INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 144
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM: JUSTICE
AND LEGAL GUARANTEES
Javokhir Eshonqulov
jаvоxireshоnqulоv0724@gmаil.cоm
Lecturer оf Cyber Lаw Depаrtment,Tаshkent Stаte University оf lаw,Uzbekistan
Оrcid: 0000-0002-9964-9031
Durdona Muzaffarova
The faculty of international law and comparative legislation
durdonamuzaffarova65@gmail.com
Annotation:
This article explores the growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the
judicial system, examining both the positive and negative implications of AI’s role in legal
decision-making. It discusses the transformative potential of AI in streamlining case
management, increasing efficiency, and reducing human biases, referencing examples from
countries like India, China, and Colombia. However, the article also raises significant concerns
about AI’s ability to accurately interpret the law, maintain judicial independence, and be held
accountable for its actions. The article advocates for using AI as an assistive tool rather than a
substitute for human decision-making in the judiciary, emphasizing the importance of human
oversight to ensure fair and ethical legal processes. It concludes that while AI can aid in
administrative and procedural tasks, the ultimate responsibility for legal judgments should
remain with human judges.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, judicial system, legal decision-making, technology in law, AI
ethics, Court efficiency, legal precedents, judicial independence, accountability in AI, AI in
Colombia, AI in India, legal transparency, technology and justice.
It is true that the 21st century is the century of information and technology. Once upon a time,
flying cars and mobile communication devices seemed like just a fantasy or a figment of the
imagination. But by the 21st century, these “wild fantasies” began to turn into reality. Now
flying taxis, driverless cars, and even robots are the norm. By the 21st century, an event occurred
that could radically change our lives. Artificial intelligence entered our small world. After the
invention of artificial intelligence, the need for Google or other assistant programs decreased
sharply. The main reason for this is that people began to search for all information through
artificial intelligence, and artificial intelligence began to perform tasks that take up most of our
time during the day. For example, tasks such as daily reports, daily work plans, and sources for
articles are now easily performed by artificial intelligence. This development of the era leads to
the intervention of technology in every field. Some movies featured scenes of robots passing
judgement on people in courtrooms. These same episodes have now become a reality in a
slightly different way. Not robots as in the movie, but artificial intelligence has entered the
judicial system. Judges have begun to use the power of technology to pass judgement on people.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 145
Previously, this seemed like an unattainable dream. Today, the use of artificial intelligence in the
judicial system is gradually being considered a normal situation. On the one hand, the use of
artificial intelligence in the judicial system indicates the development of the technological age in
our world and the fact that the work of all professions is now easier. But on the other hand, how
right is it for a fair legal system to move away from the human factor and be carried out through
artificial intelligence, artificial perception? Especially if this work, unlike other professions, is
not about teaching or helping someone, or producing something, but about deciding the fate of a
person by passing judgement on him. To what extent can the legal system and rational principles
in the judicial system accommodate this change, and how positively will it affect the process of
fair and lawful sentencing of people?Or, on the contrary, will the development of technology and
its superiority over the human factor lead to an increase in injustice and illegal actions in the
judicial system? So, in our article below, we will analyze the introduction of artificial
intelligence into the judicial system and its positive and negative aspects, as well as provide
detailed answers to the above questions.
By now, the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system is becoming normal. We can see
this from the fact that developed countries such as India, China and Colombia have begun to use
it in practice. Initially, most of the work in the judicial system was transferred to an electronic
system, and the People's Republic of China began this practice during the pandemic. In it, for
example, domain disputes and problematic situations were conducted electronically, in the form
of electronic evidence. It is also true that in this case, work efficiency has increased significantly.
We can see that the consideration of cases has decreased by 25 percent, and the number of
sessions has decreased by 67 percent. If we talk about the application of artificial intelligence in
practice, it is better to cover it with existing cases.
According to news on social networks, 2 lawyers ask Chatgpt to provide court precedents to
gather arguments in court. Chatgpt provides them with 6 cases that did not happen at all and their
fake sources.
The lawyer uses them in the court case. The court finds out about this and fines the
1
APnews (2023). Lawyers submitted bogus case law created by ChatGPT. A judge fined them $5,000-
https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-fake-case-lawyers-
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 146
2 lawyers $ 5,000 for providing fake cases without checking the original source.
According to Judge P. Kevin Castel, "Technological advances are commonplace and there is
nothing inherently improper about using a reliable artificial intelligence tool for assistance,"
Castel wrote. "But existing rules impose a gatekeeping role on attorneys to ensure the accuracy
of their filings." But despite this, the lawyers, "We respectfully disagree with the finding that
anyone at our firm acted in bad faith. We have already apologized to the Court and our client.
We continue to believe that in the face of what even the Court acknowledged was an
unprecedented situation, we made a good faith mistake in failing to believe that a piece of
technology could be making up cases out of whole cloth." We can see that the use of AI in
judicial practice is directly reflected in our lives. Today, AI is also being used in the Indian
judiciary. The following words of the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi are noteworthy,
“Technology connects the police, forensics, prisons and courts and speeds up their work. We are
moving towards a justice system that is fully ready for the future.”
From these words, we can
understand that India is already trying to live in harmony with technology. In Indian practice, AI-
based tools are now being used for intelligent planning, prioritization of cases and proactively
reducing delays. These systems use predictive analytics to predict potential delays and delays,
which ensures optimal allocation of judicial resources for timely resolution of cases.AI-powered
virtual legal assistants and chatbots are available to provide litigants with real-time information
on case status, procedural guidelines, and important legal updates. This 24/7 digital support
makes the court system more accessible, especially for those unfamiliar with legal procedures.
AI models analyze historical data and case data to provide predictive insights into potential case
outcomes and risk assessments. This capability helps justice officials make more informed
decisions and develop effective case strategies, contributing to a proactive justice system.
Another example is the country of Colombia. Colombia was the first country to adopt
UNESCO’s Guidelines on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems, a framework
2
PIB Delhi. Ministry of Law and Justice (2025). Digital Transformation of Justice: Integrating AI in India’s Judiciary
and Law Enforcement -
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=2106239®=3&lang=1
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 147
designed to help judges integrate AI while upholding ethics and human rights. This achievement
establishes Colombia as a world leader in the ethical use of artificial intelligence in justice
systems. According to Tawfik Jelassi, UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Communication
and Informatics, Colombia’s leadership in adopting ethical guidelines on AI for the judiciary is a
global precedent. UNESCO is proud to support this important milestone in ensuring the
strengthening of justice systems.
Through its Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law
Programme, UNESCO is providing judges and justice systems around the world with the
framework for the responsible use of artificial intelligence. “AI has transformative potential for
justice systems,” said Jelassi. “It offers tools to speed up case resolution while protecting
fundamental rights.” Colombia’s pioneering step is just the beginning. As other countries seek to
address similar challenges, its example serves as a strong precedent for the ethical and effective
integration of technology into judicial systems. The Colombian Constitutional Court, with its
2024 decision T-323, announced the use of generative AI tools for decision-making in
guardianship proceedings for the first time. This came after a second-instance judge used a
generative AI tool to issue a decision.
The court emphasizes the responsible use of these tools
and emphasizes the importance of constantly guaranteeing the fundamental rights of system
users, as well as upholding judicial autonomy as an integral guarantee of a social state of law and
democracy.
What we need to analyze next is the harmful and beneficial aspects of using artificial
intelligence in the judicial system. Everyone knows that no matter how much technology makes
our lives easier, it still has its own harmful aspects. The first harmful aspect is that the constant
use of artificial intelligence leads to the standardization of all decisions in the judicial process,
which do not differ from each other. This seriously undermines the principle of independence of
the courts in making decisions. When a judge asks for help from artificial intelligence to make a
judgment, artificial intelligence reviews similar crimes and sentences that have been committed
before and makes a judgment based on them. This leads to an increase in precedents in all
judicial systems or to all decisions being issued in the same way. For example, two people
committed a robbery. The thief is the same age and the thing he stole is the same. One of them
committed this crime out of necessity because he did not have enough money for medicine. The
second one did it to earn extra money. In this case, artificial intelligence analyzes the articles
known to it and gives them the same sentence. However, the judge, consciously relying on
subjective opinion and the principle of justice, imposes a lighter sentence on one and a heavier
sentence on another. Artificial intelligence has no competence in distinguishing such cases. The
second bad side is the violation of legality. In the legal system, the ability to correctly interpret a
law or article is of great importance. The human mind, having deep knowledge and skills,
3
UNESCO (2025). Justice meets innovation: Colombia’s groundbreaking AI guidelines for courts -
https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/justice-meets-innovation-colombias-
courts#:~:text=Colombia%20has%20achieved%20a%20groundbreaking,safeguarding%2
0ethics%20and%20human%20rights
.
4
Lorenzo Villegas-Carrasquilla, Mariana Jaramillo, LL.M. (2024) The Constitutional Court of Colombia pronounces
on the use of generative artificial intelligence tools in judicial tutela proceedings-
https://cms.law/en/col/publication/the-constitutional-court-of-colombia-pronounces-on-
the-use-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-tools-in-judicial-tutela-proceedings
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 148
correctly interprets the article and makes a judgment based on the situation. However, artificial
intelligence only understands the superficial meaning of visible words, and a situation arises in
which an incorrect judgment is made. In order to follow the principle of legality, it is first
necessary to be able to correctly interpret the law. Making such major mistakes can seriously
harm a person's fate and ruin a person's life. The last is the issue of liability. A judge is
responsible for the verdict he reads, but how can an artificial intelligence that does not have the
status of a subject be held responsible? If a person writes a book with a pen, he is the author of
the work. And the pen is a tool. Even if he writes an article on a laptop, the author is considered
a human. But artificial intelligence is not just a tool, it is rising to the level of an author. But
there is no way to punish it. Therefore, it cannot be responsible for the verdict it reads.
The use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system is not without its positive aspects. The first
of these is the reduction of the corruption factor. A person can be bribed to solve a case in his
favor. However, artificial intelligence does not pursue material benefits. It is impossible to offer
him a bribe, which ensures transparency. The second reason is that the introduction of artificial
intelligence into the judicial system will lead to its widespread use in other areas and the
development of technology. Thirdly, in cases where there is a sharp increase in the volume of
cases in judicial practice, the use of artificial intelligence will make it possible to quickly resolve
the problem. Completing cases through artificial intelligence will lead to a decrease in the
volume of excess work. Fourthly, artificial intelligence can be used as an interpreter in court
proceedings. Currently, given the large number of nationalities and their spoken languages, the
need for interpreters in courts is very great, and there is a shortage of personnel in this regard.
However, the use of artificial intelligence as an interpreter in court proceedings can be a solution
to this problem.
However, when translated in this way, artificial intelligence may not be able to
express human emotions, make mistakes in translating phrases, or distract the court from
analyzing the true state and feelings of the person speaking. The fifth useful aspect is that
intelligence can be used to write a report. The secretary's task is to draw up a report. Artificial
intelligence can easily do this, record the trial in audio or video format, and write down every
word spoken in detail. This will help to accurately re-study the trial. The last reason is that
artificial intelligence can transfer court documents to audio format for people who cannot read.
But this can also cause some problems in expressing emotions in words.
In conclusion, it is worth saying that the judiciary is a separate authority for good reason. It is of
great importance in the development of the state. In simple terms jurisdiction is the power or
authority to hear a case or motion and determine a proper remedy. On the other hand, in the first
place, it aims to promote the acceptance of and respect for the principles of international law.
When it comes to the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system, it depends on the
purpose for which it is used. A judge or a court can simply use it to search for small pieces of
information or make small analyses during the trial. It can even perform elementary tasks with it.
However, if a judge uses artificial intelligence to determine a person's fate, evaluate his actions,
judge him and impose punishment, his actions will lead to increased distrust in the judicial
system. Considering that the question of who will be responsible for the mistakes made by
artificial intelligence or for the problems it has caused is still open, it is necessary to be careful
5
Kirsten Barkved (2024) Artificial Intelligence in courtrooms -
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 149
when using this technology in the judicial system. Therefore, caution is required in the use of
any technology, and we must use the development of our time for the right purposes.
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