INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE THYROID GLAND ARE NORMAL
Jo’rayeva Farangiza Erkinovna
Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina
Abstract:
The influence of thyroid hormones on the formation of the brain has been shown by
numerous classical studies. However, the presence of neurons, astrocytes and microglia in the
brain The 2021 release of TRα and TRβ receptors was associated with low TSH levels and
poorer performance on tests of cognitive development in older adults with a mean age of (49.5 ±
7.4) years, without overt thyroid dysfunction.
Key words
:thyroid gland, cerebral hypoperfusion, physical activity, cognitive abilities.
Introduction:
Our experimental studies revealed that animals with a high level of
cognitive abilities with cerebral hypoperfusion after 2–3 months in the thyroid gland there is a
greater decrease in the specific proportion of perfused perifollicular hemocapillaries and mast
cells than in animals with a low level of cognitive abilities [4,8,9]. Chronologically, these
changes coincide with the second peak of mortality in animals with a high level of cognitive
abilities, observed after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries [1,3].This is consistent
with the results of clinical studies that demonstrated that serum triiodothyronine levels on
admission to hospital with ischemic stroke can predict the patient's cognitive decline [7].
The aim of the study
was to assess the dynamics of structural changes in the follicular apparatus
and the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the thyroid gland in rats with cerebral hypoperfusion in rats
with different levels of learning ability under prolonged exposure to physical exertion.
Materials and methods
: The experiment was carried out on 240 rats of both sexes (120 males
and 120 females), weighing 180–200 g, Wistar strain. The thyroid gland was studied 1, 6, 8, 8,
14, 28, 35, 60 and 90 days after surgery (comparison group), as well as when it was combined
with 15 minutes of physical activity (experimental group). The animals of the experimental
group, starting from the 7th day after surgery, were subjected to forced swimming in the pool
every day for 15 minutes. In each group, two subgroups of equal size were identified: males and
females (64 in the comparison group and 56 in the experimental group), animals with low and
high levels of anxiety (64 in the comparison group and 56 in the experimental group), as well as
animals with high and low levels of cognitive functions (64 and 56 animals, respectively). The
thyroid gland was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and wiring was carried out with
intermediate Blik mixtures. On serial microtome sections (5 μm) stained with Mayer's
hematoxylin-eosin, the height of the thyroid epithelium of the follicles (Ht), the average diameter
of the follicle (Df), and the area of a single island of interfollicular epithelium (Si) were
determined. The specific proportion of hemocapillaries on the section (Sh) was also determined
as a percentage of the total section area. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using
the StatSoft Statistica v6.0 software package. To assess the relationship between the studied
indicators, the Kendal correlation coefficient was used. The significance of the differences in the
measured parameters was assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test for two
independent samples. P values р<0.05 were considered significant differences.
Results and discussion:
changes in isolated cerebral hypoperfusion are characterized by
periodicity – when a short-term increase in organ activity is replaced by its decrease. Also,
results were obtained on a greater amplitude of changes in the studied parameters and a later
growth of signs of organ activity in a subgroup with a high level of cognitive abilities. A single
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
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physical activity leads to a greater increase in the activity of the thyroid gland during cerebral
hypoperfusion, which may have a positive value, based on the ability of its hormones to
stimulate the neuroprotective mechanisms of astrocytes and shift the vector of differentiation of
progenitor cells towards neurons. Average follicle diameter comparison group Control 10,2 ± 0,7;
9,3 ± 0,8; 45,0 ± 2,2;48,5 ± 2,1 ; experimental group 1 сут. 9,4 ± 0,4 8,9 ± 0,4; 49,5 ± 2,3; 53,0 ±
2,4; 6 сут. 6,0 ± 0,3; 8,3 ± 0,3; 37,5 ± 1,5 53,3 ± 2,5 : 8 сут. 5,8 ± 0,3 7,3 ± 0,3 6,1 ± 0,2* 8,0 ±
0,3*38,5 ± 1,6 53,3 ± 2,2 43,2 ± 1,8: 58,7 ± 2,4* 14 сут. 7,4 ± 0,3 7,6 ± 0,3 6,5 ± 0,3* 6,7 ± 0,3*
41,1 ± 1,8 46,0 ± 1,9 41,9 ± 1,7* 35,4 ± 1,4* 21 сут. 9,7 ± 0,4 8,5 ± 0,3 8,4 ± 0,4* 7,9 ± 0,3*
57,7 ± 2,8 49,2 ± 2,4 40,6 ± 1,7* 39,6 ± 1,7* 28 сут. 8,6 ± 0,4 9,7 ± 0,4 9,4 ± 0,4: 10,5 ± 0,5
58,2 ± 2,4 55,4 ± 2,4 35,1 ± 1,8* 44,4 ± 1,9* 35 сут. 7,6 ± 0,3 13,4 ± 0,6 10,1 ± 0,5^ 14,6 ± 0,7*
58,6 ± 2,4 60,7 ± 2,6 30,5 ± 1,4* 39 ± 1,9*60 сут. 9,8 ± 0,5 7,6 ± 0,3 7,8 ± 0,3* 6,5 ± 0,3* 47,5
± 2,2 45,8 ± 2,2 53,3 ± 2,2* 51,7 ± 2,3^ 90 сут. 12,0 ± 0,5 10,0 ± 0,5 6,9 ± 0,3* 7,5 ± 0,4* 46,2
± 2,3 40,8 ± 1,8 32 ± 1,4* 47,9 ± 2 м The active participation of the thyroid gland, which we
revealed in the current study, not only in the development of cerebral hypoxia, but also in the
neuroprotective mechanisms caused by physical exercise in individuals with a high level of
cognitive abilities is potentially an important component of individualized therapy for ischemic
brain damage. In addition, the shift of peaks of follicular activity from a later period to an earlier
one and the elimination of intergroup heterochrony confirm our previously stated concept of
restarting adaptive-compensatory mechanisms during cerebral hypoperfusion under the influence
of physical activity
Conclusions:
physical activity against the background of cerebral hypoperfusion leads to
a restart of the adaptive-compensatory syndrome, which, in turn, is accompanied by an increase
in the activity of the thyroid epithelium in the subgroup with a high level of cognitive abilities
after 3 weeks, associated with a decrease in mortality.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Journal:
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