INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 76
FORMATION OF ECOTOURISM AND STATE NATURAL MONUMENTS
Bаbаmurоdоvа Nаrgizа Jо ‘rаyеvnа
Bukhara State University
Abstract
:The ecological situation, its concept, the ecological situation and the aggravation of
relations between nature and man, environmental pollution are covered by the author in this
article.
Keywords
:Ecological situation, ecological safety, ecological situation, environment,
hydromorphic situation, soil and vegetation cover.
Currently, the widespread development of production in the territory of our Republic is
exacerbating the relationship between nature and man. This exacerbating is usually expressed in
environmental pollution, degradation of soil and vegetation cover, impoverishment, and other
manifestations. Each natural complex in this regard has a certain ecological situation, which
differs from each other in the severity, complexity, and complexity of this situation.
The ecological situation has relatively stable characteristics for a general concept and a
territory. Therefore, it can remain almost unchanged for a long time, that is, it can remain the
same. However, the ecological situation can sometimes worsen, sometimes improve, this
depends on the pace of production, if its impact on the environment accelerates, the situation
worsens, and vice versa. The occurrence of the ecological situation at different levels forms
various situations in the region.
The ecological situation is the state of the ecological situation over a certain period of
time, therefore, it is unstable and can quickly change from one situation to another in space over
time. Thus, the ecological situation in space
occurs over a certain period of time and clearly and clearly reflects the situation.
Ecological situations in Uzbekistan are formed on different scales depending on the level
of use of natural resources in the area, the development of production, the scope of measures to
prevent environmental pollution. According to the results of research, the ecological situation
can be complex, individual, and associated with a single factor (or natural component). A
complex ecological situation is formed as a result of changes in almost all natural components.
In particular, the situation in the Aral Sea can be considered truly complex, since all natural
components in that area have undergone fundamental changes in the process of decomposition,
and the previous hydromorphic situation is now completely replaced by xeromorphic,
hydrohalomorphic and automorphic situations.
Ecosystems associated with certain groups of natural components are often associated
with the degradation or pollution of soil, vegetation, or atmospheric air and water.
For example, the ecosystem in the Sariosiyo, Uzun, and Denov districts of Surkhandarya
region arose due to the waste of an aluminum enterprise located in the city of Tursunzoda in the
neighboring Republic of Tajikistan.
The ecosystem in these districts of Surkhandarya is affected by hydrogen fluoride gas, as
a result of which the population suffers from headaches and joint diseases. Loss of teeth and
death of livestock have occurred, crops have dried up, and heavy metals and toxic substances
have accumulated in the soil. Thus, the ecosystem is associated with the damage of several
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 77
natural factors, as well as the disease of humans and livestock. Such an ecological situation can
be considered a group situation.
Ecological situation sometimes occurs in connection with one factor or component. In
most large areas of Uzbekistan, the ecological situation is dangerous due to pollution of water
resources. The inability to use river waters as drinking water, the development of the
phenomenon of re-salinization in the soil when using them for irrigation, as well as soil pollution
with various wastes, aggravate the situation. Consumption of poor-quality river water by the
population in the Lower Amu Darya, Lower Syrdarya, Lower Zarafshan, Lower Kashkadarya
and other regions affects the spread of various diseases among them.
It especially causes severe complications in infants under 1 year old, young children, and
women, and the prevalence among the population is relatively high in some districts and regions.
According to the results of the study, the ecological situation associated with water
resources in the republic is the priority, and the ecological situations associated with atmospheric
air pollution and other reasons take the next place. There are satisfactory, average, acute, critical
and catastrophic ecological situations in Uzbekistan. Satisfactory ecological situations are
characteristic of the slopes of the mountain ranges, high and medium-altitude mountains. In these
areas, natural conditions have practically not changed, only a quantitative decrease in some
plants and animals is observed. The average ecological situation is characteristic of the
mountains of medium and low altitude, some areas of the Kyzylkum and Ustyurt plateaus, where
signs of soil and vegetation cover degradation are observed.
The acute ecoregion occupies the slopes of the hills, sometimes low mountains, proluvial
plumes, the Karshi River and the Kyzylkum areas where mines are currently being mined, the
Bukhara and Karakoy oases. In this ecoregion, there is a violation of some components of nature.
The acute ecoregion occupies a large part of the Lower Amu Darya, Khorezm region and
Karakalpakstan. In this situation, the disturbed geosystems have irreversible properties.
The catastrophic ecoregion belongs to the Muynak district of Karakalpakstan and the
entire Aral Sea water area on the Aral Sea coast. In this case, one can see the violation of
geosystems and the intensification of irreversible natural and ecological processes. Smoke
(complexes) of industrial enterprises and their emissions affect the natural environment, creating
conditions for the formation and formation of local ecosystems of various levels.
In this case, several ecological zones are formed around the industrial enterprise
(complex). It was found that the radius of environmental impact of non-ferrous metallurgy
enterprises (according to the "wind rose") is observed up to 60 km. Thus, it is possible to
distinguish regions with narrow, sharp and average ecological conditions around them. This is
due to the gradual variability of the aggravating factor. The constant large-scale impact of the
anthropogenic factor ensures the expansion of the ecological conditions in space. The regular
development of drilling operations in the Karshi steppe in order to open new oil and natural gas
fields is affecting the replacement of the average ecological conditions with an acute situation
and its rapid expansion in the region. The replacement of the lower favorable ecological
conditions with high-level complex ecological conditions occurs in some areas.
Since 1961, due to the increasing complexity of the hydro-ecological situation in the Lower Amu
Darya, the natural environment has changed from the most favorable to the most catastrophic.
The change has continued in one direction, with all levels of ecosystems replacing each other
one after another. Sustainable change is associated with a decrease in water consumption in the
Amu Darya and an increase in the level of mineralization. The most pronounced catastrophic
level is observed in the Aral Sea. In a short period of time, its level has dropped by 20 m, that is,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 78
by 0.5 m per year. This is a significant indicator for dry basins. A stable ecosystem is
characteristic only for some small ecosystems.
In these ecosystems, natural and anthropogenic factors have little or no effect on changes
in the situation, or their stability is strong. In the watershed parts of the high mountain range
(glacial-nival region), human economic activity is extremely limited, only some mountaineers
and glaciologists work in certain places. Their activities do not lead to changes in the natural
environment. The change of complex ecosystems from simple ecosystems is associated with the
purposeful transformation of the natural environment by humans and the sustainable
management of landscape processes. Recently, due to the purification of a large part of industrial
wastewater, a certain degree of purification of the waters of the Chirchik and Ahangaron rivers
has been achieved.
Also, the amount of industrial emissions into the atmosphere is decreasing at the
republican level, and other positive changes are being felt in the purification of the environment
and the improvement of human living conditions. The complex progressive ecological situation
is formed, formed and developed in regions with developed industry, transport, construction and
agriculture. Due to the presence of various sectors of the economy in the region, the impact on
the environment also occurs to varying degrees.
As a result, several levels of ecological conditions arise and begin to form in a given area.
Depending on the level of impact, regularity, type of waste, and especially on the effectiveness
of measures, the stages of development of situations vary. In the area of influence of mining
and metallurgical enterprises (Almalyk, Navoi, Uchkuduk, etc.), energy, chemical, oil refining
and other industrial complexes, the ecological condition is critical, and around other industrial
enterprises, various conditions are observed. Ensuring ecological safety has now become a
priority and urgent task. Because the pollution of drinking water, the serious saturation of
atmospheric air with waste in some places, as a result of which the spread of various diseases
among the population, the salinization of irrigated lands and the decrease in the productivity of
pastures, which negatively affect agricultural production, indicate the need to implement
fundamental changes on a country-wide scale.
It is necessary to solve a number of interrelated issues in ensuring ecological safety. First
of all, the implementation of ecological (bioecological, geosystemic, biosphere) monitoring is of
priority importance. In Uzbekistan, this type of monitoring is currently carried out by various
institutions and organizations, but their scope and territory do not fully meet current
requirements. For example, soil pollution by industrial and chemical substances (assigned to the
Main Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic) is monitored only in the territories of certain
rural communities. This does not cover the irrigated lands of all regions, but it would be
appropriate to cover certain areas of selected test farms in each region.
Only then will it be possible to draw appropriate conclusions on the technogenic pollution of
irrigated lands on the territory of the republic. A similar situation exists in the pollution of water
bodies, saturation of atmospheric air with waste, and other areas, the presence of which within
the established norms will allow obtaining the necessary monitoring information on the natural
environment and drawing clear conclusions about the current ecological situation.
Ecological expertise is typical for newly built industrial enterprises. However, logically,
it is necessary to conduct regular expertise for all operating industrial enterprises, hydraulic
structures and other engineering facilities. In fact, the environment is polluted by industrial
enterprises that have been operating for a long time. Therefore, ecological expertise must cover
all enterprises. Only then can the purification of the natural environment begin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 79
It is permissible to create ecological and nature protection maps of various scales as a
basis for managing the ecological situation and implementing a set of relevant measures. These
maps allow monitoring the existing ecological situation in the republic, studying its progressive
changes, and planning appropriate measures. The existing maps are temporary, and it is of
practical importance that they are updated with new information every year. Each region should
have its own ecological and nature protection maps of a certain scale, which should be
downloaded onto diskettes and transferred to computers for use by specialists and management
(city, regional governors, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic).
Communication via computers allows obtaining consolidated monitoring information for
the republic in Tashkent using images from all regions. All laws of the Oliy Majlis, presidential
decrees and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers, instructions and other regulatory documents
issued on ecology and nature protection must be implemented and followed in a timely manner.
Respect for the law also means respect for nature. Ensuring ecological safety also
depends on compliance with regulatory indicators, REM and other certain accepted standards. It
is necessary that industrial and motor vehicle waste be degraded to the minimum safe levels, and
secondary resources be properly processed and useful elements extracted from them.
The most important thing is to put an end to wastefulness, extract resources from nature
according to need, and move to the principle of not producing waste. In extracting resources
from nature, abandoning the principle of "who has more than enough" and enriching it, restoring
resources, using them carefully, and adopting alternative options in this regard, that is, using
other resources that are less expensive, in all places and in all production enterprises. Preserving
and respecting nature, in turn, guarantees environmental safety.
References:
1. К.Ф Абдуллаев, Н.Ж Бобомуродова, К.К Кобилжонов. Высокая духовность основа
экологической культурыНаучное пространство: актуальные вопросы, достижения и
инновации, 5-8.
2. К.Ф Абдуллаев, Н.Ж Бобомуродова. К проблеме взаимодействия общества и природы.
Научные школы. Молодежь в науке и культуре XXI века, 255-256.
3. К.Ф Абдуллаев, Н.Ж Бобомуродова. Физическая культура и спорт-эффективное
средство предотвращения вредных привычек у подростков. Человек и природа, 195.
4. Н.Ж Бобомуродова. Экологическая культура как общечеловеческая ценность.
Международные образовательные, научные и социально -культурные технологии.
5. Н.Ж Бобомуродова. Оптимальный режим питания-важный фактор правильного
физического развития детей Вестник науки и образования, 61-63.
6. Н.Ж Бобомуродова. Задачи школы по охране природы школьников. Вопросы науки и
образования, 18-20.
7. К.Ф Абдуллаев, Н.Ж Бобомуродова. Взгляды на астрологию великого мыслителя абу
райхон беруни Россия-Узбекистан. Международные образовательные и социально-
культурные .
8. N Bobomurodova, H Rakhimovna. Conservation of water and soil resources. Евразийский
журнал медицинских и естественных наук 2 (12), 72-76.
9. Н.Ж Бобомуродова. Педагогические науки задачи школы по охране природы.
Вопросы науки и образования 18 (2).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 80
10. Н.Ж Бобомуродова. Любовь к человеку-идейная основа гуманизма алишера навои.
Символ науки, 40-43.
11. N Babamuradova. Zamonaviy ta'lim mazmunida yoshlarda ekologik tafakkurni
shakllantirish. Ta`lim va innovatsion tadqiqotlar 44 (44).
12. N Babamuradova. Аждодлар меросида баркамол инсон саломатлиги ғояси
13. Центр научных публикаций (buxdu. uz) 32 (32).
14. N Babamuradova. Aholini ommaviy sog'lomlashtirishda jismoniy mashqlarning o‘rni.
Центр научных публикаций (buxdu. uz) 32 (32)
15. N Babamuradova. Ekologiya darslarida interfaol mashqlar va topshiriqlardan samarali
foydalanish shart-sharoitlari. Ta`lim va innovasion tadqiqotlar 43 (43).
16. N Babamuradova. Umumiy o‘rta ta'lim maktabi o‘quv fanlaridagi integratsiya jarayonlar.
Центр научных публикаций (buxdu. uz) 32 (32).
17. К.Ф АБДУЛЛАЕВ, Н.Ж БОБОМУРОДОВА. Вклад великого мыслителя ар беруни в
естественные науки. Антропологическое знание как системообразующий фактор
профессиональногo.
18. A.N Asadullayev. Atmosfera havosini ifloslantiruvchi manbalar. Science and Education 5
(4), 137-145.
19. A Asadullayev. Agroklasterlarda organik mahsulot ishlab chiqarish va biomassadan
samarali foydalanish. центр научных публикаций (buxdu. uz) 45 (45).
20. А.N Аsаdullаyеv. Lаt yеgаndа vа shikаstlаngаndа birinchi tibbiy yоrdаm kо‘rsаtish.
Science and Education 5 (2), 45-51.
