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UDK.: 636 (575.151): 619 – 002.5
CLINICAL SIGNS AND PREVENTION OF EPHEMERAL FEVER DISEASE IN CATTLE
Sh.Kh.Chorshanbiev
Termez State University of Engineering and Agrotechnology.(Ph.D).
A.S.Mengliyev
Termez State University of Engineering and Agrotechnology.(Ph.D).
O.H.Ysufova.,U.V.Berdieva., S.A.Quziboeva., M.A.Toshpulatova.
Students of Termez State University of Engineering and Agrotechnology.
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda hozirgi kungacha olimlarimiz tomonidan
o‘rganilmagan bugungi kunda dolzarb muaomma bo‘lib kelayotgan kasalliklardan biri bo‘lgan
qoramollarning Efemer isitmasi kasalligining klinik belgilari, diagnostikasi va oldini olish
vazifalari belgilab berilgan.
Аннотация
. В данной статье определены клинические симптомы, диагностика и
профилактические задачи Эфемерной лихорадки крупного рогатого скота, которая
является одним из заболеваний, не изученных до сих пор нашими учеными в Узбекистане.
Annotation.
This article defines the clinical signs, diagnostics and preventive tasks of the
disease ephemeral fever of cattle, which is one of the common diseases that has not yet been
studied by our scientists in Uzbekistan.
Kalit so'zlar:
qoramol, efemera, isitma, virus, ko'z shilliq pardalari, tananing yallig'lanishi va
kuchlanish oyoq mushaklari,og`iz, burun, so`lak,
qon so'ruvchi pashsha, dezinseksiya,
dezinfeksiya.
Ключевые слова:
крупный рогатый скот, эфемеры, лихорадка, вирус, слизистые
оболочки глаз, воспаление тела и напряжение мышц ног, рот, нос, слюна, кровососущая
муха, дезинсекция, дезинфекция.
Key words:
cattle, ephemera, fever, virus, eye mucous membranes, div inflammation and
tension leg muscles, mouth, nose, saliva, blood-sucking fly, disinsection, disinfection.
Introduction.
Livestock is one of the most important sectors of agriculture, playing a key role in
the production of milk, meat, leather and other products. Keeping livestock healthy is important
for the development of livestock. However, in recent years, infectious diseases, in particular,
ephemeral disease, have become widespread in cattle and have become one of the most
important problems causing economic losses.
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Ephemeral fever of cattle, one of the most common diseases in Uzbekistan that has not been
studied by our scientists to date, is an acute viral disease, characterized mainly in cattle by short-
term (gr. ephemer-short) fever, reddening of the nose, mouth, pharynx, mucous membranes of
the eyes, inflammation of the div and tension (stiffness) of the leg muscles, difficulty moving
and lameness.
The disease was first recorded among cattle in 1867, then in 1907, 1908, 1915, in the countries
of the Asian continent in 1887-1891, 1906-1908, 1919, in Australia in 1936-1937. Therefore,
this disease has been studied especially well in Africa, Australia and Japan, and the presence of
antigenically close descendants of the virus that causes it has been identified. Ephemeral fever
has also been recorded among cattle in Finland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the
Netherlands and Denmark. Ephemeral fever mainly spreads as an epizootic, and economic
damage is caused by a sharp decrease in livestock production, partly due to the death of sick
animals, and the costs of treatment, disinfection and disinfestation. The disease is caused by the
lymphotropic bovine ephemeralis fever rhabdovirus, which belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family
and contains ribonucleic acid in its core. After the virus enters the div, antibodies are produced
against it that neutralize the virus and fix complement. The disease is not contagious, the virus is
transmitted primarily through the blood-sucking flies of the Culex annuliros, Anopheles
annulipes and other genera, and then to a healthy animal through mosquitoes. The virus is not
mechanically transmitted to healthy cattle by the above-mentioned flies, but lives in their bodies.
Therefore, flies are a reservoir of this disease in nature. Ephemeral fever is characterized by a
very rapid spread. The source of the pathogen is sick and virus-carrying cattle. A fly that feeds
on the blood of such animals first acquires the ephedrine virus, and then infects it with this virus
while sucking the blood of a healthy animal. Due to the fact that flies infected with the virus are
blown hundreds of kilometers by a strong wind, the disease virus can spread not only in one area,
but also across the region, country, and even the continent.
Relevance of the topic.
This disease is classified as exotic for our country, since ephemeral
fever was first recorded in 1984 under the name Termez fever, and later in 2002 and 2012 among
cattle. In August 2012, this disease, which was observed among cattle in Surkhandarya region,
was brought from Afghanistan by a strong wind. Because this disease has been recorded in
various regions of the Asian continent (Indonesia, Japan, China, India).
Clinical signs of ephemeral disease
. In sick cattle, the div temperature suddenly rises from
40
0
C to 42
0
C, the cattle's muscles tremble, they become lame, they become lax, the mucous
membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth become inflamed, salivation occurs from the mouth and
nose. There is a discharge of mucus and a foul-smelling liquid, redness of the visible mucous
membranes, a rapid decrease in appetite, in many cases its complete loss, abdominal atony,
tremors, weakness and recumbency. Body temperature returns to normal in 80% of cases after 2-
3 days, in 10-20% of cases after 4-5 days. In some animals, coughing, breathing and heart rate
increase, 90-95% of animals stop coughing. Pain is felt when the joints of the legs are pressed
with the paws.
The elastic movement of the joints decreases, and animals often lie down, unable to support their
own weight.
Prevention of the disease.
The main way to protect susceptible animals from the virus of this
disease is to conduct strict clinical control during the period of preventive quarantine of cattle
brought to our country from regions healthy for the disease in order to improve their breed.
Keeping livestock farms neat and tidy, timely carrying out veterinary and sanitary measures,
namely, installing disinfectant barriers at the entrance to livestock buildings, organizing entry
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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into buildings through disinfectant mats thoroughly moistened with disinfectant, and spraying 3-
4% o. every 10 days. detergent sodium, 5-10% active chlorine lime, regular disinfection with 2-
3% formaldehyde, biothermal disinfection of accumulated manure, 3% creolin against
hematophages (blood-sucking insects), 0.015-0.025%, cypermete 0.025% or 0.060.0% 0.125%
nurel-D aqueous emulsion for disinfection, keeping animals within zoohygienic requirements to
increase their resistance, feeding them nutritious and vitamin feeds to prevent ephemeral fever
among cattle. Based on the "Guidelines" for the use of these drugs for special prophylaxis of
ephemeral fever in cattle. If this disease is detected among cattle by clinical, epizootic,
pathoanatomical, serological and virological methods, the farm or settlement is recognized as
unhealthy in accordance with the Law "On Veterinary Medicine" and is restricted by the decision
of the regional khokim based on the conclusion of the chief veterinary officer. district (city)
inspector. All protective measures and measures are taken to prevent the spread of the disease at
the unhealthy point. It is prohibited to introduce and remove new cattle to the farm, mix them
with other groups.
Sick animals that are considered the source of the disease are immediately isolated in a separate
building, and in order to fully protect them from hematophagous, disinfection and disinfestation
measures are carried out in the isolator, as mentioned above, and the sick are managed. treated.
After the disease is detected, the veterinary specialist serving this address must, in cooperation
with the head of the farm, the head of the farm or the chairman of the citizens' assembly and
relevant officials, carry out the following measures:
- all cattle kept at this location will undergo clinical examinations and thermometry, all sick and
suspected cattle will be isolated and special containment measures will be taken;
- after the disease is detected, it is not allowed to take cattle out of the farm, from a populated
village, to distant pastures, or to bring in new cattle from another place without the permission of
the district chief veterinarian. ; it is prohibited to obtain any biological preparations (blood serum,
defibrinated blood, etc.) from cattle in an unhealthy area;
- buildings where infected cattle are kept are disinfected once every 10 days until the end of the
restriction, for this purpose, a mixture of 2-3% caustic soda, 5% sulfuric and carbolic acids at a
temperature of 70
0
C - 80
0
C, 2 -3% formalin is used; 0.5% neocidol, 0.015% simbush or karate,
0.5% ectomine solutions are used for disinsection; drying measures are taken in small and
stagnant water bodies or disinsection measures should be carried out there;
All measures are taken to feed the cattle, stop their movement, and prevent
them from coming into contact with blood-sucking flies.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 250
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