Uchquduq, and Zarafshan districts. Since the Kazakh and

Uzbek populations in Konimex and Nurota are mixed, linguistic commonalities can be observed

in their dialects.

Each region has its own dialectal variations. Below are some dialectal words related to

traditional Kazakh lifestyle:

1. Желмая

– A one-humped, fast, and tireless camel. In Konimex and Tomdi districts,

people call such camels Желмая, while in Nurota district, they simply say tuya (camel). [3]

2. Шаңқыт

– A strong sandstorm. In the desert regions of Konimex district, this

phenomenon is called Шаңқыт, whereas in Tomdi and Uchquduq districts, it is referred to as

Дауыл. [4]

3. Қабан

– A wild boar. In some villages of Navoi region, it is called Қабан, while in

Tomdi, Nurota, and Uchquduq districts, it is referred to as Доңыз. [5]

4. Кимешек –

A traditional headwear for married women. This term was historically

used in Konimex, Tomdi, and Uchquduq districts, but today, the headwear is no longer

commonly worn. [6]

5. Уыз –

The milk of a newly calved cow. This word is commonly used in remote areas

of Konimex district. In Tomdi, however, the same concept is referred to as Далама.[7]

6. Табын –

A herd of cattle. In Konimex, Uchquduq, and Tomdi districts, the word Үйір

is used instead, while in Nurota, influenced by Uzbek speakers, people use the word Poda. [8]

7. Отар –

A flock of sheep and goats. This word is commonly used in Kazakh literary

language. In Konimex, Uchquduq, Tomdi, and Nurota districts, it is sometimes pronounced as

Атар. [9]

8. Адирaспан

– A perennial plant. It is collected and dried in summer and autumn. This

plant is widely found in remote parts of Konimex district. [10]

9. Киіз үй –

The main dwelling of Central Asian nomads. In Kazakhstan, this structure is

known as Отау. In different parts of Navoi region, it is sometimes called qora uy or simply uy.

[11]

10. Кереге –

The collapsible wall structure of a yurt. The joint between Keреге and Уық

is called kerage chekkasi. This architectural feature is important in constructing traditional yurts.

[12]

11. Қыз қуар –

A traditional equestrian sport. In different parts of Navoi region, it is

known as Қыз қуу. [13]

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12. Өләрә –

The period when the moon is not visible between the old and new moon

phases. This term is widespread in Konimex district. [14]

13. Тасаттық –

A religious ceremony conducted by a large group, often involving

sacrificial offerings, prayers, and Quran recitations, typically held to ask for rain. This tradition

is common in remote areas of Konimex district, where livestock farming is prevalent. [15]

14. Өріс –

Grazing land for livestock. In Konimex and Nurota districts, the word Өріс is

used, while in Tomdi and Uchquduq, the term Жайлау is preferred.[16]

Words related to a certain dialect are understandable not only to the people of the region

where they are used, but also to people of other regions. Such words make up a large part of

Kazakh dialectology.

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2. Аймауытов Ж. Тіл туралы. – Еңбекші қазақ, 1926.

3. Қалиев Ғ., Сарыбаев Ш. Қазақ диалектологиясы. – Алматы: Ана тілі, 1991. – 175 б.

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10. Радлов В. Опыт словаря тюркских наречий. – СПб, 1893.

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14. Оразов М. Қазіргі қазақ тіліндегі диалектілік ерекшеліктер. – Алматы: Ғылым, 1991.

15. Юсупов Н. Өзбек жəне қазақ тілдерінің салыстырмалы грамматикасы. – Ташкент: Фан,

1982.