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ERGONOMIES NEIGHBOR ONOMASTIC UNITS WITH ATTITUDE
Rustamov Akbar
Advisor to the Governor of Bukhara region on issues of increasing the effectiveness of spiritual
and educational work and ensuring compliance with the legislation on the state language.
Independent researcher at Bukhara State University
Abstract:
This article discusses the onomastic units of the three ergonims in Bukhara. with
mutual similar and different aspects illuminated .
Keywords:
Bukhara ergonyms, nominative-differentiating function, informational function,
advertising-promotional function, commemorative function, aesthetic function
Abstract:
This article provides information about the specific functional aspects of the ergonyms
of the city of Bukhara, in particular, their nominative-differentiating, informative, advertising-
promotional, commemorative, and aesthetic functions.
Keywords:
Bukhara ergonyms , nominative-differentiating function, informative function,
advertBukhara ergonyms, nominative-differentiating function, informational function,
advertising-promotional function, commemorative function, aesthetic function
ising-promotional function, commemorative function, aesthetic function.
Annotation:
V state daetsya information about functional features of ergonimov ,
vstrechayushchikhsya na territoryi gorod Bukhari, v chastnosti, ob ix nominative-differentiating,
informative, advertising-propagandistic, commemorative and aesthetic functions.
Key words:
Bulgarian ergonomics , nominative-differentiating function, informative function,
advertising-propagandist function, commemorative function, aesthetic function.
With the development of the way of life of the people, the properties of the linguistic units
used by them also change. It is natural that during the change of the language, changes occur in
the properties of the units present in it. There are specific reasons for the introduction of
onomastic units, which are considered a rich and unique material of any language, into practice.
Onomastic units have been studied by many scientists in different periods, but units that have the
property of covering the economic, political, cultural and other aspects of any period require a
detailed study. The importance of ergonyms in the life of the present era is incomparable, and
therefore it is worth noting the high role, place, position, and influence of ergonyms on the
lifestyle of the people for the onomastics of this period.
The development process taking place all over the world, including in our country, affects
objects known on the basis of various factors. The active process forces us to approach
phenomena in the lexical layer from different aspects and to look at them creatively. The
emergence of such influences on the Uzbek language can be associated, first of all, with the
introduction of units belonging to other languages based on various relationships. Other units
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studied at the language level can be studied from the point of view of a specific layer, but in such
a situation, the introduction of ergonyms cannot be assessed in terms of a specific language level.
The emergence of ergonyms can manifest itself in the form of a mixture of traditional or
language levels. Although we consider them as onomastic units, it is a mistake to assess the
formal structure of ergonyms at the same level. For example, if the ergonomical unit named after
the joint-stock company “Bukhara Oil Refinery” is a lexical unit as a general noun unit, then the
additions and syntactic relations in its composition require analysis both morphologically and
syntactically. The ability of the word-formers used in its composition to express the properties of
a single noun unit as a whole can be analyzed in connection with word formation. In particular,
the weakening of the syntactic connection between compound words makes it possible to
consider it as a lexical unit.
The use of ergonyms in the city of Bukhara, the process of their existence, differs to some
extent from other regions. Bukhara has made a unique contribution to world civilization over its
several thousand-year history, and therefore the number and type of visitors to this sacred place
has increased over the years. Bukhara ergonyms are not stable compared to other onomastic units;
since they encompass all aspects of human society, their form, state of expression , and role in
interlinguistic relations are also diverse.
It is impossible to create a clear pattern in the naming of ergonyms, because there is no
clear pattern of human needs. A strong foundation, a powerful historical and spiritual process
play an important role in ensuring the adaptability of the people to new terminological units,
since the people of Bukhara have been able to perceive, assimilate and adapt several languages
for their own consumption during their thousand-year history. At the same time, in Bukhara, in
addition to Uzbek, Tajik, Russian, English and other languages are also actively used in the old
part of the city . The formation of ergonyms in several languages is considered a result of
changes in the social standard of living of the people. The positive side of naming serves to
increase the natural knowledge and interest of the people in languages. Active relationship based
on other to languages related of words meaning to understand help gives .
Institution , organization , enterprise , association and other names , first of all known one
targeted meanings system express to take in terms of semi-finished product unity Other
semasiological from units main different standing aspect his/her targeted done is increasing . It is
known one progressive historical
far the period own from the beginning forgiven space
there is , in it onomastic units existence status , permanent without style consumerism point from
the point of view grading status is observed .
of ergonyms as an onomastic unit, it is necessary to make some comparison with other
onomastic units that are close to it:
-anthroponyms (names given to people) and ergonyms: anthroponyms name a specific
person , regardless of the purpose of their naming, national-cultural, religious values prevail,
while in ergonyms this is only part of its naming, the purpose of its formation as a name is much
broader. The use of anthroponyms in the formation of ergonyms is also found, first of all, in the
form of naming a specific institution, shop or other object after the founder or his children,
parents. This reflects the traditions of family respect, loyalty and priority that are consistent with
the customs of the Uzbek people: Rustambek's kitchen, Maftuna restaurant, Mironshoh hotel,
etc.;
-paronyms (names of vehicles) and ergonyms: vehicles can be called by the names of
animals, birds, people, places, and other things, but in most cases they are not used as names. It
does not serve any other purpose, it is in the gender position, while ergonyms, as the name of a
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company that manufactures vehicles, express the type, but the paronym can also be used as an
ergonym for an organization that sells vehicles : Cobalt auto parts store, BYD auto showroom ;
-hydronyms (names of water bodies) and ergonyms: hydronyms represent the names of
moving and stationary water bodies, most hydronyms are immutable, they can be called
differently by different peoples, only artificially created water bodies are given new names and a
renewal is observed in the general composition of the hydronym, ergonyms are a product of
development, they are always changing, the naming of some ergonyms with hydronyms occurs
on the basis of metonymic transfer, for example: “Shohrud” JSC, “Jayhun” farm, “Zarafshon”
LLC, “Anhor” teahouse.
-phytonyms (names of plants, flowers, trees and their fruits), zoonyms (animal names) and
ergonyms and ergonyms: phytonyms and zoonyms express a specific meaning of the name, they
also have their own internal divisions. At the same time, phytonyms and zoonyms can be used as
ergonyms from the point of view of the trade in this product or animal or the head of the
institution's liking for this plant (animal) : Flower Shop, Viola Flower Shop, Pomegranate Cafe,
Purple Preschool Educational Organization , Canary Bird Shop ; Mustang Gas Station;
-georthonyms (names given to various holidays and events) and ergonyms: the names of
holidays and events related to natural phenomena (Navruz, Mehrjon), religious (Ramadan and
Kurban holidays, Hajj worship, Bibi Seshanbe) and everyday life (wedding, cradle wedding,
sallabandon, etc.) are given by the people, while the dates of official holidays and events are
determined and celebrated on the basis of a separate document (Independence Day, Teachers and
Mentors Day, Silk and Spice Festival). Georthonyms mainly take the form of ergonyms in cases
where services that bring a festive mood to the population or the sale of goods used in a
particular holiday or event are indicated: “Navruz” cafe, “New Year's Gifts” shop, “Hajj and
Umrah Clothes” shop;
-theonyms (religious names) and ergonyms: "Kawsar" drinking water, Khadicha Islamic
women's clothing store, "Halol Halisa" food chain;
mythonym (names of mythological characters and objects) : Afrosiyob Hotel, Hefest Home
Appliances Store;
-faleronyms (names of orders, medals, various awards) and ergonyms: Azim Shafirkon
Star Farm;
-artonyms (names of art and works of art) and ergonyms: "Bukhorcha" dance ensemble,
"Thousand and One Nights" ceremonial house, "Golden Fish" kitchen, etc.
The related onomastic units presented in the above analyses served as the basis for the
formation of ergonyms.
At the same time, in the process of studying the relationship of ergonyms with onomastic
units such as toponyms, pragmatonyms, and oikodonyms, it is possible to observe not only the
acquisition of names, but also the presentation of names.
Toponyms (place names) and ergonyms
: the main unit of urban onomastics are
toponyms. Toponyms serve as an important factor in the formation of territorial integrity,
national unity, and unified psychological relations. As the spatial scope of a person expands, the
psycholinguistic essence of large toponyms, aimed at uniting human society, also expands, or
vice versa. How can this be explained? For example, for a person who has not left his village,
there is a spirit of closeness and generalization only towards those in this area; with the
expansion of space, a person begins to feel a need for closeness at the district, regional, and
republican levels. “ Every of a place name own has a history . They people of life various sides
in itself reflection Names often have the same meaning . in the area lived people life , living
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conditions with related without happened will be ”
. Toponyms personal society if combined ,
anthroponyms alone person the concept The formation of toponyms is historical - traditional,
that is, most ergonyms are the product of historical development, new names may also arise
based on a certain political situation and territorial divisions, but ergonyms are distinguished by
their mobility and adaptability to the era, and official and unofficial ergonyms can be formed on
the basis of toponyms . Ergonomies first of all targeted onomastic is a unit . Ergonomis
onomastic unity as needs , interests , interests system express to receive in terms of to toponyms
relatively narrow, to anthroponyms relatively wider task Research
during from toponyms
ergonyms harvest to do very many evidence For example , the name " Bukhara " working release
enterprises , trade places , hospitals , kitchens restaurant such as ergonyms encounter possible ;
other district , city , village to the names relatively so to the conclusion The bride .
This with together , ergonomies toponym as application less For example , the former
"Xalqobod" collective farm in the Romitan district of the Bukhara region took over the arable
land located in about ten settlements such as Tarnaut, Nazarabad, Attoron, and provided
employment for most of the population living in this area. However , among the people,
"Xalqobod" has become an unofficial toponym with a larger status than the settlement, and is
usually used as a generalization of the current Tarnaut, Attoron, and Mirishkor neighborhoods.
When interviewed with villagers, most of them answered "I am from Xalqobod," although they
knew the name of their settlement.
Or Bukhara city "Islam" The section of Karimov Street from the Bukhara Cinema to
the Nihol Cafe is unofficially called the "Bahor Cafe" by residents. This is because a cafe called
"Bahor" once operated here, but it closed down due to the competition from today's catering
services.
Pragmatonyms (product names) and ergonyms
: Product names have the same concept
of gender, and the institution that produces them is considered an ergonymic unit in the position
of a species.
The products themselves can also be used as ergonims: "Skrepka" stationery store,
"Bookhara" bookstore;
At the same time, it is possible to observe cases where ergonyms that have become
successful in the market later become georthonyms, that is, product names. After all, people
often give new concepts names in a way that suits them. These names can become standard over
time and move into literary language. Sometimes, however, they are used in a certain circle and
become unpopular. For example, the Akfa group company produces many household appliances,
such as door and window frames, heating boilers, and radiators. The frames of the Akfa
enterprise, especially those made from new and unusual raw materials, were a novelty for
consumers at the time. As a result, frames made of metal and plastic, regardless of the
manufacturing enterprise, began to be called “Akfa”.
We call a special container that keeps hot or cold things at their desired temperature for a
long time a Thermos. However, this type of container was invented in 1892 by the Scottish
physicist and chemist James Dewar. In 1904, a German company began producing it under the
Thermos trademark. Over time, the trademark became the name of the container itself.
founded the company Cousteau and
Aqua Lung International
in 1943. This company
specializes in the production of breathing apparatus. Aqua Lung is derived from the Latin words
1
Do'simov.3, Egamov H. Brief explanatory dictionary of place names/ - Tashkent : Teacher . – B.4 .
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aqua - water and English lung - lungs . But today, Aqua Lung has become the name of breathing
equipment, regardless of the company that produces it.
the ergonym- pragmatonym form include Tefal, Ariston, Dictophone, Vaseline, Cologne,
Aspirin , and Keda (a type of sports shoe) .
Oikodonym (names of buildings and structures) and ergonyms : oikodonym and ergonym
are very harmonious concepts. After all, each institution or organization has its own building,
and naturally that building is called by the name of the institution that owns it. In particular,
when we say "Mittivoy", we mean not only a store selling children's clothes, but also a building
opposite Bukhara City School No. 4, owned by this store.
At the same time, although the name "Korzinka" is ergonomically understandable to
everyone as a retail chain, in order for this word to be understandable as a homonym, it is
necessary to add ordinal numbers or the name of the area in which the building is located.
Over time, due to various economic, political or other influences, the ergonomic may lose
its significance and only the ergonomic may remain. For example, the names Nogai Caravanserai
or Abdulazizkhan Madrasah, one of which was the name of a service and the other of an
educational institution, were included in the ergonomic series, but today we use these names
only as the name of the building - the ergonomic.
Just as a certain name is transformed from an ergonim to an oikodonim, a situation is also
observed in which an oikodonim becomes an ergonim. In most cases, the transfer of oikodonim
to an ergonim is mainly carried out in order to designate a famous building as a landmark and
create convenience for customers. For example, the Ark Hotel, the Darvozai Samarkand Hotel,
the Chor Bakr Restaurant, the Mohi Khossa Sanatorium, the Sarrofon Hotel, and the office of the
Minor travel company are located next to historical buildings of the same name.
Sometimes the chain of mutual evolution of the ergonim and the oikodonim can be carried
out in several stages. For example, a madrasah operates in a building built by Kulbabo
Ko'kaldosh. Then this newly built hotel and its building are named after a historical building
located near the object. The hotel expanded its scope and franchised the right to use this name to
an entrepreneur in another region. As a result, the following onomastic chain is formed under
one onymi in different places:
anthroponym (Kukaldosh) – ergonym (Kukaldosh madrasa) – aykodonym (Kukaldosh
madrasa building) – ergonym (Kukaldosh hotel) – aykodonym (Kukaldosh hotel building) –
ergonym (Kukaldosh hotel network structure).
It is clear that the anthroponym or ergonym of Ko'kaldosh at the beginning of this line has
nothing to do with the ergonym of Ko'kaldosh at the end.
In conclusion , it can be said that any onomastic unit is formed on the basis of a chain
relationship. Such a chain to some extent negates and at the same time complements each other.
Any onomastic unit makes concepts possible, that is, since the name of any object, person, place,
organization, div of water, etc. does not exist, its status in social existence is also relative. The
viability of these names ensures the viability of concepts.
List of used literature:
1. by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 78th session of
the
United
Nations
General
Assembly.
Electronic
source:
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2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Advertising". Electronic source:
3. A. V. Superanskaya // Obshchaya teoriya imeni sobstvennogo - Moscow: Nauka, 1973
4. M. Saparniyazova // Abstract of the dissertation of the Doctor of Philological Sciences (DSc)
on the topic “Structural-semantic, linguocultural and pragmatic study of ergonyms of the
Uzbek language”. Tashkent-2023
